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Estimation of Burden of Kidney Dysfunction in HIV-Infected Pediatrics and Adolescents by Use of Urinary Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin: A single Center Experience in Kenya

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2022年第1期2卷 9-14页

作者： Anne P.Lomole William M.Macharia mary s.limbe Doris W.Kinuthia samuel K.Kabinga Aga Khan University Medical College East AfricaAga Khan University HospitalNairobiKenya University of Nairobi East African Kidney InstituteNairobiKenya

Background:About 75%of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)live in sub-saharan *** Kenya,about 1.5 million Kenyans are living with HIV,of whom almost 100,000 are children and *** active antiretroviral therapy(HAART)has converted HIV infection to a chronic illness with its attendant *** disease is a common complication of HIV infection and its *** disease in HIV-infected persons can be asymptomatic,insidious onset and may lack specific clinical *** can only be detected on active *** urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)using serum creatinine are not sensitive in identification of early kidney *** neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(uNGAL)has been used as marker of early kidney ***:This cross-sectional study used uNGAL and serum creatinine to determine the prevalence of kidney dysfunction in HIVinfected children and adolescents with HAART at Gertrude’s Children’s Hospital,Nairobi,Kenya,from March 2016 to February *** samples were assayed for uNGAL using the Bio Porto®enzyme-linked immunosorbent *** creatinine was assayed using the Jaffe reaction in the Cobas®6000 biochemistry analyzer and eGFR calculated using the schwartz *** plot of eGFR against log uNGAL levles was performed by statistical Package for social sciences and Pearson correlation coefficeint between log uNGAL levles and eGFR was ***:Ninety-three patients were *** mean age was 11.8±3.6 years and the median duration on HAART was 72.6 *** were 47(50.5%).The prevalence of kidney dysfunction using uNGAL was 15.1%(95%CI 7.6%–22.5%)and 5.4%(95%CI 1.8%–12.1%)by *** mean eGFR was 131±25mL·min1·1.73m2 and median uNGAL was 10 ng/*** every one ng/mL increase in uNGAL value above the normal value,eGFR decreases by 4.8mL·min1·1.73m2(P=0.038).Patients with elevated uNGAL were older when co

关键词： HIV Estimated glomerular filtration rate Highly active antiretroviral therapy Kidney disease serum creatinine uNGAL

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Turning teawaste particles into magnetic bio-sorbents particles for arsenic removal from wastewater:Isotherm and kinetic studies

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Particuology 2024年第4期87卷 179-193页

作者： mary McGeogh Hamza Annath Chirangano Mangwandi school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University BelfastDavid Kier BuildingBT95AGUnited Kingdorm Department of Chermnistry Lancaster UniversityBailrigsLancasterLA14YBUnited Kingdom

The primary objective of this research was to assess the potential of magnetic bleached biochar(MBBC)as a cost-effective adsorbent for arsenic *** achieve this,locally collected tea wastes underwent meticulous cleaning,bleaching,and modifications via thermal and chemical *** non-magnetic and magnetic biochar adsorbents were thoroughly characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)and thermo-gravimetric analysis(TGA).subsequently,the adsorptive performance of MBBC in removing arsenic from wastewater samples was investigated,considering various crucial parameters such as adsorbent-adsorbate contact time,concentration of As,temperature,adsorbent dosage,and the regeneration-ability of the *** experimental data for the adsorption process were best represented by the Langmuir isotherm,indicating its suitability for the MBBC ***,the MBBC demonstrated a maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity of approximately 714 mg/g at room temperature,highlighting its efficiency as an arsenic ***,the Lagergren's Pseudo-second order kinetic model proved to be the most suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics,confirming the chemisorption nature of the *** results also indicated that the adsorption process is endothermic and feasible,suggesting its viability for practical *** all findings into account,the comprehensive analysis strongly supports the potential use of MBBC as a highly promising and cost-effective adsorbent for efficiently removing arsenic from aqueous *** research contributes valuable insights to the field of wastewater treatment and offers a sustainable and environmentally friendly solution for tackling arsenic contamination in water sources.

关键词： Arsenics Wastewater Adsorption Magnetic bio-char Teawaste

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A toast to a zebrafish germ cell induction cocktail

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science China(Life sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1314-1315页

作者： mary C.Mullins Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia 19104USA

The zebrafish field is ringing in the new year with a publication from Yonghua sun's laboratory(Wang et al.,2023)of a cocktail of germline factors that can induce all cells of the zebrafish embryo into primordial germ cells(PGCs)at phenomenal *** major advance is not only of great interest to germ cell biologists,but it has important applications to the entire zebrafish field,as shown in Wang et al.(2023).

关键词： fish zebra field

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Directives and references in selected coronavirus-motivated internet memes

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Language and semiotic studies 2024年第2期10卷 245-266页

作者： Ayo Osisanwo Toluwalope mary Falade Department of English University of IbadanIbadanNigeria Institute of English studies Leuphana UniversitätLüneburgGermany Department of English and General studies Ladoke Akintola UniversityOgbomosoNigeria

The use of directives in communicating the nature of the pandemic and reference to social experiences were promoted using images on social media *** images or memes are used to create awareness and reinforce the criteria for safety during the *** studies on internet memes have concentrated on humor generation,speaker-hearer shared knowledge,neologism,and multimodality among others,with insufficient attention paid to the use of directives and references in such coronavirus-motivated *** paper,therefore,examines how directives and references are employed in conveying expected social responsibilities through coronavirus-motivated internet memes in Nigeria and other socio-cultural *** data,one hundred coronavirus-motivated memes were purposively selected from Facebook,and eight representative memes were subjected to pragmatic analysis using aspects of Jacob Mey’s(***:An introduction,2nd ***:Blackwell Publishing)pragmatic acts theory to unearth insights from *** paper observes that the various spheres of life that are relatable to an online audience help to express what the pandemic is about and enhance the meaning of the pandemic with the context of the use of the memes,giving clearer perspectives on the *** and references are useful tools for conveying social responsibilities to online audience.

关键词： directives references coronavirus internet memes social responsibilities

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Monkeypox: A Viral Zoonotic Disease of Rising Global Concern

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Infectious Diseases & Immunity 2024年第3期4卷 121-131页

作者： sukumaran Ani Betsy Joseph mary Thomas Vishnupriya K.sweety Nandita suresh Tumos Waltimo Department of Dentistry Oral Health InstituteHamad Medical CorporationPost Box 3050DohaQatar College of Dental Medicine Qatar UniversityPost Box 2713DohaQatar Department of Periodontology Saveetha Dental College and HospitalsSaveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennai 600077India Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases Helsinki University and University HospitalHelsinki 00014Finland Pushpagiri Institute of Medical sciences and Research Centre MedicityPerumthuruthyTiruvallaKerala 689101India Clinic for Oral Health and Medicine University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZBUniversity of Basel4058 BaselSwitzerland.

Monkeypox(mpox)is a rare viral zoonotic disease,endemic to Central and West Africa,caused by the monkeypox virus,an orthopoxvirus similar to the variola virus(smallpox).Although sporadic travel-associated cases have historically occurred outside Africa,in May 2022,mpox began spreading globally in multiple nonendemic countries across several *** 2024,there has been an increase in globally reported confirmed cases of mpox and deaths from mpox,making it a public health emergency of international *** reasons for the unusual global spread are under investigation but likely relate to increased travel and waning population immunity to *** now appears to be mainly through close,intimate contact,especially among men who have sex with *** is usually a self-limited *** limited approved antiviral treatments are available,such as tecovirimat,which the European Medicines Agency approved in January 2022 for the treatment of mpox,their widespread availability and effectiveness in the current outbreak remain to be *** health control measures include surveillance,case identification/isolation,contact tracing,and targeted vaccination of contacts at high risk of ***,challenges remain in curtailing the current unprecedented *** knowledge gaps include animal reservoir(s)responsible for initial spillover events,viral mutations that may enhance transmissibility,optimal diagnostics for noninvasive specimens,effective antiviral therapies,next-generation vaccines providing longer-term immunity,and building global capacity for outbreak *** review summarizes the current literature on mpox virology,epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnostics,treatment,prevention,and public health control *** investigation and research are needed to better understand mpox’s evolving epidemiology,pathogenicity,transmissibility,and ecology to guide strategies for containin

关键词： Antiviral agents Disease outbreaks Epidemiology Mpox smallpox vaccine Zoonoses

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Mathematical Modeling of HIV Investigating the Effect of Inconsistent Treatment

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2024年第4期12卷 1063-1078页

作者： sr mary Nyambura Mwangi Virginia M. Kitetu Isaac O. Okwany Department of Mathematics and Actuarial science Catholic University of Eastern Africa Nairobi Kenya

HIV is a retrovirus that infects and impairs the cells and functions of the immune system. It has caused a great challenge to global public health systems and leads to Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs), if not attended to in good time. Antiretroviral therapy is used for managing the virus in a patient’s lifetime. some of the symptoms of the disease include lean body mass and many opportunistic infections. This study has developed a sIAT mathematical model to investigate the impact of inconsistency in treatment of the disease. The arising non-linear differential equations have been obtained and analyzed. The DFE and its stability have been obtained and the study found that it is locally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is less than unity. The endemic equilibrium has been obtained and found to be globally asymptotically stable when the basic reproduction number is greater than unity. Numerical solutions have been obtained and analyzed to give the trends in the spread dynamics. The inconsistency in treatment uptake has been analyzed through the numerical solutions. The study found that when the treatment rate of those infected increases, it leads to an increase in treatment population, which slows down the spread of HIV and vice versa. An increase in the rate of treatment of those with AIDs leads to a decrease in the AIDs population, the reverse happens when this rate decreases. The study recommends that the community involvement in advocating for consistent treatment of HIV to curb the spread of the disease.

关键词： HIV Modeling Mathematical Modeling Reproduction Number Inconsistent Treatment

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Continuity of care by a primary midwife(caseload midwifery):a cost analysis using results from the COsMOs randomised controlled trial

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 94-101页

作者： Emily J Callander Hannah Jackson Helen L McLachlan mary-Ann Davey Della A Forster University of Technology sydney SydneyNew South WalesAustralia The Royal Women's Hospital MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Faculty of Health University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia Judith Lumley Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia school of Nursing and Midwifery a Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Introduction Caseload midwifery(continuity of midwifery carer)offers benefits including lower caesarean section rates,lower risks of preterm birth and stilbirth,and improved maternal satisfaction of *** these advantages,concerns about additional costs hinder widespread *** study examinesthecost of caseload midwifery compared with standard maternity care from the perspective of both public hospitals and public *** A cost analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial of 2314 low-risk pregnant women in Melbourne,*** randomised to caseload care received antenatal,intrapartum and postpartum care from a primary midwife,with some care provided by a‘back-up'*** in standard care received midwifery-led care with varying levels of continuity,junior obstetric care or community-based medical *** cost analysis compared differences in mean costs of health resources to public hospitals and to public ***,a budget impact analysis estimated total costs to the health system between 2023 and *** For public hospitals,there was no significant difference in overall costs between women receiving caseload midwifery(n=1146)versus standard care(n=1151)($sA12363(sD:$A4967)vs$A12323(sD:$A7404);p=0.85).Conversely,public funders incurred lower expenditures for women receiving caseload midwifery($A20330(sD:$A8312))versus standard care($A21637(sD:$A11818);psis estimated savings of sA625million to the health system over the next 5 years with expanded access to caseloadmidwifery *** Caseloadmidwifery in low-risk women is cost-neutral to public hospitals and cost-saving to public *** abstract Continuity of midwifery for low-risk women reduces costs to public funders,with no additional costs to hospitals.

关键词： random continuity Continuity

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肯尼亚的蜜月冒险

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2024年第1期 27-29,46,47页

作者： mary Ann Anderson 不详

22那一刻如梦境般令人着迷。一大群金黄色的狮子在午后的阳光下睡觉、打鼾、慵懒低吟,长长的尾巴互相轻轻拍打。一对来自瑞典的夫妻坐在我身边,我们一同乘坐一辆路虎车在肯尼亚的马赛马拉享受游猎之旅。那位丈夫开始细数那群狮子。

关键词：狮子肯尼亚金黄色

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Anal cancer screening in women with a history of human papillomavirusrelated lower genital tract cancers:a pilot study

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 88-93页

作者： Isobel mary Poynten Fengyi Jin Rhonda Farell Trevor Tejada-Berges Carmella Law Richard Hillman Jennifer Roberts Andrew Grulich The Kirby Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia Chris O'Brien Lifehouse SydneyNew South WalesAustralia ADysplasia prince of Wales Private Hospital RandwickNew South WalesAustralia Dysplasia and Anal Cancer services St Vincent's Hospital SydneyDarlinghurstNewSouthWalesAustralia Douglass Hanly Moir Pathology SydneyNew South WalesAustralia

Objectives Women diagnosed with a history of lower genital tract cancer(LGTC)and precancer are at increased risk of anal *** for anal cancer in a manner analogous to cervical cancer may detect precursor anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions(HsILs)and prevent progression to *** In a pilot study of anal cancer screening,women with previous LGTC and aged≥18 years in sydney,Australia underwent a digital anorectal examination,anal swab for human papillomavirus(HPV)and p16/Ki67 testing and completeda *** with positive HPV and/or p16/Ki67 results were referred for a high-resolution anoscopy(HRA)and evaluation of their *** Of 52 participants,46 agreed to screening and 6 provided demographic information *** age was 46.5 years(IQR:36.059.0).Anal high-risk HPV(HRHPV)was detected in only seven(15.2%)participants(three HPV16).Eight(17.4%)had positive p16/Ki67 dual staining,with invalid results for 25(54.4%).0f 10 women referred for HRA,9 attended and 3 had HsILs,representing 6.5%of the screened *** were completed by 41 participants(89.1%).The majority reported that being screenedwas reassuring(97.5%)and was positive for their health(95.1%).Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated a lower-than-expected prevalence of anal *** with HRHPV and p16/Ki67 staining identified anal HsILs in 6.5%of ***,screeningwas viewed as beneficial by almost all *** utility of p16/Ki67dual staining was low,suggesting it may not be a suitable anal cancer screening methodology.

关键词： pilot sydney screening

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QCA with reversible arithmetic and logic unit for nanoelectronics applications

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International Journal of Intelligent Computing and Cybernetics 2023年第1期16卷 139-157页

作者： Gade mary swarna Latha s.Rooban ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationGunturIndia and ECEInstitute of Aeronautical EngineeringHyderabadIndia ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationGunturIndia

Purpose-In this research work,brief quantum-dot cellular automata(QCA)concepts are discussed through arithmetic and logic *** work is most useful for nanoelectronic applications,VLsI industry mainly depends on this type of fault-tolerant QCA based arithmetic logic unit(ALU)*** ALU design is mainly depending on set instructions and rules;these are maintained through low-power ultra-functional tricks only possible with QCA-based reversible arithmetic and logic unit for *** main objective of this investigation is to design an ultra-low power and ultra-high-speed ALU design with QCA *** following QCA method has been implemented through reversible ***/methodology/approach-QCA logic is the main and critical condition for realizing NANO-scale design that delivers considerably fast integrate module,effective performable computation and is less energy efficiency at the nano-scale(QCA).Processors need an ALU in order to process and calculate *** ALU in QCA technology utilizing reverse logic is the primary objective of this *** are now two sections,*** ALU(RAU),logical(LAU)and arithmetical(RAU).Findings-A reversible 231 multiplexer based on the Fredkin gate(FRG)was developed to allow users to choose between arithmetic and logical *** full adders are also implemented to improve arithmetic operations’*** ALU is built using reversible logic gates that are ***/value-In contrast to earlier research,the suggested reversible multilayeredALU with reversible QCA operation is *** 8-and 16-bit ALU,as well as logical unit functioning,is designed through fewer gates,constant inputs and *** implementation is designed on the Mentor Graphics QCA tool and verifies all functionalities.

关键词： ALU QCA Fault tolerance Reversible logic

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