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Adaptive optical microscopy: the ongoing quest for a perfect image

2006年

作者： Pring, martin j.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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畅想之星图书光盘版（南通市图书馆镜像）

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 243-249页

作者： martin j Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxford OX13PJUK Centre for Neural Circuits and Behaviour University of OxfordOxford OX13SRUnited Kingdom School in Advanced Optical Technologies Friedrich-Alexander Universita¨t Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg91052 ErlangenGermany

Adaptive optics is becoming a valuable tool for high resolution microscopy,providing correction for aberrations introduced by the refractive index structure of *** is proving particularly promising for applications that require images from deep within biological tissue *** review recent developments in adaptive microscopy,including methods and applications.A range of advances in different microscope modalities is covered and prospects for the future are discussed.

关键词： aberrations adaptive optics microscopy

An Integrated Approach to Crop Genetic Improvement

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2012年第4期54卷 250-259页

作者： martin A.j.Parry Malcolm j.Hawkesford Rothamsted Research Plant Science Department

The balance between the supply and demand of the major food crops is fragile, fueling concerns for long-term global food security. The rising population, increasing wealth and a proliferation of non- food uses （e.g. bioenergy） has led to growing demands on agricul- ture, while increased production is limited by greater urbanization, and the degradation of land. Furthermore, global climate change with increasing temperatures and lower, more erratic rainfall is projected to decrease agricultural yields. There is a predicted need to increase food production by at least 70% by 2050 and there- fore an urgent need to develop novel and integrated approaches, incorporating high-throughput phenotyping that will both increaseproduction per unit area and simultaneously improve the resource use efficiency of crops. Yield potential, yield stability, nutrient and water use are all complex multigenic traits and while there is genetic variability, their complexity makes such traits difficult to breed for directly. Nevertheless molecular plant breeding has the potential to deliver substantial improvements, once the component traits and the genes underlying these traits have been identified. In addition, interactions between the individual traits must also be taken into account, a demand that is difficult to fulfill with traditional screening approaches. Identified traits will be incorporated into new cultivars using conventional or biotechnological tools. In order to better understand the relationship between genotype, component traits, and environment over time, a multidisciplinary approach must be adopted to both understand the underlying processes and identify candidate genes, QTLs and traits that can be used to develop improved crops.

关键词： Germpiasm variation nitrogen TILLING transformation trait water wheat yield.

Adaptive optics in laser processing

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Light(Science & Applications) 2019年第1期8卷 140-155页

作者： Patrick S.Salter martin j.Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK

Adaptive optics are becoming a valuable tool for laser processing,providing enhanced functionality and flexibility for a range of *** a single adaptive element,it is possible to correct for aberrations introduced when focusing inside the workpiece,tailor the focal intensity distribution for the particular fabrication task and/or provide parallelisation to reduce processing *** is particularly promising for applications using ultrafast lasers for threedimensional *** review recent developments in adaptive laser processing,including methods and applications,before discussing prospects for the future.

关键词： laser optics workpiece

Mending the broken in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: DNA damage and repair in motor neuron degeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第1期16卷 104-105页

作者： Byung Woo Kim Lee j.martin Department of Pathology Division of Neuropathologythe Pathobiology Graduate Training ProgramJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS)is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that causes paralysis and respiratory failure(Petrov et al.,2017).The driving mechanisms are unknown,and there are no effective treatments(Petrov et al.,2017).Aging and a few gene mutations,a common one being missense mutations in superoxide dismutase-1(SOD1),are risk factors for ALS(Figure 1).The recent Food and Drug Administration approval of edaravone for the treatment of ALS putatively supports a role for oxidative and nitrative stresses in the disease processes(Figure 1A).DNA damage,abnormalities in DNA repair,and other nuclear abnormalities are implicated also in the pathogenesis of human ALS(Bradley and Krasin,1982;Kim et al.,2020).

关键词： al. damage degeneration

Flow in Porous Media in the Energy Transition

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Engineering 2022年第7期8卷 10-14页

作者： martin j.Blunt Qingyang Lin Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College LondonLondon SW72BPUK State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization State Environmental ProtectionEngineering Center for Coal-Fired Air Pollution ControlZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

*** context Flow in porous media is encountered in a wide variety of natural and engineered settings,including gas exchange in lungs and blood vessels,water extraction from underground aquifers,hydrocarbon production,and microfluidics in drug delivery and food *** rock is a porous medium that holds water and hydrocarbons,and is a potential storage site for carbon dioxide(CO_(2))and *** manufactured devices also contain porous media to allow the transport of gases and water,including fuel cells,electrolyzers,and electrocatalysts for CO_(2) *** performance is limited by how rapidly two fluid phases can flow through a porous layer.

关键词： underground rock setting

A Tutorial Review of the Solar Power Curve: Regressions, Model Chains, and Their Hybridization and Probabilistic Extensions

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第6期41卷 1023-1067页

作者： Dazhi YANG Xiang’ao XIA martin jános MAYER School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001HeilongjiangChina Key Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation(LAGEO) Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Energy Engineering Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringBudapest University of Technology and EconomicsMűegyetem rkp.3Budapest H-1111Hungary

Owing to the persisting hype in pushing toward global carbon neutrality,the study scope of atmospheric science is rapidly *** numerous trending topics,energy meteorology has been attracting the most attention *** essential skill of solar energy meteorologists is solar power curve modeling,which seeks to map irradiance and auxiliary weather variables to solar power,by statistical and/or physical *** this regard,this tutorial review aims to deliver a complete overview of those fundamental scientific and engineering principles pertaining to the solar power *** power curves can be modeled in two primary ways,one of regression and the other of model *** classes of modeling approaches,alongside their hybridization and probabilistic extensions,which allow accuracy improvement and uncertainty quantification,are scrutinized and contrasted thoroughly in this review.

关键词： review energy meteorology solar power curve model chain solar power prediction

Bioenergy Plants: Hopes,Concerns and Prospectives

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第2期53卷 94-95页

作者： martin A.j. Parry Hai-Chun jing Organizing Special Issue EditorRothamsted ResearchHarpenden Herts UK Organizing Special Issue EditorInstitute of BotanyChinese academy of SciencesBeijing China

There are major concerns over both the security of energy supplies （declining supplies and political control） and the en- vironmental costs associated with energy generation and use. The global consumption of carbon-containing fossil fuels for heat, electricity, transport and the manufacture of chemicals is not sustainable. This has promulgated a great interest in various forms of renewable energy and the imposition,

关键词： Bioenergy Plants Hopes,Concerns and Prospectives

Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implications for hydro-development and carbon dynamics in the neotropical Andes

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journal of Mountain Science 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： Derek j.martin Christopher ELY Beverley C.WEMPLE Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of Geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide critically important ecosystem services to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and carbon sequestration, both of which are a result of the páramo?s organic-rich soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the rivers that drain these ecosystems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and increasing implementation of carbon-sequestering compensation for ecosystem services programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic role that rivers play in this unique ecosystem. The objective of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo catchment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment contributions from this unique ecosystem. This study implemented a combination of field, laboratory, and Geographic Information Systems techniques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo catchment(22.7 km^2) located in the eastern Andean cordillera of Ecuador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic, and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ecosystems substantially contribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially significant flux component of basin-scale carbon cycles in páramo ecosystems; and 3) hydrologic alteration campaigns(dam building) will likely critically alter these contributions and concomitantly disconnect a critical source of sediment and nutrients to downstream ecosystems.

关键词： Bank erosion Páramo Fluvial geomorphology Andes

High Intensity Interval Training：New Insights

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中国运动医学杂志 2008年第3期27卷 371-377页

作者： martin j.Gibala Department of Kinesiology McMaster University1280 Main Street West HamiltonOntario L8S 4K1Canad PhD

KEY POINTS· High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief,intermittent exercise,often performed with an 'all out' effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits... 详细信息

关键词：高强度训练体育运动锻炼方法间歇性训练法