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Foraging valor linked with aggression:selection against completely abandoning aggression in the high-elevation ant Tetramorium alpestre?

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 953-970页

作者： marie-Luise contala Patrick Krapf Florian m.Steiner Birgit c.Schlick-Steiner molecular Ecology Group Department of EcologyUniversitat InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria rganismal&Evolutionary Biology Research Programme University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland

Aggression has multiple benefits and is often coupled with other behaviors("behavioral syndromes").The level of aggressiveness is influenced by an adaptive benefit-cost ratio suggesting that benefits should outweigh the costs of ***,we assess if several behaviors are coupled in two behaviorally different populations(aggressive,peaceful)of the high-elevation ant Tetramorium *** three weeks,we collected colony fragments and analyzed boldness,exploring,foraging,and risk-taking *** hypothesized that the aggressive population is bolder,more explorative and risk-prone,and forages more food than the peaceful *** test whether(a)the combination of experiments and parameters used yields a good setup,(b)populations differ behaviorally,and(c)populations display behavioral syndromes,we assessed(a)the frequency of repeatable behaviors of each experiment,(b)the behavioral means among populations,and(c)the behavioral repeatability,*** found that(a)boldness and exploring were most repeatable and represent a good experimental setup,(b)the aggressive population was bolder and more explorative and risk-prone than the peaceful population,(c)boldness and exploring behaviors were highly repeatable in both populations,thus corroborating our *** results suggest that boldness,exploring,and risk-taking but not foraging are presumably coupled with aggression and indicate the presence of behavioral syndromes in this *** specific ecological conditions,aggression may be coupled with other behaviors and important for finding *** is probably adaptive in ***,possibly indicating that selection favors aggression at least partially,which may counteract the complete loss of intraspecific aggression.

关键词： adaptive value behavioral syndromes boldness exploration repeatability trade-off

Long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance in Adélie penguins:the Argentine Ecosystem monitoring Program

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Advances in Polar Science 2024年第1期35卷 132-140页

作者： mariana A.JUÁRES Anahím.SILVESTRO Brenda c.ALFONSO m.mercedes SANTOS Departamento Biología de Predadores Tope Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA)Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina consejo Nacional de Investigaciones científicas y Técnicas(cONIcET) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Laboratorios Anexos Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1904AMAArgentina INEDES(cONIcET-UNLu) Buenos Aires C1425FQBArgentina Facultad de ciencias Naturales y museo Universidad Nacional de La PlataLa Plata B1900FWAArgentina Instituto Antártico Argentino(IAA) Buenos Aires B1650CSPArgentina

In this work,we report long-term trends in the abundance and breeding performance of Adélie penguins(Pygoscelis adeliae)nesting in three Antarctic colonies(i.e.,at martin Point,South Orkneys Islands;Stranger Point/cabo Funes,South Shetland Islands;and Esperanza/Hope Bay in the Antarctic Peninsula)from 1995/96 to 2022/*** yearly count data of breeding groups selected,we observed a decline in the number of breeding pairs and chicks in crèche at all colonies ***,the magnitude of change was higher at Stranger Point than that in the remaining ***,the index of breeding success,which was calculated as the ratio of chicks in crèche to breeding pairs,exhibited no apparent trend throughout the study ***,it displayed greater variability at martin Point compared to the other two colonies under *** the number of chicks in crèche of Adélie penguins showed a declining pattern,the average breeding performance was similar to that reported in gentoo penguin colonies,specifically,those undergoing a population increase(even in sympatric colonies facing similar local conditions).consequently,it is plausible to assume a reduction of the over-winter survival as a likely cause of the declining trend observed,at least in the Stranger Point and Esperanza ***,we cannot rule out local effects during the breeding season affecting the Adélie population of martin Point.

关键词： long-term monitoring Adélie penguin breeding pairs chicks crèched breeding success population trends

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Porphyrinic Acceptors forFullerene-Free molecularPhotovoltaics

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ccS chemistry 2024年第2期6卷 276-296页

作者： Jorge Labella Juan Laforga-martin Tomás Torres Department of Organic chemistry Universidad Aut´onoma de Madrid28049 Madrid Institute for Advanced Research in chemical Sciences Universidad Aut´onoma de MadridMadrid ImDEA—Nanociencia 28049 Madrid

Over the past few years,the development of nonfullerene acceptors(NFAs)has become a prominent focus in both organic and perovskite solar cell(OScs and PScs,respectively)research *** this context,porphyrinoids,compounds structurally related to porphyrins,have emerged as promising solar cell *** contrast to the widely used fullerene acceptors,porphyrinoids exhibit strong,broad absorption properties across the UV–vis/NIR spectrum,which can be easily tuned through chemical ***,they can be prepared and derivatized using cost-effective and straightforward methodologies,allowing for convenient adjustments in thin-film morphology,processability,supramolecular organization,and energy ***,these compounds offer higher thermal and photochemical stability,resulting in longer device lifetimes compared to their fullerene-based *** this review,we outline the utilization of porphyrinoids as NFAs in OScs and PScs,discussing essential aspects such as design guidelines,molecular properties,and device *** goal is to inspire and further promote the development of n-type porphyrinoids,which have not yet fully unleashed their potential.

关键词： fullerene-free molecular photovoltaics nonfullerene acceptors porphyrinic acceptors n-type porphyrinoids organic and perovskite solar cells

The influence of resistance exercise training prescription variables on skeletal muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy adults:An umbrella review

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 47-60页

作者： Jonathan c.mcleod Brad S.currier caroline V.Lowisz Stuart m.Phillips Department of Kinesiology Faculty of ScienceMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S4L8Canada

Purpose:The aim of this umbrella review was to determine the impact of resistance training(RT)and individual RT prescription variables on muscle mass,strength,and physical function in healthy ***:Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and meta-Analyses(PRISmA)guidelines,we systematically searched and screened eligible systematic reviews reporting the effects of differing RT prescription variables on muscle mass(or its proxies),strength,and/or physical function in healthy adults aged>18 ***:We identified 44 systematic reviews that met our inclusion *** methodological quality of these reviews was assessed using A measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews;standardized effectiveness statements were *** found that RT was consistently a potent stimulus for increasing skeletal muscle mass(4/4 reviews provide some or sufficient evidence),strength(4/6 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and physical function(1/1 review provided some evidence).RT load(6/8 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),weekly frequency(2/4 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),volume(3/7 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence),and exercise order(1/1 review provided some evidence)impacted RT-induced increases in muscular *** discovered that 2/3 reviews provided some or sufficient evidence that RT volume and contraction velocity influenced skeletal muscle mass,while 4/7 reviews provided insufficient evidence in favor of RT load impacting skeletal muscle *** was insufficient evidence to conclude that time of day,periodization,inter-set rest,set configuration,set end point,contraction velocity/time under tension,or exercise order(only pertaining to hypertrophy)influenced skeletal muscle adaptations.A paucity of data limited insights into the impact of RT prescription variables on physical ***:Overall,RT increased muscle mass,strength,and physical function compared to no ***

关键词： Hypertrophy Resistance training Resistance training prescription variables Strength Umbrella review

Tree structure and diversity shape the biomass of primary temperate mountain forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第4期11卷 568-579页

作者： Dheeraj Ralhan Ruffy Rodrigo Heather Keith Annemiek Irene Stegehuis Jakob Pavlin Yumei Jiang milos Rydval Juliana Nogueira Alexandre Fruleux marek Svitok martin mikolas Daniel Kozak martin Dusatko Pavel Janda Oleh chaskovsky catalin-constantin Roibu miroslav Svoboda czech University of Life Sciences Prague Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesKamycka 129Suchdol16521 Praha 6Czech Republic Department of Forest Science Biliran Province State UniversityBiliran6549Philippines Griffith climate Action Beacon Griffith UniversityParklands DriveSouthportGold CoastQueensland4222Australia Laboratoire de Geologie IPSLCNRSUMR 8538Ecole Normale SuperieurePSL UniversityParisFrance Univ.Lille Institut Mines-TelecomUniv.ArtoisJuniaULR 4515LGCgELaboratoire de Genie Civil et Geo-EnvironnementF-59000LilleFrance Department of Biology and General Ecology Faculty of Ecology and Environmental SciencesTechnical University in ZvolenMasaryka 2496001ZvolenSlovakia Institute of Forest management Ukrainian National Forestry UniversityLvivUkraine Forest Biometrics Laboratory–Faculty of Forestry Stefan Cel Mare University of SuceavaUniversitații Street Number.13Suceava720229Romania

Primary forests are spatially diverse terrestrial ecosystems with unique characteristics,being naturally regenerative and heterogeneous,which supports the stability of their carbon storage through the accumulation of live and dead ***,little is known about the interactions between biomass stocks,tree genus diversity and structure across a temperate montane primary ***,we investigated the relationship between tree structure(variability in basal area and tree size),genus-level diversity(abundance,tree diversity)and biomass stocks in temperate primary mountain forests across central and Eastern *** used inventory data from726 permanent sample plots from mixed beech and spruce across the carpathian *** used nonlinear regression to analyse the spatial variability in forest biomass,structure,and genus-level diversity and how they interact with plot-level tree age,disturbances,temperature and *** found that the combined effects of genus and structural indices were important for addressing the variability in biomass across different spatial *** processes in disturbance regimes and uneven tree age support forest hete rogeneity and the accumulation of live and dead biomass through the natural regeneration,growth and decay of the forest *** complexities in basal area index,supporte d by genus-level abundance,positively influence total biomass stocks,which was modulated by tree age and *** forests showed higher tree density and basal area than mixed beech forests,though mixed beech still contributes significantly to biomass across *** heterogeneity was strongly influenced by complexities in forest composition(tree genus diversity,structure).We addressed the importance of primary forests as stable carbon stores,achieved through structure and *** such ecosystems is critical for ensuring the stability of the primary forest,carbon store and biodiversity into the future.

关键词： Biodiversity indicators Biomass carbon stock Ecosystem functioning Forest composition Primary forest structure Tree size distribution

Structural effects induced by dialysis-based purification of carbon nanomaterials

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Nano materials Science 2024年第4期6卷 475-483页

作者： A.D.Veloso A.m.Ferraria A.m.Botelho do Rego A.S.Viana A.J.S.Fernandes A.J.Fielding R.A.Videira m.c.Oliveira cQ-VR and chemistry Department University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro BSIRG iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and BiosciencesDepartment of Chemical Engineeringand Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and BioeconomyInstituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de Lisboa centro de Química Estrutural Institute of Molecular SciencesDepartamento de Química e BioquímicaFaculdade de CiênciasUniversidade de Lisboa I3N and Physics Department University of AveiroCampus de Santiago Faculty of Science Pharmacy and Biomolecular SchoolLiverpool John Moores University REQUImTE/LAQV Laborat orio de FarmacognosiaDepartamento de QuímicaFaculdade de Farm aciaUniversidade do Porto

Dialysis plays a crucial role in the purification of nanomaterials but its impact on the structural properties of carbon nanomaterials was never ***,a carbon-based nanomaterial generated electrochemically in potassium phosphate buffer,was characterized before and after dialysis against pure *** is shown that dialysis affects the size of the carbon domains,structural organization,surface functionalization,oxidation degree of carbon,and grade of ***,dialysis drives the nanomaterial organization from discrete roundish carbon domains,with sizes ranging from 70 to 160 nm,towards linear stacking structures of small nanoparticles （m）.In parallel,alcohol and ether （epoxide） surface groups evolve into more oxidized carbon groups （e.g.,ketone and ester groups）.Investigation of the as-prepared nanomaterial by electron paramagnetic resonance （EPR） revealed a resonance signal consistent with carbon-oxygen centred ***,this study brings to light the selective affinity of the carbon nanomaterial under study to capture Na+ions,a property greatly enhanced by the dialysis process,and its high ability to trap oxygen,particularly before *** findings open new perspectives for the application of carbon-based nanomaterials and raise awareness of the importance of structural changes that can occur during the purification of carbon-based nanomaterials.

关键词： Nanocarbon Surface functionalization NmR XPS Hydrophilic carbon Paramagnetic

Review of Networked microgrid Protection:Architectures,challenges,Solutions,and Future Trends

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cSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第2期10卷 448-467页

作者： Jorge de la cruz Ying Wu John E.candelo-Becerra Juan c.Vasquez Josep m.Guerrero center for Research on microgrids(cROm) Department of Energy TechnologyAalborg University9220 AalborgDenmark Facultad de minas Departamento de Energia Eléctrica y AutomaticaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaSede MedellinCarrera 80 No.65-223RobledoMedellin 050041Colombia. center for Research on microgrids at UPc(UPc cROm) Department of Electronic EngineeringTechnical University of Catalonia(UPC)08019 Barcelona Spain IcREA Pg.Lluis Companys 2308010 BarcelonaSpain center for Research on microgrids at AAU(AAU cROm) AAU EnergyAalborg University(AAU)9220 Aalborg EastDenmark

Design and selection of advanced protection schemes have become essential for reliable and secure operation of networked *** protection schemes that allow correct operation of microgrids have been proposed for individual systems in different topologies and ***,protection schemes for networked microgrids are still in devel-opment,and further research is required to design and operate advanced protection in interconnected *** of these microgrids in different nodes with various intercon-nection technologies increases fault occurrence and complicates protection *** paper aims to point out challenges in developing protection for networked microgrids,potential solutions,and research areas that need to be addressed for their ***,this article presents a systematic analysis of different microgrid clusters proposed since 2016,including several architectures of networked microgrids,operation modes,components,and utilization of renewable sources,which have not been widely explored in previous review ***,the paper presents a discussion on protection systems currently available for microgrid clusters,current challenges,and solutions that have been proposed for these ***,it discusses the trend of protection schemes in networked microgrids and presents some conclusions related to ***—Adaptive eprotection,microgrid cluster,microgrid,multiple microgrid,networked microgrid,real-time simulation,smart grid.

关键词： Adaptive eprotection microgrid cluster microgrid multiple microgrid networked microgrid real-time simulation smart grid

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de castro Jarred m.Whitlock Zachary michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce Daniel martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran melikov Leonid V.chernomordik michael T.collins Alison m.Boyce Skeletal Disorders and mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA metabolic Bone Disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Pathology and Laboratory medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIDcR Genomics and computational Biology core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(FD)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for which there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,we investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in FD tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human FD tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NcT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in FD lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction between osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors was further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,which indicated that the proliferation of abnormal FD osteoprogenitors was dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces FD lesion activity by decreasing FD cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation within *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk between osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of FD pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

Post-fire recovery of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huascarán National Park, Perú

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Journal of mountain Science 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO césar ARANA Enoc JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS m.Estela PONcE Paul m.RAmSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of Statistics Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Department of chemical and Biological Sciences Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huascarán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to compare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant communities(66 species in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird communities(77 species in six trophic guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affected by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic area across all developmental phases, but recovered quickly during the first two years after fire. The comparison of Puya rosette recovery after fire was complicated by the changes in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, which showed plasticity of photosynthetic area linked to seasonal and annual fluctuations in precipitation in this relatively dry environment(decreased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire caused an immediate change in the density, biomass and composition of vegetation. Although the species present remained similar, their abundances changed significantly immediately after the fire, with notable reductions in dominant tussock grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant species, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the changes in vegetation after fire affected the composition of birds according to their trophic guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffected, and other guilds showed a more complex response. As the vegetation recovered, most displaced birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic guilds Andes Giant rosette plants