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Measurements of 5-FU Plasma Concentrations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancer: 5-FU Levels Reflect the 5-FU Dose Applied

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Journal of Cancer Therapy 2012年第1期3卷 28-36页

作者： martina blaschke Jutta Blumberg Ulrike Wegner Martin Nischwitz Giuliano Ramadori Silke Cameron Department of Gastroenterology and Endocrinology University Medicine GottingenGottingenGermany.

Introduction: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumors. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are not specific to the 5-FU component of the chemotherapy-combination, i.e. neutropenia, diarrhea or cardiotoxicity, the knowledge of 5-FU serum levels might help to attribute these side effects to the 5-FU compound. The optimal concentration-range (AUC, area under the curve) has been described to be within 20-25 mgh/l. The aim of this study was to analyse the intra- and interindividual variability of 5-FU AUC-levels in patients with 5-FU infusion therapy. Methods: 230 blood samples were obtained from 31 different gastrointestinal cancer patients (esophagus (8), stomach (10), ileum (1), colorectum (12)) treated with 5-FU-infusional regimes, based on a 24- or 48-hour AIO treatment-schedule. 5-FU plasma concentrations were measured using an immunolinked Elisa assay (Saladax 5-FU PCMTM). Intra- and interindividual differences were analysed before (0 h;n = 115), at 2 - 3 hours after the start of infusional 5-FU treatment (n = 19) (early sampling) and towards the end of the infusion (n = 96) (late sampling). Results: Early blood sampling resulted in low 5-FU plasma concentrations (541 ± 127 g/ml) due to saline prefilling (2 - 3 ml) of the Baxter pump. Blood sampling at the later time-point resulted in reproducible values (971 ± 81 ng/ml). 5-FU concentrations were dose-dependent with low intra- and interindividual variability. However, care has to be taken, as the results can be influenced by inaccurate blood sampling: too early or late sampling (when the folfusor-pump is empty), delayed centrifugation of the tube or hemolysis. Conclusions: With critical analysis of the measurements and correct performance of blood sampling, the measurement of 5-FU plasma concentrations with the immunoassay may in the future allow to optimize 5-FU dosing and to identify the cause

关键词： 5-FU Plasma Concentration Immunolinked Elisa Assay

Drivers for Inter-city Innovation Networks Across Chinese Cities:Modelling Physical Versus Intangible Effects

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Chinese Geographical Science 2024年第4期34卷 706-721页

作者： GAO Yujie SCHERNGELL Thomas NEULÄNDTNER martina School of Applied Economics Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Center for Innovation Systems&Policy Austrian Institute of TechnologyVienna 1210Austria

Cross-region innovation is widely recognized as an important source of the long-term regional innovation *** the recent past,a growing number of studies has investigated the network structure and mechanisms of cross-region innovation collaboration in various ***,existing research mainly focuses on physical effects,such as geographical distance and high-speed railway *** studies ignore the intangible drivers in a changing environment,the more digitalized economy and the increasingly solidified innovation network ***,the focus of this study is on estimating determinants of innovation networks,especially on intangible drivers,which have been largely neglected so *** city-level data of Chinese patents(excluding Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan Province of China),we trace innovation networks across Chinese cities over a long period of *** integrating a measure on Information and Communications Technology(ICT)development gap and network structural effects into the general proximity framework,this paper explores the changing mechanisms of Chinese innovation networks from a new *** results show that the structure of cross-region innovation networks has changed in *** mechanisms behind this development,the results confirm the increasingly important role of intangible drivers in Chinese inter-city innovation collaboration when controlling for effects of physical proximity,such as geographical *** digitalization and coordinated development are the mainstream trends in China and other developing countries,these countries'inter-city innovation collaboration patterns will witness dramatic changes under the influence of intangible drivers.

关键词： inter-city innovation network co-patents information and communications technology development network structural effect spatial interaction model China

Social networks of reintroduced Przewalski's horses in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (Mongolia)

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 182-194页

作者： Anna Bernatkova Ganbaatar Oyunsaikhan Jaroslav Simek martina Komarkova Francisco Ceacero Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences PragueCzech Republic Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area Takhin TalMongolia Zoo Praha U Trojského zamku 120/3PragueCzech Republic

Analyzing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social *** most studies focus on the role of each group member,few compare groups with different *** current population of Przewalski's horses Equus ferus przewalskii at the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area(Mongolia)includes groups of wild-born and captive-bred individuals with different experiences with the area(acclimatizing,long-term reintroduced,and wild-born),therefore serving as an ideal natural behavioral *** filmed 11 groups for 141.5 hours in summer 2018(July),late spring 2019(May,June),and autumn 2019(September,October).Affiliative and agonistic interactions were recorded,and social networks were *** tested the influence of origin,experience,season,sex,age,relative time belonging to the group,relat-edness,and dominance rank on different network indices at the individual and group *** found that groups with greater experience in the area are generally better connected than members of the newly formed ***,these strong networks were created by wild-born individuals with very low interaction *** the contrary,inexperienced groups composed of captive-bred individuals displayed many inter actions but created weak social *** results show a trend of behavioral transition from acclimatizing through long-term reintroduced to wild-born groups,supporting that the newly formed groups of released Przewalski's horses need time to display the typical social behavior patterns of wild-born ***-term monitoring of released Przewalski's horses is recommended to promote the success of this reintroduction program.

关键词： Przewalski's horses reintroduction social behavior soft-release.

Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek Mejstrík Martin Svatek martina Pollastrini Martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and *** trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting *** both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional ***,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly *** address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest *** were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per *** trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years *** addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was *** assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric ***-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual *** multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species *** and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed *** formed on average97.1%of

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

Role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1058-1068页

作者： martina Locatelli Cinthia Farina Institute of Experimental Neurology Division of NeuroscienceIstituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico(IRCCS)San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly Vita-Salute San Raffaele University MilanItaly

Copper is a transition metal and an essential element for the organism,as alterations in its homeostasis leading to metal accumulation or deficiency have pathological effects in several organs,including the central nervous *** copper dysregulations have been evidenced in two genetic disorders characterized by mutations in the copper-ATPases ATP7A and ATP7B,Menkes disease and Wilson’s disease,respectively,and also in multifactorial neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis,and multiple *** review summarizes current knowledge about the role of copper in central nervous system physiology and pathology,reports about unbalances in copper levels and/or distribution under disease,describes relevant animal models for human disorders where copper metabolism genes are dysregulated,and discusses relevant therapeutic approaches modulating copper ***,alterations in copper metabolism may contribute to the etiology of central nervous system disorders and represent relevant therapeutic targets to restore tissue homeostasis.

关键词： astrocytes central nervous system copper cuprizone multiple sclerosis myelin neurodegenerative disorders

The first record of a Konservat-Lagerstätten in which early post-settlement stages of fossil archaeobalanids(Cirripedia:Balanomorpha)are preserved

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 200-223页

作者： Tomáš KOCÍ Rok GAŠPARIC John BUCKERIDGE martina KOCOVÁ VESELSKÁ Aleš ŠOSTER Ivancická581 PragueCzech Republic Palaeontological Department Natural History MuseumNational MuseumPragueCzech Republic Oertijdmuseum Bosscheweg 80Boxtel5293 WBThe Netherlands Institute for Palaeobiology and Evolution Novi TrgKamnikSlovenia Earth and Oceanic Systems Group RMIT UniversityMelbourneAustralia Museums Victoria CarltonVictoriaAustralia Department of Paleobiology and Paleoecology Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Charles UniversityPragueCzech Republic Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering University of LjubljanaLjubljanaSlovenia

A diverse sessile barnacle fauna from a Miocene shallow-water deposit at Dolnja Stara vas in Slovenia is *** includes the first descriptions of early post settlement juveniles of Actinobalanus sloveniensis attached to mangrove *** represent three distinct growth phases,the earliest being interpreted as being less than 24 h post settlement,the others being 1 to 2 days post *** assessment of their taphonomy is *** adult balanomorphs are attached to a variety of organic substrates,including mangrove leaves and branches,fragments of the conifers?Taxodioxylon,Carapoxylon,pine cones,molluscs,and cetacean *** barnacles include ***,Amphibalanus venustus,and Perforatus perforatus—many with opercula retained within the *** retains some of the original shell *** is the second record of barnacle–plant associations from the Central Paratethys from Kamnik and *** paleoecology and paleogeography of the site are discussed.

关键词： acorn barnacles barnacle metamorphosis epibiont paleoecology taxonomy

Urbanization does not affect red foxes’interest in anthropogenic food,but increases their initial cautiousness

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 394-405页

作者： martina Lazzaroni Rudy Brogi Valentina Napolitano Marco Apollonio Friederike Range Sarah Marshall-Pescini Domestication Laboratory Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly

Human presence and activities have profoundly altered animals’habitats,exposing them to greater risks but also providing new opportunities and *** animals’capacity to effectively navigate and strike a balance between risks and benefts is crucial for their survival in the Anthropocene *** foxes(Vulpes vulpes),adept urban dwellers,exhibit behavioral plasticity in human-altered *** investigated variations in detection frequency on trail cameras and the behavioral responses(explorative,bold,and fearful)of wild red foxes living along an urbanization gradient when exposed to a metal bin initially presented clean and then flled with anthropogenic *** fox populations displayed an increased interest and similar explorative behavioral responses toward the anthropogenic food source,irrespective of the urbanization *** no impact on explorative behaviors,foxes in more urbanized areas initially showed heightened fear toward the empty bin,indicating increased apprehension toward novel ***,this fear diminished over time,and in the presence of food,urban foxes displayed slightly reduced fear compared with their less urban *** results highlight foxes’potential for adaptability to human landscapes,additionally underscoring the nuanced interplay of fear and explorative behavioral response of populations living along the urbanization gradient.

关键词： anthropization bold explorative fearful human footprint Vulpes vulpes

Middle Eocene chondrichthyan fauna from Antarctic Peninsula housed in the Museo de La Plata,Argentina

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 14-47页

作者： martina CHARNELLI Soledad GOUIRIC-CAVALLI Marcelo A.REGUERO Alberto L.CIONE Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica(ANPCyT) Godoy Cruz 2370Argentina División Paleontología Vertebrados Museo de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/nLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo de La Plata(FCNyM) Universidad Nacional de La Plata(UNLP)La Plata CP 1900Argentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) General San Martín B1650HMKArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina

In recent years,the taxonomy and systematics of the cartilaginous fish taxa from the Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour(Marambio)Island,Antarctica have been extensively discussed in a series of papers,resulting in a complete revision of the Antarctic Eocene ichthyofauna housed in the Vertebrate Paleontology collection of the Museo de La Plata,*** collection constitutes one of the largest and taxonomically most diverse in the world,with approximately 20000 specimens,which provides a solid database used for the analysis of qualitative and quantitative chondrichthyan taxonomic *** information provided herein might be useful to understand the sudden decline in chondrichthyan taxonomic diversity towards the top of La Meseta Formation as well as its potential relationship with environmental changes during the Eocene.

关键词： Gondwana Antarctica Paleogene ichthyofauna Seymour(Marambio)Island

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Tribological behavior of shape-specific microplate-enriched synovial fluids on a linear two-axis tribometer

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Friction 2024年第3期12卷 539-553页

作者： Agnese FRAGASSI Antonietta GRECO martina DI FRANCESCO Luca CESERACCIU Aiman ABU AMMAR Israel DVIR Thomas Lee MOORE Haytam KASEM Paolo DECUZZI Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine Fondazione Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry University of GenovaGenoa 16146Italy Materials Characterization Facility Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova 16163Italy Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel Department of Mechanical Engineering Azrieli College of Engineering JerusalemJerusalem 9103501Israel

Nano-and micro-particles are being increasingly used to tune interfacial frictional properties in diverse applications,from friction modifiers in industrial lubrication to enhanced biological fluids in human osteoarthritic ***,we assessed the tribological properties of a simulated synovial fluid enriched with non-spherical,poly lactic-co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microparticles(μPL)that have been previously demonstrated for the pharmacological management of osteoarthritis(OA).Three different μPL configurations were fabricated presenting a 20μm×20μm square base and a thickness of 5μm(thin,5H μPL),10μm(10H μPL),and 20μm(cubical,20H μPL).After extensive morphological and physicochemical characterizations,the apparent Young’s modulus of the μPL was quantified under compressive loading returning an average value of~6 kPa,independently of the particle ***,using a linear two-axis tribometer,the static(μ_(s))and dynamic(μ_(d))friction coefficients of the μPL-enriched simulated synovial fluid were determined in terms of particle configuration and concentration,varying from 0(fluid only)to 6×10^(5) μPL/*** particle morphology had a modest influence on friction,possibly because the μPL were fully squeezed between two mating surfaces by a 5.8 N normal load realizing boundary-like lubrication ***,friction was observed to depend on the dimensionless parameterW,defined as the ratio between the total volume of the μPL enriching the simulated synovial fluid and the volume of the fluid *** coefficients of friction were documented to grow withWreaching a plateau of μ_(s)~0.4 and μ_(d)~0.15,already at Ω~2×10^(-3).Future investigations will have to systematically analyze the effect of sliding velocity,normal load,and rigidity of the mating surfaces to elucidate in full the tribological behavior of μPL in the context of osteoarthritis.

关键词： osteoarthritis microparticles tribology synovial fluid pin on plate