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Pharmacology & Pharmacy 2013年第4期4卷 385-391页

作者： Henry Nettey Grace Lovia Allotey-Babington martin j. d’souza department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Mercer University Atlanta USA department of Pharmaceutics and Microbiology School of Pharmacy University of Ghana Legon Ghana

Sepsis is a host’s response to an intravascular infection;however, in most patients the disease recurs after a seemingly effective treatment. The reappearance of bacteria in the systemic circulation has been attributed to their ability to enter and hide within host endothelial cells. This study shows that internalized S. aureus is released into circulation by a possible mechanism of exocytosis through actin polymerization. Bacterial cell wall components (permeation enhancers) were significantly more effective in altering endothelial cell monolayer integrity than controls. Vancomycin has been determined to be effective in the treatment of S. aureus infections;however, the microencapsulated formulation of vancomycin was significantly more effective in reducing plasma and intra-tissue S. aureus than the conventional solution formulation. Microencapsulation of vancomycin, using albumin as a matrix, did not alter the bioactivity of the drug.

关键词： Microencapsulation Endothelial Cells Permeation Enhancers Albumin

Protein Nutrition and Endurance Exercise：What does Science Say？

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中国运动医学杂志 2008年第6期27卷 772-774页

作者： martin j. Gibala, Ph.d. department of Kinesiology McMaster University

Introduction Athletes,coaches and scientists have recognized for decades that training and nutrition are highly interrelated when it comes to improving *** accumulating body of scientific evidence now confirms that nutrition can profoundly influence the molecular and cellular processes that occur in muscle during exercise and recovery[1].

关键词：蛋白质营养学耐力运动运动医学

A numerical assessment of two geometries for reducing elbow erosion

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Particuology 2020年第2期18卷 117-133页

作者： Carlos Antonio Ribeiro duarte Francisco j.séde souza diego Nei Venturi martin Sommerfeld department of Engineering Federal University of Goiás-Regional Catal(a)oAv.Dr.Lamartine Pinto de Avelar1120Catal(a)oGoiásBrazil School of Mechanical Engineering Federal University of Uberl(a)ndiaAv.Joāo Naves de(A)vila2121 Bloco 5PUberl(a)ndiaMinas GeraisBrazil Multiphase Flow Systems(MPS) Otto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgZeppelinstraβe 1D-06130 Halle(Saale)Germany

Elbows in pneumatic conveying systems are normally prone to the erosive effects of conveyed *** are a number of solutions available to reduce such damage.A widely used geometric alternative for replacing the 90°elbow and reducing erosive wear is the plugged *** option,although less commonly used,is the vortex-chamber *** both cases,the effective reduction in erosion brought about is unclear,as it strongly depends on the operating *** present study assesses relative erosion among the plugged tee,vortex-chamber elbow,and standard elbow for a dilute gas-solid multiphase flow.A numerical model is employed to predict the penetration ratio and validated using experimental data for the plugged *** are run for the standard and vortex-chamber elbows and plugged tee under the same conditions to compare the mechanics involved and the relative erosion *** analysis uses variables relating to particle-wall interactions(impact angle,impact velocity,impact frequency)to illustrate the nature of the erosive process in each pipe *** general,the geometric configurations of both the plugged tee and vortex-chamber elbow promote changes in particle dynamics that reduce the rate of *** the basis of the relative erosion of the standard elbow,the plugged tee proves to be an interesting option in cases of a low mass loading,while the vortex-chamber elbow demonstrates its erosion reduction potential for higher mass loading ***,the advantages and disadvantages of each fitting are highlighted.

关键词： Relative erosion Plugged tee Erosion reduction Pipe fitting Computational fluid dynamics

On the Structure of Graded Leibniz Algebras

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Algebra Colloquium 2015年第1期22卷 83-96页

作者： Antonio j. Calderon martin j.se M. Sfinchez delgado departamento de Matemdticas Universidad de Cadiz 11510 Puerto Real Cadiz Spain

We study the structure of graded Leibniz algebras with arbitrary dimension and over an arbitrary base field K. We show that any of such algebras ￡ with a symmetric G-support is of the form ￡ = U-∑j.j.with U a subspace of ￡1, the homogeneous component associated to the unit element 1 in G, and any Ij.a well described graded ideal of ￡, satisfying [Ij. Ik]= 0 if j. k. In the case of ￡ being of maximal length, we characterize the gr-simplicity of the algebra in terms of connections in the support of the grading.

关键词： graded Leibniz algebra infinite dimensional Leibniz algebra structure theory

Chemical deception among ant social parasites

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 62-75页

作者： Rhian M. GUILLEM Falko dRIj.HOUT Stephen j. martin department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffieid S 10 2TN UK Chemical Ecology Group School of Physical and Geographical Sciences Lennard-Jones Laboratory Keele University ST5 5BG UK School of Environment and Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK

deception is widespread throughout the animal kingdom and various deceptive strategies are exemplified by social parasites. These are species of ants, bees and wasps that have evolved to invade, survive and reproduce within a host colony of another social species. This is achieved principally by chemical deception that tricks the host workers into treating the invading parasite as their own kin. Achieving levels of acceptance into typically hostile host colonies requires an amazing level of decep- tion as social insects have evolved complex species- and colony-specific recognition systems. This allows the detection of for- eigners, both hetero- and con-specific. Therefore, social parasitic ants not only have to overcome the unique species recognition profiles that each ant species produces, but also the subtle variations in theses profiles which generate the colony-specific profiles We present data on the level of chemical similarity between social parasites and their hosts in four different systems and then discuss these data in the wider context with previous studies, especially in respect to using multivariate statistical methods when looking for differences in these systems.

关键词： Mimicry Social parasites Cuticular hydrocarbons Multivariate statistics

The Quaternary： its character and definition

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 234-238页

作者： martin j. Head Philip Gibbard Amos Salvador department of Earth Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A 1 Canada. Cambridge Quaternary Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom. department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712 U.S.A.

The Quaternary, is characterised by the development of widespread glaciations in mid-northern latitudes. As a chronostratigraphic term it has attracted vigorous debate. The Quaternao; as accepted by the International Union for Quaternary Research and proposed by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, begins at 2.6 Ma within a 2.8-2.4 Ma interval of profound change in Earth＇s climate system.

关键词：第四纪地质时代地球特征清晰度

The Tertiary： a proposal for its formal definition

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 248-250页

作者： martin j. Head Philip Gibbard Amos Salvador department of Earth Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada. Cambridge Quaternary Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom. department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 U.S.A.

The term Tertiary, subdivided into the Paleogene and Neogene, is traditionally used to represent the interval of geological time between the Cretaceous and Quaternary. In the 1990s, however, the Neogene and Paleogene were ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences as periods/systems of the Cenozoic Era/Erathem, leaving the Tertiary officially undefined. The Tertiary nonetheless remains a formal term that has never been officially eliminated, and its widespread use today implies a long future.

关键词：地球第三纪地质时代清晰度地质学

Multi-obj.ctive optimization design of bridge piers with hybrid heuristic algorithms

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j.urnal of Zhej.ang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第6期13卷 420-432页

作者： Francisco j. martinEZ-martin Fernando GONZALEZ-VIdOSA Antonio HOSPITALER Víctor YEPES department of Geotechnical Engineering Universitat Politècnica de València 46022 Valencia Spain department of Construction Engineering ICITECH Universitat Politècnica de València 46022 Valencia Spain

This paper describes one approach to the design of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers, using a three-hybrid multi- obj.ctive simulated annealing (SA) algorithm with a neighborhood move based on the mutation operator from the genetic algorithms (GAs), namely MOSAMO1, MOSAMO2 and MOSAMO3. The procedure is applied to three obj.ctive functions: the economic cost, the reinforcing steel congestion and the embedded CO 2 emissions. Additional results for a random walk and a descent local search multi-obj.ctive algorithm are presented. The evaluation of solutions follows the Spanish Code for structural concrete. The methodology was applied to a typical bridge pier of 23.97 m in height. This example involved 110 design variables. Results indicate that algorithm MOSAMO2 outperforms other algorithms regarding the definition of Pareto fronts. Further, the proposed procedure will help structural engineers to enhance their bridge pier designs.

关键词： Bridge piers Concrete structures Multi-obj.ctive optimization Simulated annealing (SA) Structural design

Recognition of nestmate eggs in the ant Formicafusca is based on queen derived cues

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 131-136页

作者： Heikki HELANTERA Stephen j. martin Francis L.W. RATNIEKS Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biosciences POB 65 University of Helsinki Finland School of Environment & Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK Laboratory ofApiculture & Social Insects (LASI) School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Falmer Brighton UK

Inclusive fitness benefits depend on recognizing the right individuals to interact with. Social insect nests protect themselves from non-kin intruders through nestmate recognition based on chemical cues. The recognition cues on adult individu- als are from a mixture of genetic and environmental sources, but the ontogeny and use of recognition cues on eggs has not been previously assessed. We studied recognition by workers of eggs that were either nestmates or non-nestmates, and the ontogeny of recognition cues on eggs in the ant Formica fusca, a species with precise egg recognition abilities. Workers were able to dis- criminate among freshly laid eggs with no nest derived cues on them, and the egg surface chemicals varied among nests in these eggs, suggesting that queen derived cues are used in nestmate recognition. The results are discussed in the light of their implica- tions on deceptive social parasite strategies and within colony conflicts

关键词： Nestmate recognition Social insects Social parasitism Formicafusca Cuticular hydrocarbons

Evaluating alternative stem cell hypotheses for adult corneal epithelial maintenance

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World j.urnal of Stem Cells 2015年第2期7卷 281-299页

作者： j.hn d West Natalie j.dorà j.martin Collinson Genes and development Group Centre for Integrative PhysiologyCollege of Medicine and Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Edinburgh Institute of Medical Sciences School of Medical SciencesCollege of Life Sciences and MedicineForesterhillUniversity of Aberdeen

In this review we evaluate evidence for three different hypotheses that explain how the corneal epithelium is maintained. The limbal epithelial stem cell(LESC)hypothesis is most widely accepted. This proposes that stem cells in the basal layer of the limbal epithelium, at the periphery of the cornea, maintain themselves and also produce transient(or transit) amplifying cells(TACs). TACs then move centripetally to the centre of the cornea in the basal layer of the corneal epithelium and also replenish cells in the overlying suprabasal layers. The LESCs maintain the corneal epithelium during normal homeostasis and become more active to repair significant wounds. Second, the corneal epithelial stem cell(CESC) hypothesis postulates that, during normal homeostasis, stem cells distributed throughout the basal corneal epithelium, maintain the tissue. According to this hypothesis, LESCs are present in the limbus but are only active during wound healing. We also consider a third possibility, that the corneal epithelium is maintained during normal homeostasis by proliferation of basal corneal epithelial cells without any input from stem cells. After reviewing the published evidence, we conclude that the LESC and CESC hypotheses are consistent with more of the evidence than the third hypothesis, so we do not consider this further. The LESC and CESC hypotheses each have difficulty accounting for one main type of evidence so we evaluate the two key lines of evidence that discriminate between them. Finally, we discuss how lineage-tracing experiments have begun to resolve the debate in favour of the LESC hypothesis. Nevertheless, it also seems likely that some basal corneal epithelial cells can act as long-term progenitors if limbal stem cell function is compromised. Thus, this aspect of the CESC hypothesis may have a lasting impact on our understanding of corneal epithelial maintenance, even if it is eventually shown that stem cells are restricted to the limbus as proposed by the

关键词： Eye Cornea Corneal epithelium Limbalepithelium Stem cell Lineage tracing