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Enhanced nitric oxide production is a universal response to hypoxic stress

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national Science Review 2018年第4期5卷 532-533页

作者： martin Feelisch Clinical & Experimental Sciences and Integrative Physiology and Critical Illness Group Faculty of Medicine Southampton General Hospital and Institute for Life Sciences University of Southampton nSR

Life at high altitude poses a formidable challenge to human physiology because every breath of thin air inhaled contains less oxygen(O2)per volume than air at sea level,causing the resultant drop in O2 pressure in blood to limit performance and threaten *** short-term adjustments to hypoxia(acclimatization)including increased erythropoiesis ensure total

关键词： Enhanced nitric oxide production is a universal response to hypoxic stress

Using the DEM-CFD method to predict Brownian particle deposition in a constricted tube

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Particuology 2014年第4期12卷 94-106页

作者： Florian Chaumeil martin Crapper School of Engineering The University of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3JLUnited Kingdom

Modelling of the agglomeration and deposition on a constricted tube collector of colloidal size particles immersed in a liquid is investigated using the discrete element method （DEM）. The ability of this method to represent surface interactions allows the simulation of agglomeration and deposition at the particle scale. The numerical model adopts a mechanistic approach to represent the forces involved in colloidal suspensions by including near-wall drag retardation, surface interaction and Brownian forces. The model is implemented using the commercially available DEM package EDEM 2.3~, so that results can be repli- cated in a standard and user-friendly framework. The effects of various particle-to-collector size ratios, inlet fluid flow-rates and particle concentrations are examined and it is found that deposition efficiency is strongly dependent on the inter-relation of these parameters. Particle deposition and re-suspension mechanisms have been identified and analyzed thanks to EDEM＇s post processing capability. One-way coupling with computational fluid dynamics （CFD） is considered and results are compared with a two- way coupling between EDEM 2.3 and FLUEnT 12.1. It is found that two-way coupling requires circa 500% more time than one-way coupling for similar results.

关键词： Discrete element method DEM Colloids Agglomeration Deposition Simulation

Dissipation of chlorpyrifos, pendimethalin, and thiophanate-methyl pesticides in compost based-versus peat-moss based-biomixture of biobeds

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Waste Disposal and Sustainable Energy 2023年第4期5卷 461-470页

作者： Talaat n.M.El-Sebai Wafaa M.H.Zidan Alaa Marzouk Marion Divers Fabrice martin-Laurent Agricultural Microbiology Dept.Agricultural and Biology Research Institute National Research CentreCairoEgypt Laboratory of Pesticide Analysis Agriculture Research CentreCairoEgypt Laboratory of Soil Microbiology National Institute of Agricultural ResearchDijonFrance

Biobed is a smart bioremediation system used to treat point-source pesticide *** is the main component of biobeds,and pesticide dissipation is affected by its *** study aimed to compare the effectiveness of compost-based(C)versus peat-moss-based(P)biomixtures of biobeds on tested pesticide *** concentrations(25,50,and 75 mg/kg)of chlorpyrifos,pendimethalin,and thiophanate methyl were added separately and as a mix to both biomixtures C and *** data showed the effect of biomixture type on the dissipation of the tested *** chlorpyrifos,its dissipation rate in biomixture P was more rapid than that in biomixture *** result was confirmed by the mineralization kinetic experiment,since 25%of the initial ^(14)C-chlorpyrifos concentration accumulated in the form ^(14)CO_(2) in biomixture P compared to only 14%in biomixture *** addition,the chlorpyrifos dissipation rate was influenced by the initial concentration when applied individually in biomixture *** contrast,biomixture C was more effective at pendimethalin dissipation than biomixture P,since>76%of pendimethalin was dissipated in biomixture C versus 67%in biomixture P at the same incubation *** thiophanate-methyl,the abilities of both biomixtures C and P were similar and less efficient than those of the other tested *** addition of the three tested pesticides to biomixture C only had a positive effect on both chlorpyrifos and thiophanate-methyl dissipation,while pendimethalin dissipation was similar when applied separately or as a *** activity was stimulated by the addition of separately or mixed pesticides to biomixtures C and P as measured by dehydrogenase activity.

关键词： Biopurification system Pesticides Contamination Point-source Bioremediation Biomixture

Artificial versus natural Reuse of CO2 for DME Production：Are We Any Closer？

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Engineering 2017年第2期3卷 166-170页

作者： Mariano martin Department of Chemical Engineering University of Salamanca Salamanca 37008 Spain

This work uses a mathematical optimization approach to analyze and compare facilities that either capturecarbon dioxide （CO2） artificially or use naturally captured COs in the form of lignocellulosic biomass towardthe production of the same product, dimethyl ether （DME）. In nature, plants capture COs via photosynthesisin order to grow. The design of the first process discussed here is based on a superstructure optimizationapproach in order to select technologies that transform lignocellulosic biomass into DME. Biomass is gas-ified; next, the raw syngas must be purified using reforming, scrubbing, and carbon capture technologiesbefore it can be used to directly produce DME. Alternatively, CO2 can be captured and used to produce DMEvia hydrogenation. Hydrogen （H2） is produced by splitting water using solar energy. Facilities based on bothphotovoltaic （PV） solar or concentrated solar power （CSP） technologies have been designed; their monthlyoperation, which is based on solar availability, is determined using a multi-period approach. The currentlevel of technological development gives biomass an advantage as a carbon capture technology, since bothwater consumption and economic parameters are in its favor. However, due to the area required for growingbiomass and the total amount of water consumed （if plant growing is also accounted for）, the decision to use biomass is not a straightforward one.

关键词： Solar energy Photovoltaic Concentrated solar power Biomass Water electrolysis Dimethyl ether

The pH of the Apoplast： Dynamic Factor with =unctional Impact Under Stress

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Molecular Plant 2017年第11期10卷 1371-1386页

作者： Christoph-martin Geilfus Division of Controlled Environment Horticulture Faculty of Life Sciences Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences Humboldt-University of Berlin Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 1 14195 Berlin Germany

The apoplast is an interconnected compartment with a thin water-film that alkalinizes under stress. This systemic pH increase may be a secondary effect without functional implications, arising from ion movements or proton-pump regulations. On the other hand, there are increasing indications that it is part of a mechanism to withstand stress. Regardless of this controversy, alkalinization of the apoplast has received little attention. The apoplastic pH （PHapo） increases not only during plant-pathogen interactions but also in response to salinity or drought. not much is known about the mechanisms that cause the leaf apoplast to alkalinize, nor whether, and if so, how functional impact is conveyed. Controversial explanations have been given, and the unusual complexity of pHapo regulation is considered as the primary reason behind this lack of knowledge. A gathering of scattered information revealed that changes in PHapo convey functionality by regulating stomatal aperture via the effects exerted on abscisic acid. Moreover, apoplastic alkalinization may regulate growth under stress, whereas this needs to be verified. In this review, a comprehensive survey about several physiological mechanisms that alkalize the apoplast under stress is given, and the suitability of apoplastic alkalinization as transducing element for the transmission of sensory information is discussed.

关键词： apoplastic fluid alkalinization abscisic acid PM-H^+-ATPase S-Type anion channel malate

Stable analysis on speed-adaptive observer in regenerating mode

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2012年第1期55卷 213-222页

作者： OUYAnGYi MAERZ martin Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Institute for Integrated Systems and Device Technology ofFraunhofer Erlangen 91058 Germany

Speed-adaptive full-order flux observer is the most promising flux estimator among all the sensorless control ***,conventional speed-adaptive flux observer becomes unstable during regenerating operation at low speed since induction motor is an observable system except dc ***,the instability problem is caused by inappropriate designing of *** on the eigenvalues of extended observer,this paper interprets unstable situation,that the eigenvalues of extended ob-server have a positive real ***,the observer cannot *** the two different solutions for unstable prob-lem-positive real maintaining and current error augment,the proposed method based on the eigenvalue could unify these two solutions,which gives the complete stability condition for speed-adaptive full-order *** does a lot help in observer *** observer configured by this proposed method was verified in the torque controlling of 20 kW induction *** to the experiment result,with appropriate designing of observer,the unstable situation during regeneration mode could be completely overcome.

关键词： sensorless control field orientation induction motor drives instability regenerating mode

Adaptive optical microscopy: the ongoing quest for a perfect image

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Light(Science & Applications) 2014年第1期3卷 243-249页

作者： martin J Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordOxford OX13PJUK Centre for neural Circuits and Behaviour University of OxfordOxford OX13SRUnited Kingdom School in Advanced Optical Technologies Friedrich-Alexander Universita¨t Erlangen-Nu¨rnberg91052 ErlangenGermany

Adaptive optics is becoming a valuable tool for high resolution microscopy,providing correction for aberrations introduced by the refractive index structure of *** is proving particularly promising for applications that require images from deep within biological tissue *** review recent developments in adaptive microscopy,including methods and applications.A range of advances in different microscope modalities is covered and prospects for the future are discussed.

关键词： aberrations adaptive optics microscopy

Versatile chip-based nanoscopy becomes ready for histopathology assessment

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Light(Science & Applications) 2022年第5期11卷 730-732页

作者： martin Lopez-Garcia natural and Artificial Photonic Structures Group International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryBraga 4715-330Portugal

nanoscopy is a mature technology used routinely in life science to obtain images well below the optical diffraction *** the use of nanoscopy in histopathology assessment is very limited mostly due to the low throughput of traditional nanoscopic *** far,Chip-nanoscopy,nanoscopy in which sample illumination is performed by an integrated photonic chip instead of bulk optics,has been shown to provide an enhanced field of view and throughput for cell ***,a new development shows that chip-nanoscopy also offers interesting progress for the study of histological samples offering a complementary technique to electron microscopy for histopathology assessment.

关键词： nanos offering illumination

Progress on band structure engineering of twisted bilayer and two-dimensional moiré heterostructures

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Chinese Physics B 2020年第12期29卷 5-16页

作者： Wei Yao martin Aeschlimann Shuyun Zhou Department of Physics and Research Center OPTIMAS University of Kaiserslautern67663 KaiserslauternGermany State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics and Department of Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Artificially constructed van der Waals heterostructures(vdWHs)provide an ideal platform for realizing emerging quantum phenomena in condensed matter *** methods for building vdWHs have been developed:stacking two-dimensional(2D)materials into a bilayer structure with different lattice constants,or with different *** interlayer coupling stemming from commensurate or incommensurate superlattice pattern plays an important role in vdWHs for modulating the band structures and generating new electronic *** this article,we review a series of novel quantum states discovered in two model vdWH systems—graphene/hexagonal boron nitride(hBn)hetero-bilayer and twisted bilayer graphene(tBLG),and discuss how the electronic structures are modified by such stacking and *** also provide perspectives for future studies on hetero-bilayer materials,from which an expansion of 2D material phase library is expected.

关键词： twisted bilayer graphene van der Waals heterostructure band structure engineering