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Microtopography causes small-scale variation in harvest and forage quality of high-yielding silage grassland in northern Germany

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Grassland Research 2024年第1期3卷 33-42页

作者： Angelika Mroncz Johannes Isselstein martin komainda Christoph Leuschner Department of Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany Department of Crop Sciences Grassland ScienceUniversity of GoettingenGöttingenGermany

Background:Local sward dieback,especially in grasslands on peat soil,in response to the extreme 2018/2019 drought demonstrates climate vulnerability of intensive grasslands in northern Central ***:We explore the inﬂuence of microtopography,that is,the within-ﬁeld mosaic of depressions and elevated patches,on soil volumetric moisture content,standing biomass and biomass crude protein(CP)andﬁbre content in intensively managed grassland on peat soil in a moist year(2021)and a dry year(2022)for quantifying small-scale spatial heterogeneity within aﬁ***:We found high within-ﬁeld variation in soil moisture,biomass and forage quality and a moisture dependence of productivity that was stronger in the dry *** ranged from 10%to 25%within aﬁeld,being lower in moist depressions than elevated patches in the wet(but not in the dry)***:The moister depressions help to limit the overall productivity decline in dry summers,whereas,in moist summers,the higher dry patches produce more protein-rich forage than the depressions,where productivity is higher but quality is *** recommend adapting grassland management to this heterogeneity through spatially differentiated management regimes in order to better cope with an increasingly drier and more variable climate.

关键词： biomass map dairy farming drought elevation differences protein content silage grassland soil

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林牧系统的树木中豆科植物的比例减少并不影响其内部的氮吸收效率

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2023年第3期16卷 40-53页

作者： Andrea Schmiedgen martin komainda Manfred Kayser Bettina Tonn Johannes Isselstein Grassland Science Department of Crop SciencesGeorg-August-University GöttingenD-37075 GöttingenGermany Centre of Biodiversity&Sustainable Land Use D-37077 GöttingenGermany Geo-Lab University of VechtaD-49377 VechtaGermany Department of Livestock Sciences FiBLCH-5070 FrickSwitzerland

在以豆科植物为主的草地中,豆科植物通过生物固氮为草地提供氮(N)。以往对林牧系统的研究发现,树木附近的豆科植物比例下降,将导致N供应以及树间草坪收获的牧草中N浓度的空间变化。在自然生态系统中,氮吸收效率(NRE)随着养分限制而增加... 详细信息

在以豆科植物为主的草地中,豆科植物通过生物固氮为草地提供氮(N)。以往对林牧系统的研究发现,树木附近的豆科植物比例下降,将导致N供应以及树间草坪收获的牧草中N浓度的空间变化。在自然生态系统中,氮吸收效率(NRE)随着养分限制而增加,所以在树木附近豆科植物比较稀缺。本研究验证了以下假设,即树木附近的NRE增加,补偿了豆科植物相对于牧草中N浓度的损失。为此,本研究分析了5年前建立的巷道种植系统中,分布在林木间的两种由豆科草本植物为主的植被组成。研究结果表明,豆科植物的比例向树线方向下降了45%,因此,活的和枯死的牧草中的N浓度也下降了,但平均仅下降了15%。由于N浓度降低以及靠近树木的牧草质量下降,N产量最多下降了50%。尽管树木附近的豆科植物减少,但无论植被组成如何,NRE都不受树线的影响。此外,与未管理的生态系统相比,收获之间的落叶间隔较短的林牧草地中管理草坪的内部N循环的相关性较低。豆科植物的比例控制着活的和枯死的草本植物的N浓度,而与林牧系统中的树木遮阴无关。

关键词：农林业氮循环草地管理豆科植物

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Soil organic carbon stocks and belowground biomass in patches in heterogeneous grassland

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Grassland Research 2023年第4期2卷 279-288页

作者： martin komainda Eliana Mohn Klára Kajzrová Kilian Obermeyer Jan Titěra Vilém Pavlů Johannes Isselstein Department of Crop Sciences Grassland ScienceGeorg-August-UniversityGöttingenGermany Faculty of Science Humanities and EducationTechnical University of LiberecLiberecCzechia Department of Agroecology and Crop Production Faculty of AgrobiologyFood and Natural ResourcesCzech University of Life SciencesPrahaCzechia University of Vechta VechtaGermany Grassland Research Station Liberec Department of Weeds and Vegetation of AgroecosystemsCrop Research InstitutePrahaCzechia Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use GöttingenGermany

Background:Selective grazing creates stable patches of contrasting sward height,thereby providing different growth conditions for the grass sward above and below ground and potentially affecting soil organic carbon(SOC)*** hypothesized that the presence of patches leads to greater spatial variability in belowground biomass(BGB)and SOC stocks than occurs between pastures managed under different stocking ***:A long-term grazing experiment consisting of three stocking intensities was used for this *** studied BGB,SOC,and soil total nitrogen(Ntot)stocks in the 0-15 cm soil *** diversity of plant species,soil bulk density,soil phosphorus,potassium,and magnesium contents were ***:There were no significant effects of patch or stocking intensity on BGB,SOC,and Ntot *** patches had a greater Shannon diversity than tall patches(p<0.05)and plant-available nutrients in soil correlated positively with sward height(p<0.05).Conclusions:We conclude from the current results and previous studies that higher plant species diversity with lower soil nutrient contents in short-patch areas and higher nutrient contents together with light competition in tall-patch areas might balance each other out with respect to BGB and SOC stocks.

关键词： grazing land roots seminatural grassland soil organic matter stocking rate

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