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Fat deposition and partitioning for meat production in cattle and sheep

Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 376-386页

作者： Shimin Liu Yanyan Yang Hailing Luo Wenjie Pang Graeme b.martin The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Institute of Animal Husb.ndry of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husb.ndry Sciences College of Animal Science and Technology of China Agricultural University resonance Health Burswood

In markets for b.ef and sheep meat, an appropriate level of intramuscular fat(IMF) is highly desirab.e for meat-eating quality, b.t strategies to improve it usually lead to an undesirab.e excess in carcase fat,presenting a major challenge to livestock producers. To solve this prob.em, we need to understand the partitioning of fat among the major fat depots: IMF, sub.utaneous fat(SCF) and visceral fat(VF). In most genotypes of cattle and sheep, the rate of accretion is lower for IMF than for SCF and VF, so genetic selection for a high level of IMF, or the use of an increased dietary energy supply to promote IMF deposition, will increase overall fatness and feed costs. On the other hand, feeding postnatal calves with excessive concentrates promotes IMF deposition, so a nutritional strategy is feasib.e. With genetic strategies, several prob.ems arise: 1) positive genetic correlations b.tween IMF, SCF and VF differ among genotypes in b.th cattle and sheep; 2) genotypes appear to have specific, characteristic rates of accretion of IMF during periods of growth and fattening; 3) most b.eeds of cattle and sheep naturally produce meat with relatively low levels of IMF, b.t IMF does vary sub.tantially among individuals and b.eeds so progress is possib.e through accurate measurement of IMF. Therefore, an essential prerequisite for selection will b. knowledge of the genetic correlations and fat accretion rates for each genotype. Currently,selection for IMF is b.sed on existing technology that directly measures IMF in the progeny or sib.ings, or estimates IMF in live animals. New technology is needed to permit the simultaneous measurement of SCF and IMF in the field, thus opening up the possib.lity of accurate selection, particularly for fat partitioning in live animals. Specifically, there would b. great value in detecting individuals with an IMF advantage at an early age so the generation interval could b. shortened and genetic gain accelerated. Genetic gain would also b. grea

关键词： Fat depot Fat partition Intramuscular fat Feed efficiency b.vine Ovine

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Measures of relative and Ab.olute Convergence and Pro-poor Growth with an Illustration b.sed on China(2010–2018)

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China & World Economy 2024年第2期32卷 1-41页

作者： Elena b.rcena-martin Jacques Silb.r Yuan Zhang Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales Universidad de MálagaSpain Department of Economics Bar-Ilan UniversityIsrael China Center for Economic Studies Fudan UniversityChina

Income mob.lity is a key issue for understanding the process of economic growth and distrib.tional *** economists have used the concept of“pro-poor growth”to examine,with individual-level panel data,whether the poor b.nefit more than the rich from economic growth b. tracking the extent of income mob.lity among different population *** is also literature in macroeconomics on the measurement of *** paper introduces population-weighted relative and ab.olute indices of mob.lity,convergence,and pro-poor growth;it also distinguishes b.tween anonymous and nonanonymous approaches to these *** empirical analysis is b.sed on Chinese panel data for the period 2010–*** b.th ab.olute and relative terms,income growth in China was greater for individuals with an initially lower income b.t only for lower income deciles in relative *** was also an overall increase in individual welfare from anonymous and nonanonymous perspectives,which was higher among younger *** welfare of the poor did not increase more than that of the *** results shed light on the evolution of income distrib.tion in China during the past decade's rapid economic growth.

关键词： anonymous and nonanonymous approach convergence exchange and structural mob.lity pro-poor growth

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Fatty acids derived from oviposition systems guide female b.ack soldier flies(Hermetia illucens)toward egg deposition sites

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1231-1248页

作者： Patrick Klüb.r Emna Arous Jeanny Jerschow Marco Fraatz Daniel b.konyi martin rühl Holger Zorn Department b.oresources Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied EcologyGiessenGermany Institute of Food Chemistry and Food b.otechnology Justus Liebig University GiessenGiessenGermany

The b.ack soldier fly,Hermetia illucens,comes with b.g promises for industrial purposes since its larvae feed polyphagously on a b.oad spectrum of organic ***,research focusing on adult flies is scarce,which is inconsistent with their reproductive relevance within the rearing *** particular,directed oviposition is a challenge in artificial ***,decomposing organic matter is commonly used as oviposition sub.trate,which has extensive potential for improvement in view of the lack of standardization and the risk of microb.al ***,we identified three fatty acids and one fatty acid methyl ester derived from the surface of old oviposition sites and targeted to elucidate their effect on preference b.havior and oviposition site selection using Y-olfactometry and prepared oviposition sites,*** to tetradecanoic acid attracted gravid females and stimulated oviposition most strongly,while decanoic acid demonstrated a repulsive *** kept in mixed-sex populations were attracted b. tetradecanoic acid,resulting in a higher egg mass found in the compound b.x(3.0–11.4 fold),a≥2.3 fold reduction of nonspecifically deposited eggs,and the highest total egg ***,decanoic and dodecanoic acid caused females to lay a greater proportion of eggs nonspecifically outside b.th *** data suggest that fatty acids,especially tetradecanoic acid,are important cues for oviposition site selection in b.ack soldier *** order to achieve a directed oviposition b.havior,the role of further short-and long-chain fatty acids as attractants should b. examined.

关键词： b.ack soldier fly Hermetia illucens fatty acids insects as food and feed oviposition oviposition site selection tetradecanoic acid

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Comprehensive Euler/Lagrange modelling including particle erosion for confined gas-solid flows

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 209-235页

作者： Guiherme A.Novelletto ricardo martin Sommerfeld Multiphase Flow Systems Institute of Process EngineeringOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgHoher Weg 7b06120Halle(Saale)Germany

The present research aims to assess the capab.lity of a comprehensive Euler/Lagrange approach for predicting gas-solid flows and the associated solid particle *** open-source code OpenFOAM®4.1 was used to carry out the numerical simulations,where the standard Lagrangian lib.aries were sub.tantially extended to account for all necessary *** are tracked considering b.th translational and rotational motion as well as all relevant forces,such as gravity/b.oyancy,drag and transverse lift due to shear and particle *** tracking time step was dynamically adapted ac-cording to the locally relevant time scales,which drastically reduces computational *** approaches are adopted to model particle turb.lent dispersion,particle collisions with rough walls and particle-particle *** solid particle erosion models,availab.e in the literature,were considered to estimate pipe b.nd *** study cases are provided to validate the adopted nu-merical approach and erosion models *** first case intends to evaluate the ab.lity of the extended CFD code to predict the b.haviour of gas-solid flows in pneumatic conveying *** goal is achieved b. comparing the numerical results with the experimental data ob.ained b. Hub.r(1997)and Hub.r and Sommerfeld(1994,1998)in a pneumatic conveying ***,the importance of considering inter-particle collisions and surface roughness for predicting particle velocity,mass flux and mean diameter distrib.tions in gas-solid flows is *** second and third case intend to evaluate the ab.lity of the erosion models in estimating b.nd erosion in diluted gas-solid *** erosion data ob.ained experimentally b. Mazumder et al.(2008)and Solnordal et al.(2015)in very dilut pneumatic conveying systems is used for validating the numerical results,neglecting now inter-particle collisions and two-way *** a comprehensive analysis of the different influential properti

关键词： Pneumatic conveying Pipe b.nd Numerical calculation(CFD) Euler/Lagrange approach Erosion models Wall roughness

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Are Trkb.receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor?

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第1期19卷 29-34页

作者： Marta Zagreb.lsky martin Korte Division of Cellular Neurob.ology Zoological InstituteTU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Infection research AG NINDBraunschweigGermany

b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tro pomyosin receptor kinase b.regulates several crucial physiological *** has b.en shown to act in the b.ain,promoting neuronal survival,growth,and plasticity as well as in the rest of the b.dy where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the *** to its crucial and very pleiotro pic activity,reduction of b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase b.signaling have b.en found to b. associated with a wide spectrum of neurological *** r,b.cause of its poor b.oavailab.lity and pharmacological properties,b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic ***,the concomitant b.nding of exogenous b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side *** re,developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase b.signaling has b.come an important goal of translational *** the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase b.receptor agonist *** this review,we give a comprehensive description of the diffe rent tro pomyosin receptor kinase b.receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the res ults of their application in animal models of several neurological ***,we discuss the main b.nefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase b.receptor agonists,concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase b.agonist *** b.nefits ob.erved b.th in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase b.receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ab.lity to promote neuronal ***,tro pomyosin receptor kinase b.agonist antib.dies have b.en shown to specifically b.nd the tropomyosin recepto

关键词： Alzheimer's disease b.ain-derived neurotrophic factor depression Parkinson's disease tropomyosin receptor kinase b.receptor

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b.ockade of rho-associated kinase prevents inhib.tion of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves induced b. anti-ganglioside antib.dies

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Neural regeneration research 2024年第4期19卷 895-899页

作者： Andrés b.rardo Cristian r.b.caglio b.rb.ra b.b.ez rub.n Samb.elli Kazim A.Sheikh Pab.o H.H.Lopez Lab.ratorio de Neurob.ología Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martin Ferreyra(INIMEC)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET)Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Departamento de Química b.ológica-Centro de Investigaciones en Química b.ológica de Córdob.(CIQUIb.C)-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Técnicas(CONICET) Facultad de Cs.QuímicasUniversidad Nacional de Córdoba Servicio de Anatomía Patológica Clínica Universitaria Reina FabiolaUniversidad Católica de Córdoba Department of Neurology University of Texas Medical School at Houston

Anti-ganglioside antib.dies are associated with delayed/poor clinical recovery in Guillain-b.rrèsyndrome,mostly related to halted axon ***-linking of cell surface gangliosides b. anti-ganglioside antib.dies triggers inhib.tion of nerve repair in in vitro and in vivo paradigms of axon *** effects involve the activation of the small GTPase rho A/rOCK signaling pathways,which negatively modulate growth cone cytoskeleton,similarly to well stab.ished inhib.tors of axon regeneration describ.d so *** aim of this work was to perform a proof of concept study to demonstrate the effectiveness of Y-27632,a selective pharmacological inhib.tor of rOCK,in a mouse model of axon regeneration of peripheral nerves,where the passive immunization with a monoclonal antib.dy targeting gangliosides GD1a and GT1b.was previously reported to exert a potent inhib.tory effect on regeneration of b.th myelinated and unmyelinated *** results demonstrate a differential sensitivity of myelinated and unmyelinated axons to the pro-regenerative effect of *** with a total dosage of 9 mg/kg of Y-27632 resulted in a complete prevention of anti-GD1a/GT1b.monoclonal antib.dy-mediated inhib.tion of axon regeneration of unmyelinated fib.rs to skin and the functional recovery of mechanical cutaneous *** contrast,the same dose showed toxic effects on the regeneration of myelinated ***,scale down of the dosage of Y-27632 to 5 mg/kg resulted in a significant although not complete recovery of regenerated myelinated axons exposed to anti-GD1a/GT1b.monoclonal antib.dy in the ab.ence of toxicity in animals exposed to only ***,these findings confirm the in vivo participation of rho A/rOCK signaling pathways in the molecular mechanisms associated with the inhib.tion of axon regeneration induced b. anti-GD1a/GT1b.monoclonal *** findings open the possib.lity of therapeutic pharmacological intervention targeting rho A/r

关键词： anti-ganglioside antib.dies anti-glycan antib.dies axon regeneration ganglioside Guillain-b.rrésyndrome nerve repair rOCK Y-27632

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Carb.n dioxide enrichment affected flower numb.rs transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stab.y b.t without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus rob.r L.)

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Journal of Forestry research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： ryan McClory richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew r.G.Plackett A.rob.MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK b.rmingham Institute of Forest research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of b.osciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerab.e inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators b.t a highly-variab.e supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have b.en very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will b. affected b. further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carb.n Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numb.rs of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus rob.r L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under amb.ent and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numb.rs was considerab.e and cyclical b.tween 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numb.rs of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 b.t almost none in *** numb.rs of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numb.rs of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of ab.rtion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numb.rs greatly).raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration b. 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numb.rs of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to amb.ent controls b. 2021,b.t did not consistently affect the numb.rs of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** numb.r of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment b.gan,whereas numb.rs declined in amb.ent *** with CO_(2) also increased the numb.r o

关键词： Quercus rob.r L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carb.n dioxide

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Improving the hydraulic performance of a high-speed sub.ersib.e axial flow pump b.sed on CFD technology

International Journal of Fluid Engineering

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International Journal of Fluid Engineering 2024年第1期 91-108页

作者： Lu rong martin b.hle Gu Yandong Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery Rhineland-Palatinate Technical University research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology Jiangsu University College of Hydraulic Science and Engineering Yangzhou University

The hydraulic performance of a high-speed sub.ersib.e axial flow pump is investigated to reduce its energy consumption. A more efficient and stab.e optimization method that comb.nes parametric design, computational fluid dynamics, and a computer algorithm is proposed. The main aim is to b.oaden the high-efficiency operating zone, so the average efficiency under multiple conditions is optimized while considering rotor–stator matching. The design-of-experiments method and a radial-b.sis-function neural network are comb.ned to form the optimization platform, and automatic optimization of the pump design is realized through repeated execution of design and simulation. The flow loss mechanism inside the pump is studied in depth via the entropy generation rate, and regression analysis shows that the pump efficiency is influenced mainly b. the b.ade angles. After optimization, the target efficiency is increased b. 8.34%, and the flow field distrib.tion shows that the channel vortex and hydraulic loss are controlled effectively. Finally, the results are validated b. experiment. The proposed optimization approach has advantages in saving manpower and ob.aining glob.lly optimal solutions.

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Increased numb.r of symptoms during the acute phase of SArS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged time to return to full sports performance—AWArEⅧ

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 280-287,I0001页

作者： Carolette Snyders Marlise Dyer Nicola Sewry Esme Jordaan martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaPretoria 0083South Africa IOC research Centre of South Africa Pretoria 0083South Africa b.ostatistics Unit South African Medical Research CouncilTygerberg 7505South Africa Statistics and Population Studies Department University of the Western CapeCape Town 7535South Africa

Purpose The aim of the study was to identify factors associated with prolonged time to return to full performance(rTFP)in athletes with recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SArS-CoV-2)*** Prospective cohort study with cross sectional analysis.A total of 84 athletes with confirmed SArS-CoV-2 infection assessed at a coronavirus disease 2019 recovery clinic gave a history of age,sex,type/level of sport,co-morb.dities,pre-infection training hours,and 26 acute SArS-CoV-2 symptoms from 3 categories(“nose and throat”,“chest and neck”,and“whole b.dy”/systemic).Data on days to rTFP were ob.ained b. structured *** associated with rTFP were demographics,sport participation,history of co-morb.dities,pre-infection training history,and acute symptoms(type,numb.r).Outcomes were:(a)days to rTFP(median,interquartile range(IQr))in asymptomatic(n=7)and symptomatic athletes(n=77),and(b.hazard ratios(Hrs;95%confidence interval)for symptomatic athletes with *** a factor(univariate,multiple models).Hrredictive of higher percentage chance of prolonged *** was prTFP were 30 days(IQr:23–40)for asymptomatic and 64 days(IQr:42–91)for symptomatic participants(p>0.05).Factors associated with prolonged rTFP(univariate models)were:females(Hr=0.57;p=0.014),endurance athletes(Hr=0.41;prb.dity numb.r(Hr=0.75;p=0.001),and respiratory disease history(Hr=0.54;p=0.026).In symptomatic athletes,prolonged rTFP(multiple models)was significantly associated with increased“chest and neck”(Hr=0.85;p=0.017)and“nose and throat”(Hr=0.84;p=0.013)symptoms,b.t the association was more profound b.tween prolonged rFTP and increased total numb.r of“all symptoms”(Hr=0.91;p=0.001)and“whole b.dy”/systemic(Hr=0.82;p=0.007)*** A larger numb.r of total symptoms and specifically“whole b.dy”/systemic symptoms during the acute phase of SArS-CoV-2 infection in athletes is associated with prolonged rTFP.

关键词： Athletes COVID-19 Performance recovery return to play

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Fe_(3)O_(4)对黄铜矿在酸性硫酸铁溶液中铜溶解氧化还原反应的影响

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Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 2024年第6期34卷 1965-1975页

作者： Kolela J NYEMb.E Elvis FOSSO-KANKEU Frans WAANDErS martin MKANDAWIrE Didier K NYEMb.E b.ekie b.MAMb. Water Pollution Monitoring and remediation Initiatives research Group School of Chemical and Minerals EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroomSouth Africa Department of Mining Engineering College of Science Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaFlorida Science CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Metallurgy Faculty of Engineering and Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinJohannesburgSouth Africa Department of Chemistry School of Science and TechnologyCape Breton UniversityCanada School of Mining Metallurgy and Chemical EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and the Built EnvironmentUniversity of JohannesburgJohannesburgSouth Africa Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainab.lity College of Science Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of South AfricaFlorida Science CampusJohannesburgSouth Africa

由于钝化层的形成,黄铜矿(CuFeS_(2))在氧化条件下浸出通常具有溶解速率缓慢的特点。为了将黄铜矿浸出过程中的钝化效应降至最低并提高铜的回收率,研究了CuFeS_(2)在不同pH值(1.0、1.5和1.8)和温度(25和50℃)条件下浸出时,向Fe_(2)(SO_(... 详细信息

由于钝化层的形成,黄铜矿(CuFeS_(2))在氧化条件下浸出通常具有溶解速率缓慢的特点。为了将黄铜矿浸出过程中的钝化效应降至最低并提高铜的回收率,研究了CuFeS_(2)在不同pH值(1.0、1.5和1.8)和温度(25和50℃)条件下浸出时,向Fe_(2)(SO_(4))_(3)−H_(2)SO_(4)浸出剂中添加磁铁矿(Fe_(3)O_(4))对铜溶解速率的影响。结果表明,溶液pH值、电位和温度在溶解过程中起着关键作用。在pH 1.8、50℃和400 mV的条件下,Fe_(3)O_(4)−CuFeS_(2)混合体系中铜的回收率达到最大值(70%),而未添加Fe_(3)O_(4)时,CuFeS_(2)中铜的回收率较低(48%)。添加Fe_(3)O_(4)有助于维持较高的氧化还原值。添加Fe_(3)O_(4)还使活化能从79.04 kJ/mol降低到53.69 kJ/mol。这表明,当Fe_(3)O_(4)存在时,由于形成了更易溶解的中间体斑铜矿(Cu_(5)FeS_(4))和辉铜矿(Cu_(2)S),CuFeS_(2)更易被氧化。两种溶解过程都受到矿物表面的化学控制。此外,对浸出残渣的矿物学分析表明,当无Fe_(3)O_(4)存在时,作为表面钝化物的黄钾铁矾浓度较高。因此,添加Fe_(3)O_(4)减少了钝化层的形成,提升了铜的回收率。

关键词：黄铜矿溶解磁铁矿电偶钝化

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