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Simultaneous Determination of Catechins and Caffeine in Green Tea-Based Beverages and Foods for Specified Health Uses

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2017年第3期8卷 316-325页

作者： keiji maruyama Fumiko Kihara-Negishi Naoki Ohkura Yasuhiro Nakamura Miwako Nasui Moemi Saito Research Center for Practical Training of Student Pharmacists School of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University Tokyo Japan Department of Life and Health Sciences School of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University Tokyo Japan Department of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences School of Pharma-Sciences Teikyo University Tokyo Japan

Catechins in green tea have various useful features including antioxidant activity and preventive effects on metabolic syndrome. Various beverages that are enriched with tea catechins are marketed as Foods for Specified Health Uses (FOSHU) in Japan. However, recent reports have indicated that excessive consumption of green tea extracts as a dietary supplement are associated with adverse health effects such as liver disorders. Various catechins and caffeine are constituents of FOSHU tea-based beverages. The amount of catechins in FOSHU products is displayed on labels as total catechin content, but the content of individual catechins are not provided. Although health hazards of FOSHU products have rarely been reported, precise information about the content and types of catechins in FOSHU products is needed to ensure safety. We used high-performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array (HPLC/PDA) to simultaneously identify and quantify catechins and caffeine in green tea-based popular beverages and FOSHU beverages. This technique allowed simultaneous quantitation of five types of catechins and caffeine in green tea without complicated sample preparation. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and epigallocatechin EGC were the main catechins in various FOSHU beverages and the concentrations of almost all catechins were higher in FOSHU, than in popular green tea-based beverages. The concentrations of EGCG in green tea-based popular beverages and in FOSHU beverages were 5.4 - 7.3 and 10.2 - 41.9 mg/100mL, respectively, with the highest concentration being in a product named Healthya (approximately 147 mg/bottle). The simultaneous determination of compounds such as catechins and caffeine in FOSHU beverages can help to estimate beneficial and adverse effects to prevent deleterious effects on health and the excessive consumption of FOSHU beverages containing high concentrations of tea catechins should be avoided.

关键词： Simultaneous Quantitation High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photodiode Catechin Caffeine Health Food Dietary Supplement

Global Warming in Japanese Cities from 1960 to 2019 Using Machine Learning

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2024年第9期12卷 198-214页

作者： Fumio maruyama Department of Sports and Health Science Matsumoto University Matsumoto Japan

In this study, we investigated the variations in warming between Japanese cities for 1960-1989, and 1990-2019 using principal component analysis (PCA) and k-means clustering. The precipitation and sunshine hours exhibited opposite tendencies in the PCA results. It was found that 1960M and 1990M had a correlation (r = 0.51). The 1960M and 1990M are the mean temperature anomalies in Japanese cities for 1960-1989 and 1990-2019, respectively. There was a strong correlation between temperature and precipitation (r = 0.62). There was an inverse correlation between 1960M and sunshine hours (r = −0.25), but a correlation between 1990M and sunshine hours (r = 0.11). Sunshine hours had less effect on the 1960M but more impact on the 1990M. The k-means clustering for 1960M and 1990M can be classified into four types: high 1960M and high 1990M, which indicates that global warming is progressing rapidly (Sapporo, Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, Fukuoka, Nagasaki), low 1960M and low 1990M, global warming is progressing slowly (Nemuro, Ishinomaki, Yamagata, Niigata, Fushiki, Nagano, Karuizawa, Mito, Suwa, Iida, Hamada, Miyazaki, Naha), low 1960M and high 1990M, global warming has accelerated since 1990 (Utsunomiya, Kofu, Okayama, Hiroshima), and normal 1960M and normal 1990M, the rate of warming is normal among the 38 cities (Asahikawa, Aomori, Akita, Kanazawa, Maebashi, Matsumoto, Yokohama, Gifu, Nagoya, Hamamatsu, Kochi, Kagoshima). Higher annual temperatures were correlated with higher annual precipitation according to the k-means clustering of temperature and precipitation. Two of the four categories consisted of places with high annual temperatures and high precipitation (Fushiki, Kanazawa, Kochi, Miyazaki, Kagoshima, Naha, Ishigakijima), and places with low annual temperatures and low precipitation (Asahikawa, Nemuro, Sapporo, Karuizawa).

关键词： Global Warming Japan Machine Learning Principal Component Analysis K-Means Clustering

Estimation of Return Level for Maximum Daily and Hourly Precipitation in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, Using the Extreme Value Theory

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第8期14卷 2065-2087页

作者： Fumio maruyama Department of Sports and Health Science Matsumoto University Matsumoto Japan

The weather in Nagano Prefecture, Japan, can be roughly classified into four types according to principal component analysis and k-means clustering. We predicted the extreme values of the maximum daily and hourly precipitation in Nagano Prefecture using the extreme value theory. For the maximum daily precipitation, the vales of ξ in Matsumoto, Karuizawa, Sugadaira, and Saku were positive;therefore, it has no upper bound and tends to take large values. Therefore, it is dangerous and caution is required. The values of ξ in Nagano, Kisofukushima, and Minamishinano were determined to be zero, therefore, there was no upper limit, the probability of obtaining a large value was low, and caution was required. We predicted the maximum return levels for return periods of 10, 20, 50, and 100 years along with respective 95% confidence intervals in Nagano, Matsumoto, Karuizawa, Sugadaira, Saku, Kisofukushima, and Minamishinano. In Matsumoto, the 100-year return level was 182 mm, with a 95% CI [129, 236]. In Minamishinano, the 100-year return level was 285 mm, with a 95% CI [173, 398]. The 100-year return levels for the maximum daily rainfall were 285, 271, and 271 mm in Minamishinano, Saku, and Karuizawa, respectively, where the changes in the daily maximum rainfall were larger than those at other points. Because these values are large, caution is required during heavy rainfall. The 100-year return levels for the maximum daily and hourly precipitation were similar in Karuizawa and Saku. In Sugadaira, the 100-year return level for a maximum hourly rainfall of 107.2 mm was larger than the maximum daily rainfall. Hence, it is necessary to be careful about short-term rainfall events.

关键词： Extreme Value Theory Maximum Daily and Hourly Precipitation Principal Component Analysis K-Means Clustering

Marangoni-flow-assisted assembly of single-walled carbon nanotube films for human motion sensing

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Fundamental Research 2024年第3期4卷 570-574页

作者： Yuguang Chen Yitan Li Lu Han Hao Sun Min Lyu Zeyao Zhang Shigeo maruyama Yan Li Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular SciencesState Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and ApplicationsCollege of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Bruker(Beijing)Scientific Technology Co.Ltd. Beijing 100192China Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of TokyoTokyo 113-8656Japan Peking University Shenzhen Institute Shenzhen 518057China PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution Shenzhen 518057China

Single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNTs)present excellent electronic and mechanical properties desired in wearable and flexible *** preparation of SWCNT films is the first step for fabricating various *** work developed a scalable and feasible method to assemble SWCNT thin films on water surfaces based on Marangoni flow induced by surface tension *** films possess a large area of 40 cm×30 cm(extensible),a tunable thickness of 15∼150 nm,a high transparency of up to 96%,and a decent *** are ready to be directly transferred to various substrates,including flexible *** strain sensors were fabricated with the films on flexible *** sensors worked with high sensitivity and *** realizing multi-functional human motion sensing,including responding to voices,monitoring artery pulses,and detecting knuckle and muscle actions,the assembled SWCNT films demonstrated the potential for application in smart devices.

关键词： Single-walled carbon nanotubes Marangoni flow Assembly Interfaces Sensors

Formation and Properties of Organic Long Persistent Luminescence Crystals Containing Benzidine Derivatives by Melt Crystallization

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Advances in Chemical Engineering and Science 2024年第1期14卷 1-7页

作者： Norihito Doki Kiyoka maruyama Masaaki Yokota Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering Faculty of Engineering Iwate University Morioka Japan

Organic molecules that exhibit long persistent luminescence (LPL) are rapidly gaining attention for a variety of applications. In this study, organic molecules with simple structures were selected and organic long persistent luminescence (OLPL) crystals were prepared. The crystal structure of the prepared OLPL crystal was elucidated and the guideline for the design of OLPL crystal was clarified. LPL was observed in OLPL crystals prepared with TMB as the guest molecule and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane as the host molecule. XRD measurements of the OLPL crystals suggest that the guest molecule is a solid solution substituted in the stable crystal structure of the host molecule in a lattice-shrinking direction.

关键词： Melt Crystallization Host-Guest Chemistry

Emotion Measurement Using Biometric Signal

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Health 2024年第5期16卷 395-404页

作者： Yukina Miyagi Saori Gocho Yuka Miyachi Chika Nakayama Shoshiro Okada Kenta maruyama Taeyuki Oshima College of Pharmacy Kinjo Gakuin University Nagoya Japan Graduate School of Medicine Aichi Medical University Nagakute Japan Department of Pharmacy Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital Nagoya Japan Department of Pharmacy Gifu University of Medical Science Kani Japan

In recent years, research on the estimation of human emotions has been active, and its application is expected in various fields. Biological reactions, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and root mean square successive difference (RMSSD), are indicators that are less influenced by individual arbitrariness. The present study used EEG and RMSSD signals to assess the emotions aroused by emotion-stimulating images in order to investigate whether various emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal fluctuations. The participants underwent EEG and RMSSD while viewing emotionally stimulating images and answering the questionnaires. The emotions aroused by emotionally stimulating images were assessed by measuring the EEG signals and RMSSD values to determine whether different emotions are associated with characteristic biometric signal variations. Real-time emotion analysis software was used to identify the evoked emotions by describing them in the Circumplex Model of Affect based on the EEG signals and RMSSD values. Emotions other than happiness did not follow the Circumplex Model of Affect in this study. However, ventral attentional activity may have increased the RMSSD value for disgust as the β/θ value increased in right-sided brain waves. Therefore, the right-sided brain wave results are necessary when measuring disgust. Happiness can be assessed easily using the Circumplex Model of Affect for positive scene analysis. Improving the current analysis methods may facilitate the investigation of face-to-face communication in the future using biometric signals.

关键词： Biometric Signals Electroencephalogram Electrocardiogram Emotion Communication

Estimation of Unit Flood Discharge for Various Land Use Types with a Focus on Urbanization

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2016年第4期6卷 195-211页

作者： Manabu Segawa Toshisuke maruyama keiji Takase Faculty of Environmental Science Ishikawa Prefectural University Ishikawa Japan

We proposed unit flood discharge model that defined as the discharge into end-order (smallest) drainage canals. The discharge acts an important role for estimating regional flooding by big rainfall events which leading roughly estimation of flood discharge associated with land use changes as urbanization. In some areas of Japan, increased urbanization with insufficient drainage canal capacity has led to increasingly frequent flooding and flood damage. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of urbanization on unit flood discharge using a runoff model for the Tedori River alluvial fan area, Japan. The discharge was studied as collecting runoff from paddy fields, upland crop fields, and residential lots. A runoff model for various land use types in the study area was developed using actual and physical properties of the runoff sites, and parameters for paddy fields. The model was tested using 54 big events and inputted those. The maximum total runoff ratio among different land use types was observed for residential lots, and the ratio remained relatively constant across different flood events. The minimum total runoff ratio was observed for irrigated paddy fields. There was a positive relationship between the total runoff ratio and total precipitation for all land use types. Whereas, the relationship between the peak runoff ratio and peak precipitation was variable. The runoff analysis was carried out using 60-min and 10-min precipitation data. For agricultural land, data for both intervals produced similar results.

关键词： Unit Flood Discharge Total Runoff Ratio Peak Runoff Ratio Runoff Model Depression Storage

Origin of the Earth:A proposal of new model called ABEL

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 253-274页

作者： Shigenori maruyama Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Institute for Study of the Earth's Interior Okayama University RIKEN

The Earth was born as a dry planet without atmosphere and ocean components at 4.56 Ga,with subsequent secondary accretion of bio-elements,such as carbon（C）,hydrogen（H）,oxygen（O）,and nitrogen（N） which peaked at 4.37-4.20 *** two-step formation model of the Earth we refer to as the advent of bio-elements model（ABEL Model） and the event of the advent of bio-elements（water component） as ABEL *** is clear that the solid Earth originated from enstatite chondrite-like dry material based on the similarity in oxygen isotopic composition and among other *** the other hand,Earth＇s water derives primarily from carbonaceous chondrite material based on the hydrogen isotopic *** present our ABEL model to explain this enigma between solid Earth and water,as well as secondary accretion of oxidizing bio-elements,which became a precursor to initiate metabolism to emerge life on a highly reductive *** ABEL Bombardment had not occurred,life never would have emerged on the ***,ABEL Bombardment is one of the most important events for this planet to evolve into a habitable *** chronology of ABEL Bombardment is informed through previous researches of the late heavy bombardment and the late veneer *** Bombardment is considered to have occurred during 4.37-4.20 Ga,which is the concept to redefine the standard late heavy bombardment and the late veneer ***,ABEL Bombardment is the trigger of the transition from stagnant lid tectonics to plate tectonics on this planet because of the injection of volatiles into the initial dry Earth.

关键词： Origin of Earth and life Advent of bin-elements (ABEL)Origin of water on the Earth ABEL Bombardment Habitable Trinity planet Initiation of plate tectonics

Nuclear geyser model of the origin of life:Driving force to promote the synthesis of building blocks of life

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Geoscience Frontiers 2017年第2期8卷 275-298页

作者： Toshikazu Ebisuzaki Shigenori maruyama RIKEN Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology

We propose the nuclear geyser model to elucidate an optimal site to bear the first *** model overcomes the difficulties that previously proposed models have *** geyser is a geyser driven by a natural nuclear reactor,which was likely common in the Hadean Earth,because of a much higher abundance of 235U as nuclear *** nuclear geyser supplies the following：（1）high-density ionizing radiation to promote chemical chain reactions that even tar can be used for intermediate material to restart chemical reactions,（2）a system to maintain the circulation of material and energy,which includes cyclic environmental conditions（warm/cool,dry/wet,etc.）to enable to produce complex organic compounds,（3）a lower temperature than 100℃ as not to break down macromolecular organic compounds,（4）a locally reductive environment depending on rock types exposed along the geyser wall,and（5）a container to confine and accumulate volatile *** five factors are the necessary conditions that the birth place of life must *** the nuclear geyser can meet all five,in contrast to the previously proposed birth sites,such as tidal flat,submarine hydrothermal vent,and outer *** nuclear reactor and associated geyser,which maintain the circulations of material and energy with its surrounding environment,are regarded as the nuclear geyser system that enables numerous kinds of chemical reactions to synthesize complex organic compounds,and where the most primitive metabolism could be generated.

关键词： Origin of life Chemical evolution Natural nuclear reactor Aqueous electron Radiation chemistry