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黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪皮肤抗菌肽最早表达时间的确定

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野生动物学报 2020年第4期41卷 1000-1008页

作者： martina opalin 王情马跃王碧霄郭策徐艳春东北林业大学野生动物与自然保护地学院哈尔滨150040 国家林业和草原局野生动植物检测中心哈尔滨150040 国家林业和草原局野生动物保护与利用工程技术研究中心哈尔滨150040

两栖类动物的胚胎和蝌蚪期体表包被着由黏蛋白构成的胶体屏障,使其免受环境微生物的侵袭。这层屏障随着蝌蚪的发育逐渐变薄,保护作用逐渐减弱。与此同时,皮肤开始分泌抗菌肽作为补偿。但是,蝌蚪最早在哪个发育阶段开始分泌抗菌肽尚不清楚。为了回答这一问题,本研究以东北地区黑斑侧褶蛙(Pelophylax nigromaculatus)蝌蚪为对象,研究了各个发育时期皮肤组织结构的变化和抗菌肽的表达情况,结果显示,在蝌蚪孵化之后,皮肤仅由1—2层细胞构成,大量的巨型细胞分泌黏液和微小色素颗粒;随着发育进程,皮肤表皮层逐渐加厚,到T3期(Gosner 26期)之后疏松层和致密层均开始加厚,并出现简单的颗粒腺和黏液腺。也是从这一时期皮肤开始表达抗菌肽。到T4期(Gosner 27—45期)和幼蛙期已经具备了成年蛙近似的皮肤结构和抗菌肽合成功能,形成了完备的先天免疫屏障。这些结果表明,蝌蚪皮肤免疫必须从物理屏障转换为化学屏障才能保证其生存和成功登陆,任何影响这一转换过程的因素都会通过扰动其免疫能力而影响其生存力,这为深入理解气候变化或环境污染等生态背景下两栖类种群波动的机制提供新的视角。

关键词：黑斑侧褶蛙蝌蚪抗菌肽

Drivers for Inter-city Innovation Networks Across Chinese Cities:Modelling Physical Versus Intangible Effects

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第4期34卷 706-721页

作者： GAO Yujie SCHERNGELL Thomas NEULÄNDTNER martina School of Applied Economics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Center for Innovation Systems&Policy Austrian Institute of TechnologyVienna 1210Austria

Cross-region innovation is widely recognized as an important source of the long-term regional innovation *** the recent past,a growing number of studies has investigated the network structure and mechanisms of cross-region innovation collaboration in various ***,existing research mainly focuses on physical effects,such as geographical distance and high-speed railway *** studies ignore the intangible drivers in a changing environment,the more digitalized economy and the increasingly solidified innovation network ***,the focus of this study is on estimating determinants of innovation networks,especially on intangible drivers,which have been largely neglected so *** city-level data of Chinese patents(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Province of China),we trace innovation networks across Chinese cities over a long period of *** integrating a measure on Information and Communications Technology(ICT)development gap and network structural effects into the general proximity framework,this paper explores the changing mechanisms of Chinese innovation networks from a new *** results show that the structure of cross-region innovation networks has changed in *** mechanisms behind this development,the results confirm the increasingly important role of intangible drivers in Chinese inter-city innovation collaboration when controlling for effects of physical proximity,such as geographical *** digitalization and coordinated development are the mainstream trends in China and other developing countries,these countries'inter-city innovation collaboration patterns will witness dramatic changes under the influence of intangible drivers.

关键词： inter-city innovation network co-patents information and communications technology development network structural effect spatial interaction model China

Social networks of reintroduced Przewalski's horses in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (Mongolia)

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 182-194页

作者： Anna Bernatkova Ganbaatar Oyunsaikhan Jaroslav Simek martina Komarkova Francisco Ceacero Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences PragueCzech Republic Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area Takhin TalMongolia Zoo Praha U Trojského zamku 120/3PragueCzech Republic

Analyzing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social *** most studies focus on the role of each group member,few compare groups with different *** current population of Przewalski's horses Equus ferus przewalskii at the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area(Mongolia)includes groups of wild-born and captive-bred individuals with different experiences with the area(acclimatizing,long-term reintroduced,and wild-born),therefore serving as an ideal natural behavioral *** filmed 11 groups for 141.5 hours in summer 2018(July),late spring 2019(May,June),and autumn 2019(September,October).Affiliative and agonistic interactions were recorded,and social networks were *** tested the influence of origin,experience,season,sex,age,relative time belonging to the group,relat-edness,and dominance rank on different network indices at the individual and group *** found that groups with greater experience in the area are generally better connected than members of the newly formed ***,these strong networks were created by wild-born individuals with very low interaction *** the contrary,inexperienced groups composed of captive-bred individuals displayed many inter actions but created weak social *** results show a trend of behavioral transition from acclimatizing through long-term reintroduced to wild-born groups,supporting that the newly formed groups of released Przewalski's horses need time to display the typical social behavior patterns of wild-born ***-term monitoring of released Przewalski's horses is recommended to promote the success of this reintroduction program.

关键词： Przewalski's horses reintroduction social behavior soft-release.

Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek Mejstrík Martin Svatek martina Pollastrini Martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and *** trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting *** both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional ***,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly *** address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest *** were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per *** trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years *** addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was *** assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric ***-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual *** multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species *** and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed *** formed on average97.1%of

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

Role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1058-1068页

作者： martina Locatelli Cinthia Farina Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly Vita-Salute San Raffaele University MilanItaly

Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous *** copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple *** review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper ***,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.

关键词： astrocytes central nervous system copper cuprizone multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegenerative disorders

Root overlap and allocation of above- and belowground growth of European beech in pure and mixed stands of Douglas fir and Norway spruce

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第5期11卷 591-602页

作者： Amani S.Lwila Christian Ammer Oliver Gailing Ludger Leinemann martina Mun Department of Silviculture&Forest Ecology of the Temperate Zones University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Center for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-Use University of GöttingenBüsgenweg 137077GöttingenGermany Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest EcologyUniversity of GöttingenBüsgenweg 237077GöttingenGermany Forestry Research and Competence Centre Gotha Jägerstraße 1D-99867Germany

Site conditions and species identity have a combined effect on fine root growth of trees in pure and mixed ***,mechanisms that may contribute to this effect are rarely studied,even though they are essential to assess the potential of species to cope with climate *** study examined fine root overlap and the linkage between fine root and stem growth of European beech(Fagus sylvatica)growing in pure and mixed stands with Douglas fir(Pseudotsuga menziesii)or Norway spruce(Picea abies)at two different study sites in northwestern *** study sites represented substantially different soil and climate *** each site,three stands,and at each stand,three pairs of trees were *** the pure beech stand,the pairs consisted of two beech trees,while in the mixed stands each pair was composed of a beech tree and a *** each pair,three evenly spaced soil cores were taken monthly throughout the growing *** the pure beech stands,microsatellite markers were used to assign the fine roots to individual *** in stem diameter of beech were quantified and then upscaled to aboveground wood productivity with automatic high-resolution circumference *** found that fine root overlap between neighboring trees varied independently of the distance between the paired trees or the stand types(pure versus mixed stands),indicating that there was no territorial *** wood productivity(wood NPP)and fine root productivity(root NPP)showed similar unimodal seasonal patterns,peaking in ***,this pattern was more distinct for root NPP,and root NPP started earlier and lasted longer than wood *** influence of site conditions on the variation in wood and root NPP of beech was stronger than that of stand *** NPP was,as expected,higher at the richer site than at the poorer *** contrast,root NPP was higher at the poorer than at the richer *** concluded that beech can respond to limited resources

关键词： Fine root growth Stem growth Trade-off Cost-benefit ratio Belowground territoriality Conspecific neighbors Heterospecific neighbors

The first record of a Konservat-Lagerstätten in which early post-settlement stages of fossil archaeobalanids(Cirripedia:Balanomorpha)are preserved

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 200-223页

作者： Tomáš KOCÍ Rok GAŠPARIC John BUCKERIDGE martina KOCOVÁ VESELSKÁ Aleš ŠOSTER Ivancická581 PragueCzech Republic Palaeontological Department Natural History MuseumNational MuseumPragueCzech Republic Oertijdmuseum Bosscheweg 80Boxtel5293 WBThe Netherlands Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution Novi TrgKamnikSlovenia Earth and Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Museums Victoria CarltonVictoriaAustralia Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is *** includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove *** represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post *** assessment of their taphonomy is *** adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,Carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean *** barnacles include ***,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the *** retains some of the original shell *** is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and *** paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.

关键词： acorn barnacles barnacle metamorphosis epibiont paleoecology taxonomy

Urbanization does not affect red foxes’interest in anthropogenic food,but increases their initial cautiousness

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 394-405页

作者： martina Lazzaroni Rudy Brogi Valentina Napolitano Marco Apollonio Friederike Range Sarah Marshall-Pescini Domestication Laboratory Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly

Human presence and activities have profoundly altered animals’habitats,exposing them to greater risks but also providing new opportunities and *** animals’capacity to effectively navigate and strike a balance between risks and benefts is crucial for their survival in the Anthropocene *** foxes(Vulpes vulpes),adept urban dwellers,exhibit behavioral plasticity in human-altered *** investigated variations in detection frequency on trail cameras and the behavioral responses(explorative,bold,and fearful)of wild red foxes living along an urbanization gradient when exposed to a metal bin initially presented clean and then flled with anthropogenic *** fox populations displayed an increased interest and similar explorative behavioral responses toward the anthropogenic food source,irrespective of the urbanization *** no impact on explorative behaviors,foxes in more urbanized areas initially showed heightened fear toward the empty bin,indicating increased apprehension toward novel ***,this fear diminished over time,and in the presence of food,urban foxes displayed slightly reduced fear compared with their less urban *** results highlight foxes’potential for adaptability to human landscapes,additionally underscoring the nuanced interplay of fear and explorative behavioral response of populations living along the urbanization gradient.

关键词： anthropization bold explorative fearful human footprint Vulpes vulpes

Middle Eocene chondrichthyan fauna from Antarctic Peninsula housed in the Museo de La Plata,Argentina

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 14-47页

作者： martina CHARNELLI Soledad GOUIRIC-CAVALLI Marcelo A.REGUERO Alberto L.CIONE Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(ANPCyT) Godoy Cruz 2370Argentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/nLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata(FCNyM) Universidad Nacional de La Plata(UNLP)La Plata CP 1900Argentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) General San Martín B1650HMKArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

In recent years,the taxonomy and systematics of the cartilaginous fish taxa from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour(Marambio)Island,Antarctica have been extensively discussed in a series of papers,resulting in a complete revision of the Antarctic Eocene ichthyofauna housed in the Vertebrate Paleontology collection of the Museo de La Plata,*** collection constitutes one of the largest and taxonomically most diverse in the world,with approximately 20000 specimens,which provides a solid database used for the analysis of qualitative and quantitative chondrichthyan taxonomic *** information provided herein might be useful to understand the sudden decline in chondrichthyan taxonomic diversity towards the top of La Meseta Formation as well as its potential relationship with environmental changes during the Eocene.

关键词： Gondwana Antarctica Paleogene ichthyofauna Seymour(Marambio)Island

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