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Shoaling Int.rnal Solit.ry Waves and t.e Format.on of Boluses

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Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics 2024年第2期14卷 65-82页

作者： Hooman Enayat. Brian t. Helenbrook Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering Lafayette College Easton PA USA Depart.ent.of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering Clarkson University Potsdam NY USA

An int.rnal solit.ry wave of elevat.on in a t.o-layer densit. st.at.fied syst.m of an incompressible, viscous and homogeneous fluid was st.died. t.e run-up of a wave of elevat.on encount.ring different.slopes was invest.gat.d numerically based on solving t.e cont.nuit., Navier-St.kes and convect.ve-diffusion equat.ons wit.in t.e Boussinesq approximat.on. t.e commercial soft.are COMSOL Mult.physics was used t. conduct.t.e numerical simulat.ons. For gradual shoals, a bolus formed t.at.t.ansport.d dense fluid up t.e shoal. t.e bolus disappeared when it.reached it. maximum height.on t.e slope due t. t.e draining of t.e dense fluid. Various shoal angles were simulat.d t. det.ct.t.e crit.cal angle above which a bolus does not.form. An angle of 30 or less result.d in t.e format.on of a bolus. In addit.on, t.e simulat.ons demonst.at.d t.at.t.e size of t.e bolus induced by shallower slopes was larger and t.at.t.e vert.cal height.t.aveled by t.e bolus was insensit.ve t. t.e slope of t.e shoal.

关键词： Int.rnal Solit.ry Waves COMSOL Mult.physics Wave Breaking

Lat. Ordovician Mass Ext.nct.on: Eart., fire and ice

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Nat.onal Science Review 2024年第1期11卷 51-65页

作者： David A.t.Harper Palaeoecosyst.ms Group Department of Earth SciencesDurham University

t.e Lat. Ordovician Mass Ext.nct.on was t.e earliest.of t.e ‘big’ five ext.nct.on event. and t.e earliest.t. affect.t.e t.aject.ry of met.zoan life. t.o phases have been ident.fied near t.e st.rt.of t.e Hirnant.an period and in t.e middle. It.was a massive t.xonomic ext.nct.on, a weak phylogenet.c ext.nct.on and a relat.vely benign ecological ext.nct.on. A rapid cooling, t.iggering a major ice age t.at.reduced t.e t.mperat.re of surface wat.rs, prompt.d a drop in sea level of some 100 m and int.oduced t.xic bot.om wat.rs ont. t.e shelves. t.ese sympt.ms of more fundament.l planet.ry processes have been associat.d wit. a range of fact.rs wit. an underlying driver ident.fied as volcanicit.. Volcanic erupt.ons, and ot.er product., may have ext.nded back in t.me t. at.least.t.e Sandbian and early Kat.an, suggest.ng t.e ext.nct.ons were more prot.act.d and influent.al t.an hit.ert. document.d.

关键词： Ordovician LOME paleoecology palaeobiogeography biot.s

Preparat.on of micropart.cles and nanopart.cles using membrane-assist.d dispersion,micromixing,and evaporat.on processes

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Part.cuology 2024年第1期84卷 30-44页

作者： Goran t.Vladisavljevic Chemical Engineering Depart.ent Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershire LE113TUUnited Kingdom

Synt.et.c microporous membranes are increasingly used for energy-efficient.and cont.olled product.on of micro-and nanopart.cles and micro-and nanoemulsions wit. t.neable morphology and physico-chemical propert.es t.rough various micromixing,emulsificat.on,and evaporat.on *** emul-sificat.on processes,t.e membrane pores are used for dispersed phase inject.on and size-cont.olled generat.on of droplet. and droplet.t.mplat.d *** micromixing processes,membrane is ut.lised as a micromixer for mixing t.o miscible liquids,usually solvent.and ant.solvent.rich solut.ons,which leads t. t.e creat.on of supersat.rat.on and subsequent.nanoprecipit.t.on or *** mem-brane evaporat.on processes,membrane is used t. prevent.phase dispersion while allowing efficient.molecular diffusion of solvent.and/or ant.solvent.vapour t.rough gas-filled *** dispersion processes can be operat.d cont.nuously by decoupling shear st.ess on t.e membrane surface from cross flow using t.be inset.,flow pulsat.ons,swirling flow,membrane oscillat.ons or membrane *** generat.on and solidificat.on can be performed cont.nuously in a single pass by connect.ng membrane module wit. a downst.eam *** dispersion processes can be used for pro-duct.on of nanopart.cles such as nanovesicles(liposomes,micelles,et.osomes,and niosomes),nanogels,polymeric,lipid and met.llic nanopart.cles,and *** main advant.ges of membrane-assist.d part.cle generat.on are in low energy consumpt.on,cont.olled geomet.y and hydrodynamic condit.ons at.t.e microscale level,flexible t.roughput.due t. modular and scalable design of membrane devices,and a wide choice of available microporous membranes wit. various wall porosit.es,wet.a-bilit.es,pore sizes,and pore morphologies t. suit.different.applicat.ons.

关键词： Nanopart.cles Micropart.cles Nanoemulsions Microemulsions Microporous membrane Cryst.llisat.on Flash nanoprecipit.t.on Emulsificat.on Zero liquid discharge

Applying Source Paramet.r Imaging (SPI) t. Aeromagnet.c Dat. t. Est.mat. Dept. t. Magnet.c Sources in t.e Mamfe Sediment.ry Basin

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Int.rnat.onal Journal of Geosciences 2024年第1期15卷 1-11页

作者： Eric N. Ndikum Charles t. t.bod Depart.ent.of Physics HTTC Bambili The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon Depart.ent.of Fundament.l Sciences Higher Technical Teacher Training College (HTTTC) Bamenda Cameroon Depart.ent.of Physics University of Yaoundé 1 Yaoundé Cameroon Depart.ent.of Physics Faculty of Science The University of Bamenda Bamenda Cameroon

Aeromagnet.c dat. over t.e Mamfe Basin have been processed. A regional magnet.c gridded dat.set.was obt.ined from t.e t.t.l Magnet.c Int.nsit. (t.I) dat. grid using a 3 × 3 convolut.on (Hanning) filt.r t. remove regional t.ends. Major similarit.es in magnet.c field orient.t.on and int.nsit.es were observed at.ident.cal locat.ons on bot. t.e regional and t.I dat. grids. From t.e regional and t.I gridded dat.set., t.e residual dat.set.was generat.d which represent. t.e very shallow geological feat.res of t.e basin. Processing t.is residual dat. grid using t.e Source Paramet.r Imaging (SPI) for magnet.c dept. suggest. t.at.t.e est.mat.d dept.s t. magnet.c sources in t.e basin range from about.271 m t. 3552 m. t.e highest.dept.s are locat.d in t.o main locat.ons somewhere around t.e cent.al port.on of t.e st.dy area which correspond t. t.e area wit. posit.ve magnet.c suscept.bilit.es, as well as t.e areas ext.nding out.ards across t.e east.rn boundary of t.e st.dy area. Shallow magnet.c dept.s are prominent.t.wards t.e NW port.on of t.e basin and also correspond t. areas of negat.ve magnet.c suscept.bilit.es. t.e basin generally exhibit. a variat.on in dept. of magnet.c sources wit. high, average and shallow dept.s. t.e presence of int.usive igneous rocks was also observed in t.is basin. t.is charact.rist.c is a point.r t. t.e exist.nce of geologic resources of int.rest.for explorat.on in t.e basin.

关键词： Mamfe Basin Aeromagnet.c Dat. Source Paramet.r Imaging (SPI) Dept. t. Magnet.c Sources

t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D) and Bifurcat.on-Int.grat.on Solut.ons in Nonlinear Different.al Equat.ons wit. t.me-Dependent.Coefficient.

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Journal of Applied Mat.emat.cs and Physics 2024年第5期12卷 1733-1743页

作者： Hiroshi Uechi Lisa Uechi Schun t. Uechi Osaka Gakuin Universit. Suita Osaka Japan Beckman Research Inst.t.t. University of California Los Angeles USA Nozut. Machida-City Tokyo Japan

t.e new independent.solut.ons of t.e nonlinear different.al equat.on wit. t.me-dependent.coefficient. (NDE-t.) are discussed, for t.e first.t.me, by employing experiment.l device called a drinking bird whose simple back-and-fort. mot.on develops int. wat.r drinking mot.on. t.e solut.on t. a drinking bird equat.on of mot.on manifest. it.elf t.e t.ansit.on from t.ermodynamic equilibrium t. nonequilibrium irreversible st.t.s. t.e independent.solut.on signifying a nonequilibrium t.ermal st.t. seems t. be const.uct.d as if t.o independent.bifurcat.on solut.ons are synt.esized, and so, t.e solut.on is t.nt.t.vely t.rmed as t.e bifurcat.on-int.grat.on solut.on. t.e bifurcat.on-int.grat.on solut.on expresses t.e t.ansit.on from mechanical and t.ermodynamic equilibrium t. a nonequilibrium irreversible st.t., which is explicit.y shown by t.e nonlinear different.al equat.on wit. t.me-dependent.coefficient. (NDE-t.). t.e analysis est.blished a new t.eoret.cal approach t. nonequilibrium irreversible st.t.s, t.ermomechanical dynamics (t.D). t.e t.D met.od enables one t. obt.in t.ermodynamically consist.nt.and t.me-dependent.progresses of t.ermodynamic quant.t.es, by employing t.e bifurcat.on-int.grat.on solut.ons of NDE-t.. We hope t.at.t.e basic propert.es of bifurcat.on-int.grat.on solut.ons will be st.died and invest.gat.d furt.er in mat.emat.cs, physics, chemist.y and nonlinear sciences in general.

关键词： t.e Nonlinear Different.al Equat.on wit. t.me-Dependent.Coefficient. t.e Bifurcat.on-Int.grat.on Solut.on Nonequilibrium Irreversible St.t.s t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D)

t.e Applicat.on of t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D) t. t.ermoelect.ic Energy Generat.on by Employing a Low t.mperat.re St.rling Engine

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Journal of Applied Mat.emat.cs and Physics 2024年第9期12卷 3185-3207页

作者： Hiroshi Uechi Lisa Uechi Schun t. Uechi Osaka Gakuin Universit. Osaka Japan Universit. of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA Dat.-Scient.st Tokyo Japan

A t.ermoelect.ic generat.on St.rling engine (t.G-St.rling engine) is discussed by employing a low t.mperat.re St.rling engine and t.e dissipat.ve equat.on of mot.on derived from t.e met.od of t.ermomechanical dynamics (t.D). t.e result. and mechanism of axial flux elect.omagnet.c induct.on (AF-EMI) are applied t. a low t.mperat.re St.rling engine, result.ng in a t.G-St.rling engine. t.e met.od of t.D produced t.ermodynamically consist.nt.and t.me-dependent.physical quant.t.es for t.e first.t.me, such as int.rnal energy ℰ(t., t.ermodynamic work Wt.(t., t.e t.t.l ent.opy (heat.dissipat.on) Qd(t.and measure or t.mperat.re of a nonequilibrium st.t. t.(t.. t.e t.D analysis produced a light.eight.mechanical syst.m of t.G-St.rling engine which derives elect.ic power from wast. heat.of t.mperat.re (40˚Ct.00˚C) by a t.ermoelect.ic conversion met.od. An opt.mal low rot.t.onal speed about.30θ′(t./(2π)60(rpm) is found, applicable t. devices for sust.inable, clean energy t.chnologies. t.e st.bilit. of a t.ermal st.t. and angular rot.t.ons of t.G-St.rling engine are specifically shown by employing propert.es of nonequilibrium t.mperat.re t.(t., which is also applied t. st.dy opt.mal fuel-inject.on and combust.on t.mings of heat.engines.

关键词： t.ermoelect.ic Generat.on St.rling Engine (t.G-St.rling Engine) t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D) t.me-Dependent.Nonequilibrium t.mperat.re St.bilit. of Heat.Engines in a t.ermal St.t. Opt.mal Fuel-Inject.on and Combust.on t.mings

t.e Met.od of t.ermoelect.ic Energy Generat.ons Based on t.e Axial and Radial Flux Elect.omagnet.c Induct.ons*

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World Journal of Engineering and t.chnology 2024年第3期12卷 715-730页

作者： Hiroshi Uechi Lisa Uechi Schun t. Uechi Osaka Gakuin Universit. Osaka Japan Beckman Research Inst.t.t. University of California CA USA Dat.-Scient.st Tokyo Japan

t.e t.adit.onal t.ermoelect.ic energy conversion t.chniques are explained in det.il in t.rms of t.e axial flux elect.omagnet.c (AFE) and t.e radial flux elect.omagnet.c (RFE) induct.ons, and applicat.ons t. heat.engines for t.e energy-harvest.ng t.chnologies are discussed. t.e idea is induced by t.e analysis of t.ermomechanical dynamics (t.D) for a nonequilibrium irreversible t.ermodynamic syst.m of heat.engines (a drinking bird, a low t.mperat.re St.rling engine), result.ng in t.ermoelect.ic energy generat.on different.from convent.onal heat.engines. t.e mechanism of t.ermoelect.ic energy conversion can be cat.gorized as t.e axial flux generat.r (AFG) and t.e radial flux generat.r (RFG). t.e axial flux generat.r is helpful for low mechanoelect.ic energy conversion and act.vat.ons of wast. heat.from macroscopic energy generat.rs, such as wind, geot.ermal, t.ermal, nuclear power plant. and heat.dissipat.on lines, and t.e device cont.ibut.s t. solving environment.l problems t. maint.in clean and sust.inable energy as one of t.e energy harvest.ng t.chnologies.

关键词： Axial Flux and Radial Flux Generat.rs t.ermomechanical Dynamics (t.D) t.ermoelect.ic Energy Conversions

Variat.ons in Soil Organic Mat.er Cont.nt.in Cult.vat.d and Uncult.vat.d Calcareous Soils from t.e Medit.rranean Island of Malt. aft.r 15 Years of Cult.vat.on

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2024年第4期14卷 210-226页

作者： Ant.ony t. Sacco Marcelle Agius Clara Didier Inst.t.t. of Eart. Syst.ms Division of Rural Sciences and Food Systems University of Malta Msida Malta É cole Nationale Sup&#233rieure Agronomique de Toulouse Auzeville-Tolosane France

t.e soils of Malt. are calcareous and generally undeveloped. Organic mat.er (OM) in t.ese soils is low and farmers are const.nt.y urged t. increase it. t.e object.ve of t.is st.dy was t. evaluat. any t.mporal variat.on in soil OM aft.r 15 years of cult.vat.on, and det.rmine whet.er soil series, soil dept., and cult.vat.on influence variat.on. OM was det.rmined in t.e t.psoil and subsoil of 7 agricult.ral and 4 non-agricult.ral sit.s. t.e sit.s represent.d 7 different.soil series t.at.are present.on t.e island. In sampling periods 1 (t.= 0 years) and 2 (t.=15 years), t.e OM cont.nt.in t.e collect.ve (all soil series) bulk (t.psoil and subsoil) uncult.vat.d soil was 3.9 % and 3.8 % respect.vely. t.is was significant.y great.r t.an t.at.of t.e collect.ve bulk cult.vat.d soil (2.4% and 2.3%). t.e OM in t.e collect.ve uncult.vat.d t.psoil was 5.4% and 5.2% in periods 1 and 2 and was significant.y higher t.an t.at.of t.e cult.vat.d t.psoil (2.5% in bot. periods). t.e OM cont.nt.in t.e collect.ve uncult.vat.d subsoil was 2.3% and 2.5% in periods 1 and 2 respect.vely but.only t.at.measured in period 2 was significant.y higher t.an t.at.of t.e cult.vat.d subsoil (2.2% in bot. periods). On an individual soil series basis, t.e OM in t.e uncult.vat.d t.psoils was significant.y higher t.an t.at.of t.eir cult.vat.d count.rpart.. t.e differences in t.e subsoils were not.significant. Across t.e uncult.vat.d soil series, OM was significant.y higher in t.e t.psoil t.an in t.e subsoil but.in t.e cult.vat.d soil series t.e differences bet.een t.psoil and subsoil were not.significant. t.ere was no significant.difference in OM bet.een t.e uncult.vat.d soils of different.series, but.in t.e cult.vat.d t.e OM cont.nt.was higher in soils t.at.were more mat.re. Aft.r 15 years, no significant.change in OM occurred in bot. t.e collect.ve cult.vat.d and uncult.vat.d bulk soils, t.e collect.ve t.psoil and subsoil, and in most.of t.e individual series. t.e OM cont.nt.of each soil series was also s

关键词： Soil Organic Carbon Agricult.ral Land Non-Agricult.ral Land Land Management

Modified At.ospheric Packaging and It. Effect.on Post.arvest.Cannabis Qualit.

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American Journal of Plant.Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 222-234页

作者： Luke L. MacLaughlin Mason t. MacDonald Depart.ent.of Plant Food and Environmental Sciences Faculty of Agriculture Dalhousie University Halifax NS Canada

Cannabis sat.va L. is used as fiber, food, and medicine in several count.ies. t.ough it.is illegal for recreat.onal use in most.of t.e world, t.ere are some count.ies t.at.have legalized product.on and sale. t.ere is a lot.of research on product.on of cannabis, but.less so on st.rage t.chnologies. Cannabis cont.ins several high value compounds, such as cannabinoids and t.rpenoids, t.at.are suscept.ble t. degradat.on via light. t.mperat.re, and oxygen. Several st.dies have explored t.mperat.re and light. and indust.y has adjust.d accordingly. However, less is known about.oxygen-induced degradat.on. Biochemical st.dies have demonst.at.d oxidat.ve degradat.on of high value compounds, and many producers use some form of modified at.ospheric packaging (MAP) for st.rage. However, t.e efficacy of MAP is unclear. t.e object.ve of t.is paper is t. review our current.underst.nding of MAP in post.arvest.cannabis st.rage and ident.fy avenues where addit.onal research is needed.

关键词： Cannabinoids Cannabis sat.va Marijuana Nit.ogen Packaging Oxidat.on Post.arvest t.rpenoids t.C