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Patterns of grassland invasions by trees: insights from demographic and genetic spatial analyses

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 468-479页

作者： martin.dovčiak Richard Hrivnák Karol Ujházy Dušan Gömöry State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry(SUNY ESF)1 Forestry DriveSyracuseNY 13210USA Institute of Botany Slovak Academy of SciencesDúbravskácesta 9Bratislava 84523Slovakia Technical University in Zvolen Faculty of ForestryT.G.Masaryka 24Zvolen 96053Slovakia

Aims Woody invasions into grasslands have increased globally due to changing land use,climate and introduced woody species,but spatial processes generating and sustaining these invasions are not well *** gain insight into the patterns of spread of tree populations within grasslands,and to propose a full spatial analytical toolbox for studying native and non-native woody spe-cies spread when long-term data are not available,we tested if 50 years of grassland invasion in Western Carpathians by Norway spruce(Picea abies Karst.)proceeded by one of the two tradi-tionally competing hypotheses of species spread:(i)by frontier expansion,or(ii)by advanced groups established ahead of the population *** also tested whether the pattern of invasion changed over *** We analyzed the spatial demographic and genetic patterns of a Norway spruce population invading a Western Carpathian grass-land using ripley’s L(t)and genetic kinship coefficients(Fij).We mapped and genotyped spruce trees across the invasion front(from the invasion leading edge to fully colonized grassland near the source population)using three demographic classes(adults,juve-niles and seedlings)to approximate the temporal aspects of the *** studied how the spatial patterns of invasion by indi-vidual demographic classes and their genetic kinship varied among adjacent plots established at different distances from the source population(ranging from 0 to 160 m,in 40-m distance increments).Important Findings Juveniles were positively genetically related to adults on fine scales(<4 m),suggesting that adults within the grassland acted as a seed source and accelerated early ***,adults did not act as nucleation centers for the formation of advanced juvenile ***,geneti-cally unrelated juveniles formed groups independently of *** groups were small and separate at the leading edge but they increased in size and graded into a continuous zone near the source popul

关键词： genetic spatial structure mountain meadows point pattern analysis population structure secondary succession

A“taxonomic affidavit”:Why it is needed?

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第2期2卷 57-59页

作者： Francis dov POR The Scientific Collections of Natural History Life Science InstituteHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael

Imprecise and faulty taxonomic identification of the biological objects of many ecological and experimental studies renders these studies *** identification to the species level and excessive use of vernacular species names are additional *** science must be able to be falsified.I recommend that publications and granting agencies use and mention the names of the zoologists or botanists who identified the *** specimens should be marked and deposited in scientific museums for future checking.

关键词： identification replicability taxonomic services vernacular names voucher specimens

The actuality of Lamarck: towards the bicentenary of his Philosophie Zoologique

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Integrative Zoology 2006年第1期1卷 48-52页

作者： Francis dov POR Hebrew University of Jerusalem JerusalemIsrael

Lamarck,a son of the age of natural philosophy and revolutionary ideas,turned to zoology,the field in which he made his major impact,in his old *** then,the world had already shifted towards a different intellectual atmosphere and,due to this anachronism,he was snubbed and even ridiculed by the mainstream *** his basic ideas about the active role of organisms in and the progressive unraveling of evolution stubbornly survived along the academic fringes and,more importantly,among the humanistic *** developments in genetic inheritance,embryology,immunology and behavioral studies vindicate,at least in part,the 200-year-old vision of Lamarck.

关键词： Lamarck new genetics progressive evolution role of behavior

Image resizing by reconstruction from deep features

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Computational Visual Media 2021年第4期7卷 453-466页

作者： dov Danon Moab Arar Daniel Cohen-Or Ariel Shamir Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv69978Israel The Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya Herzliya4610101

Traditional image resizing methods usually work in pixel space and use various saliency *** challenge is to adjust the image shape while trying to preserve important *** this paper we perform image resizing in feature space using the deep layers of a neural network containing rich important semantic *** directly adjust the image feature maps,extracted from a pre-trained classification network,and reconstruct the resized image using neuralnetwork based *** novel approach leverages the hierarchical encoding of the network,and in particular,the high-level discriminative power of its deeper layers,that can recognize semantic regions and objects,thereby allowing maintenance of their aspect *** use of reconstruction from deep features results in less noticeable artifacts than use of imagespace resizing *** evaluate our method on benchmarks,compare it to alternative approaches,and demonstrate its strengths on challenging images.

关键词： image retargeting reconstruction deep seam carving image resizing

Unsupervised natural image patch learning

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Computational Visual Media 2019年第3期5卷 229-237页

作者： dov Danon Hadar Averbuch-Elor Ohad Fried Daniel Cohen-Or Tel-Aviv University Tel Aviv 6997801Israel Stanford University StanfordCA 94305USA

A metric for natural image patches is an important tool for analyzing images. An efficient means of learning one is to train a deep network to map an image patch to a vector space, in which the Euclidean distance reflects patch similarity. Previous attempts learned such an embedding in a supervised manner,requiring the availability of many annotated images. In this paper, we present an unsupervised embedding of natural image patches, avoiding the need for annotated images. The key idea is that the similarity of two patches can be learned from the prevalence of their spatial proximity in natural images. Clearly, relying on this simple principle, many spatially nearby pairs are outliers. However, as we show, these outliers do not harm the convergence of the metric learning. We show that our unsupervised embedding approach is more effective than a supervised one or one that uses deep patch representations. Moreover, we show that it naturally lends itself to an efficient self-supervised domain adaptation technique onto a target domain that contains a common foreground object.

关键词： unsupervised learning metric learning

亚麻酸处理对苹果果实愈伤的促进作用及相关机理

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食品科学 2022年第23期43卷 239-245页

作者：贾菊艳李宝军王斌余丽蓉赵诗佳毕阳 dov PRUSKY 甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院甘肃兰州730070 以色列农业研究组织农产品采后科学部以色列里雄莱锡安7505101

目的:研究亚麻酸(linolenic acid,LA)对苹果果实采后愈伤的影响,探讨相关生化机理。方法:用1 mmol/L LA浸泡处理模拟损伤的‘富士’苹果果实,以含微量乙醇的无菌水处理为对照,通过测定苹果病情指数和质量损失率评价LA的愈伤效果,并分析... 详细信息

目的:研究亚麻酸(linolenic acid,LA)对苹果果实采后愈伤的影响,探讨相关生化机理。方法:用1 mmol/L LA浸泡处理模拟损伤的‘富士’苹果果实,以含微量乙醇的无菌水处理为对照,通过测定苹果病情指数和质量损失率评价LA的愈伤效果,并分析果实伤口处苯丙烷代谢关键酶活力及代谢产物含量,以及H_(2)O_(2)含量和过氧化物酶活力。结果:与对照组相比,LA处理降低了愈伤期间损伤果实的质量损失率和损伤接种果实的病情指数;此外,LA处理提高了果实伤口处4种苯丙烷代谢关键酶(苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶、4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶和肉桂醇脱氢酶)的活力,增加了4种酚酸(芥子酸、阿魏酸、肉桂酸和咖啡酸)、3种木质素单体(松柏醇、肉桂醇和芥子醇)以及总酚、类黄酮和木质素的含量;处理果实伤口处的H_(2)O_(2)含量和过氧化物酶活力也明显提高。结论:LA可通过激活苯丙烷代谢、提高H_(2)O_(2)含量和过氧化物酶活性来促进苹果果实愈伤。

关键词：苹果亚麻酸愈伤苯丙烷代谢 H_(2)O_(2) 过氧化物酶

Effect of different lens status on intraocular pressure elevation in patients treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor injections

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2020年第1期13卷 79-84页

作者： Amir Sternfeld Rita Ehrlich dov Weinberger Assaf Dotan Department of Ophthalmology Rabin Medical Center Beilinson HospitalPetach Tikva 4941402Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine Tel Aviv UniversityRamat AvivTel Aviv 6997801Israel

AIM: To assess the effect of lens status on sustained intraocular pressure(IOP) elevation in patients treated intravitreally with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) agents. METHODS: Data were retrospectively collected for all patients treated with intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF medication at a tertiary medical center in July 2015. Findings were analyzed by lens status during 6 months' follow-up. The main outcome measure was a sustained increase in IOP(≥21 mm Hg or change of ≥6 mm Hg from baseline on ≥2 consecutive visits, or addition of a new IOPlowering medication during follow-up). RESULTS: A total of 119 eyes of 100 patients met the study criteria: 40 phakic, 40 pseudophakic, and 39 pseudophakic after Nd:YAG capsulotomy. The rate of sustained IOP elevation was significantly higher in the postcapsulotomy group(23.1%) than in the phakic/pseudophakic groups(8.1%;P=0.032), with no statistically significant differences among the 3 groups in mean number of injections, either total(P=0.82) or by type of anti-VEGF mediation(bevacizumab: P=0.19;ranibizumab: P=0.13), or mean follow-up time(P=0.70). CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG capsulotomy appears to be a risk factor for sustained IOP elevation in patients receiving intravitreal anti-VEGF injections. This finding has important implications given the growing use of anti-VEGF treatment and the irreversible effects of elevated IOP.

关键词： anti-VEGF injections cataract surgery intraocular pressure Nd:YAG capsulotomy

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热水处理促进胡萝卜的愈伤

食品科学 2022年第7期43卷 182-190页

作者：孔蕊柴秀伟梁伟朱亚同李宝军李永才毕阳 Prusky dov 甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院甘肃兰州730070 农业研究组织新鲜农产品采后科学部以色列里雄莱锡安7505101

目的:研究热水处理对胡萝卜伤口处聚酚软木脂及木质素积累的影响及相关机制。方法:用45℃热水浸泡人工损伤的胡萝卜直根5 min,测定损伤胡萝卜愈伤期间的质量损失率和损伤接种Botrytis cinerea后的病情指数,观察伤口处聚酚软木脂和木质... 详细信息

目的:研究热水处理对胡萝卜伤口处聚酚软木脂及木质素积累的影响及相关机制。方法:用45℃热水浸泡人工损伤的胡萝卜直根5 min,测定损伤胡萝卜愈伤期间的质量损失率和损伤接种Botrytis cinerea后的病情指数,观察伤口处聚酚软木脂和木质素的积累,测定伤口处苯丙烷代谢相关酶和过氧化物酶活力,以及苯丙烷代谢产物和H_(2)O_(2)含量。结果:热水处理显著降低了胡萝卜愈伤期间的质量损失率和病情指数(P<0.05),第5天时,处理组的质量损失率低于对照组21%,第3天时,处理组的病情指数低于对照组22%。热水处理加速了胡萝卜伤口处聚酚软木脂及木质素的沉积,第3天时,伤口处聚酚软木脂厚度高出对照组18%,第5天时,木质素细胞层厚度高出对照组16%。热水处理提高了胡萝卜伤口处苯丙氨酸解氨酶、肉桂酸-4-羟化酶、4-香豆酰辅酶A连接酶及肉桂醇脱氢酶的活性,促进了伤口处肉桂酸、咖啡酸、阿魏酸、芥子酸、总酚和类黄酮的合成,提高了肉桂醇、松柏醇、芥子醇及木质素的含量。此外,热水处理还提高了胡萝卜伤口处H_(2)O_(2)含量和过氧化物酶活性。结论:热水处理可通过激活苯丙烷代谢、提高H_(2)O_(2)含量和过氧化物酶活性、加速伤口处聚酚软木脂和木质素的积累来促进胡萝卜愈伤。

关键词：胡萝卜愈伤热水处理苯丙烷代谢聚酚软木脂木质素

采前氨基寡糖素喷施通过激活苯丙烷途径促进采后厚皮甜瓜愈伤

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食品科学 2022年第21期43卷 275-281页

作者：李宝军刘志恬薛素琳柴秀伟李志程毕阳 dov PRUSKY 张锋岗甘肃农业大学食品科学与工程学院甘肃兰州730070 以色列农业研究组织农产品采后科学部以色列里雄莱锡安7505101 海南正业中农高科股份有限公司海南海口570216

目的:探讨果实发育期氨基寡糖素多次喷施对采后厚皮甜瓜愈伤的影响。方法:在果实发育的4个时期(幼果期、膨大前期、膨大后期及成熟期)用2 mL/L氨基寡糖素对‘玛瑙’甜瓜植株和果实进行4次喷施。评价氨基寡糖素处理对采后果实愈伤期间的... 详细信息

目的:探讨果实发育期氨基寡糖素多次喷施对采后厚皮甜瓜愈伤的影响。方法:在果实发育的4个时期(幼果期、膨大前期、膨大后期及成熟期)用2 mL/L氨基寡糖素对‘玛瑙’甜瓜植株和果实进行4次喷施。评价氨基寡糖素处理对采后果实愈伤期间的质量损失率和病情指数的影响,观察伤口表面封闭层的形成情况,分析相关代谢酶活力。结果:氨基寡糖素喷施有效降低了愈伤期间损伤果实的质量损失率,以及Trichothecium roseum接种损伤果实的病情指数,愈伤第7天时处理组果实的质量损失率和病情指数分别比同期对照组低28.64%和32.00%。氨基寡糖素喷施促进了伤口处聚酚软木脂和木质素的沉积,愈伤第5天时处理组果实伤口处两种物质沉积的细胞层厚度分别高出对照组22.70%和25.07%。喷施处理提高了伤口处的苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力以及总酚、类黄酮、木质素含量。此外,喷施处理还提高了果实伤口处的H_(2)O_(2)含量,增强了过氧化物酶活力。结论:氨基寡糖素采前多次喷施可通过激活采后厚皮甜瓜的苯丙烷代谢,提高H_(2)O_(2)含量及过氧化物酶活力,从而促进果实愈伤。

关键词：氨基寡糖素采前喷施厚皮甜瓜愈伤苯丙烷代谢