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Phosphorus use efficiency and fertilizers:future opportunities for improvements

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2019年第4期6卷 332-340页

作者： martin blackwell Tegan DARCH Richard HASLAM Department of Sustainable Agriculture Sciences Rothamsted ResearchNorth WykeOkehamptonEX202SBUK Department of Plant Sciences Rothamsted ResearchHarpendenAL52JQUK

The continued supply of phosphate fertilizers that underpin global food production is an imminent *** rock phosphate deposits on which the world depends are not only finite,but some are contaminated,and many are located in geopolitically unstable areas,meaning that fundamental changes will have to take place in order to maintain food production for a growing global *** single solution exists,but a combination of approaches to phosphorus management is required not only to extend the lifespan of the remaining non-renewable rock phosphate reserves,but to result in a more efficient,sustainable phosphorus *** include improving the efficiency of fertilizer applications to agricultural land,alongside a better understanding of phosphorus cycling in soil-plant systems,and the interactions between soil physics,chemistry and biology,coupled with plant *** exist for the development of plants that can access different forms of soil phosphorus(e.g.,organic phosphorus)and that use internal phosphorus more *** development of different sources of phosphorus fertilizers are inevitably required given the finite nature of the rock phosphate *** opportunities exist,and it is now important that a concerted effort to make advances in phosphorus use efficiency is prioritized.

关键词： organic phosphorus phosphorus fertilizer phosphorus use efficiency rock phosphate

Combined Applications of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilizers with Manure Increase Maize Yield and Nutrient Uptake via Stimulating Root Growth in a Long-Term Experiment

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Pedosphere 2016年第1期26卷 62-73页

作者： WEN Zhihui SHEN Jianbo martin blackwell LI Haigang ZHAO Bingqiang YUAN Huimin College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Rothamsted Research North Wyke Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning China Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Imbalanced application of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) fertilizers can result in reduced crop yield,low nutrient use efficiency,and high loss of nutrients and soil nitrate nitrogen(NO_3^--N) accumulation decreases when N is applied with P and/or manure;however,the effect of applications of N with P and/or manure on root growth and distribution in the soil profile is not fully *** aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of different N and P fertilizer application rates with or without manure on maize(Zea mays L.) yield,N uptake,root growth,apparent N surplus,Olsen-P concentration,and mineral N(N_(min)) accumulation in a fluvo-aquic calcareous soil from a long-term(28-year) *** experiment comprised twelve combinations of chemical N and P fertilizers,either with or without chicken manure,as treatments in four *** yield of maize grain was 82%higher,the N uptake 100%higher,and the N_(min) accumulation 39%lower in the treatments with combined N and P in comparison to N fertilizer *** maize root length density in the 30-60 cm layer was three times greater in the treatments with N and P fertilizers than with N fertilizer *** addition increased maize yield by 50%and N uptake by 43%,and reduced N_(min)(mostly NO_3^--N) accumulation in the soil by 46%.The long-term application of manure and P fertilizer resulted in significant increases in soil Olsen-P concentration when no N fertilizer was *** application reduced the apparent N surplus for all *** results suggest that combined N and P fertilizer applications could enhance maize grain yield and nutrient uptake via stimulating root growth,leading to reduced accumulation of potentially leachable NO_3^--N in soil,and manure application was a practical way to improve degraded soils in China and the rest of the world.

关键词： apparent N surplus degraded soils chemical fertilizers nitrate nitrogen root length density soil mineral N soil Olson-P

DEVELOPMENT OF NEEDLE-BASED MICROENDOSCOPY FOR FLUORESCENCE MOLECULAR IMAGING OF BREAST TUMOR MODELS

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第4期2卷 343-352页

作者： CHAO-WEI CHEN TIFFANY R.blackwell RENEE NAPHAS PAUL T.WINNARD JR VENU RAMAN KRISTINE GLUNDE YU CHEN Fischell Department of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Maryland College ParkMD 20742USA In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Center(ICMIC)Department of Radiology Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMD 21205USA§yuchen@umd.edu¶kglunde@mri.jhu.edu

Fluorescence molecular imaging enables the visualization of basic molecular processes such as gene expression,enzyme activity,and disease-specific molecular interactions in vivo using targeted contrast agents,and therefore,is being developed for early detection and in situ characterization of breast *** advances in developing near-infrared fluorescent imaging contrast agents have enabled the specific labeling of human breast cancer cells in mouse model *** synergy with contrast agent development,this paper describes a needle-based fluorescence molecular imaging device that has the strong potential to be translated into clinical breast biopsy *** microendoscopy probe is based on a gradient-index(GRIN)lens interfaced with a laser scanning *** of the imaging performance,including the field-of-view,transverse resolution,and focus tracking characteristics were *** MDA-MB-231 breast cancer xenografts stably expressing the tdTomato red fluorescent protein(RFP)were used to detect the tumor cells in this tumor model as a proof of principle *** further development,this technology,in conjunction with the development of clinically applicable,injectable fluorescent molecular imaging agents,promises to perform fluorescence molecular imaging of breast cancers in vivo for breast biopsy guidance.

关键词： Breast cancer fluorescence molecular imaging microendoscopy optical imaging tdTomato fluorescent protein.

Severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions： a review on epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestation and pathogenesis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2008年第8期121卷 756-761页

作者： Tomy martin LI Hui First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Dermatology and Venerology Department Chongqing 400016 China

Purpose To review the current progress in epidemiology, etiology, clinical manifestation, and pathophysiology of severe cutaneous adverse drug reactions （SCADRs）. Data sources Data were acquired by using blackwell-Synergy, PubMed, original articles published in the main Chinese journals and related medical textbooks materials. Study selection and data extraction Throughout the literature review 49 articles were selected. Results SCADRs cases are rare, however, the implication is life threatening with significant mortality rates. Epidemiology studies have shown various incidences from different regions, gender, age, race and concurrent illness. There are typical signs and symptoms for each type of SCADRs, but this is not always so. Drugs associated with inducing SCADRs are anticonvulsants, antibiotics, NSAIDs and antirheumatic drugs. In some countries, especially in Asia, traditional drugs are often the cause of SCADRs. Genetic polymorphisms and viral infections are predisposition factors of SCADRs. Patients with certain genetic alleles and underlying diseases are vulnerable to SCADRs. The exact pathogenesis of SCADRs is not well defined. Nonetheless, recent study showed that reactive metabolites and immunological processes have a significant role in SCADRs. Conclusions The different SCADRs reactions are attributed by different intrinsic factors, such as genetic polymorphisms, gender, age and race as well as extrinsic factors, such as underlying diseases. Different regions and culprit drugs also play a role in the various types of SCADRs.

关键词： severe cutaneous adverse drug eruptions, drug hypersensitivity syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis toxic epidermal necrolysis Steven Johnson syndrome

The blackwell Companion to Syntax 2nd

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丛书名： blackwell handbooks in linguistics

2006年

作者： martin Everaert Henk van Riemsdijk

ISBN: (数字)9780470996591

ISBN: (纸本)9781405114851

*** Pre-Order The Wiley blackwell Companion to Syntax, second edition , publishing December 2017. Find out more at *** *** This long-awaited reference work marks the culmination of numerous years of research and international collaboration by the world’s leading syntacticians. There exists no other comparable collection of research that documents the development of syntax in this way. Under the editorial direction of martin Everaert and Henk van Riemsdijk, this 5 volume set comprises 70 case studies commissioned specifically for this volume. The 80 contributors are drawn from an international group of prestigious linguists, including Joe Emonds, Sandra Chung, Susan Rothstein, Adriana Belletti, Jim Huang, Howard Lasnik, and Marcel den Dikken, among many others. A unique collection of 70 newly-commissioned case studies, offering access to research completed over the last 40 years. Brings together the world’s leading syntacticians to provide a large and diverse number of case studies in the field. Explores a comprehensive range of syntax topics from an historical perspective. Investigates empirical domains which have been well-documented and which have played a prominent role in theoretical syntax at some stage in the development of generative grammar. Serves as a research tool for not only theoretical linguistics but also the various forms of applied linguistics. Contains an accessible alphabetical structure, with an index integral to each volume featuring keywords and key figures. Each multi-volume set is also accompanied by a CD Rom of the entire Companion. Like the prestigious blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics series, this multi-volume work, in the new The Wiley blackwell Companions to Linguistics series, can be relied upon to deliver the quality and expertise with which blackwell Publishing’s linguistics list is associated.

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《临床语言学手册》介绍

当代语言学 2012年第3期14卷 324-327页

作者： martin J.Ball Michael R.Perkins Nicole Müller Sara Howard 赵俊海杨炳钧不详西南大学外国语学院重庆市400715 云南民族大学外国语学院 650031

作为blackwell Handbooks in Linguistics系列丛书之一的《临床语言学手册》（The Handbook of Clinical Linguistics）2008年出版，编者为martin ***，Michael ***，Nicole Muller和Sara Howard。全书除“导言”外包括三部分，共38篇... 详细信息

关键词：语言学临床手册 Michael 2008年系列丛书 Ball Sara