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Recognition of nestmate eggs in the ant Formicafusca is based on queen derived cues

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Current Zoology 2014年第1期60卷 131-136页

作者： Heikki HELANTERA Stephen j. martin Francis L.W. RATNIEKS Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions Department of Biosciences POB 65 University of Helsinki Finland School of Environment & Life Sciences University of Salford Manchester M5 4WT UK Laboratory ofApiculture & Social Insects (LASI) School of Life Sciences University of Sussex Falmer Brighton UK

Inclusive fitness benefits depend on recognizing the right individuals to interact with. Social insect nests protect themselves from non-kin intruders through nestmate recognition based on chemical cues. The recognition cues on adult individu- als are from a mixture of genetic and environmental sources, but the ontogeny and use of recognition cues on eggs has not been previously assessed. We studied recognition by workers of eggs that were either nestmates or non-nestmates, and the ontogeny of recognition cues on eggs in the ant Formica fusca, a species with precise egg recognition abilities. Workers were able to dis- criminate among freshly laid eggs with no nest derived cues on them, and the egg surface chemicals varied among nests in these eggs, suggesting that queen derived cues are used in nestmate recognition. The results are discussed in the light of their implica- tions on deceptive social parasite strategies and within colony conflicts

关键词： Nestmate recognition Social insects Social parasitism Formicafusca Cuticular hydrocarbons

Multi-objective optimization design of bridge piers with hybrid heuristic algorithms

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journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第6期13卷 420-432页

作者： Francisco j. martinEZ-martin Fernando GONZALEZ-VIDOSA Antonio HOSPITALER Víctor YEPES Department of Geotechnical Engineering Universitat Politècnica de València 46022 Valencia Spain Department of Construction Engineering ICITECH Universitat Politècnica de València 46022 Valencia Spain

This paper describes one approach to the design of reinforced concrete (RC) bridge piers, using a three-hybrid multi- objective simulated annealing (SA) algorithm with a neighborhood move based on the mutation operator from the genetic algorithms (GAs), namely MOSAMO1, MOSAMO2 and MOSAMO3. The procedure is applied to three objective functions: the economic cost, the reinforcing steel congestion and the embedded CO 2 emissions. Additional results for a random walk and a descent local search multi-objective algorithm are presented. The evaluation of solutions follows the Spanish Code for structural concrete. The methodology was applied to a typical bridge pier of 23.97 m in height. This example involved 110 design variables. Results indicate that algorithm MOSAMO2 outperforms other algorithms regarding the definition of Pareto fronts. Further, the proposed procedure will help structural engineers to enhance their bridge pier designs.

关键词： Bridge piers Concrete structures Multi-objective optimization Simulated annealing (SA) Structural design

The Quaternary： its character and definition

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 234-238页

作者： martin j. Head Philip Gibbard Amos Salvador Department of Earth Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A 1 Canada. Cambridge Quaternary Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom. Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin AustinTexas 78712 U.S.A.

The Quaternary, is characterised by the development of widespread glaciations in mid-northern latitudes. As a chronostratigraphic term it has attracted vigorous debate. The Quaternao; as accepted by the International Union for Quaternary Research and proposed by the International Commission on Stratigraphy, begins at 2.6 Ma within a 2.8-2.4 Ma interval of profound change in Earth＇s climate system.

关键词：第四纪地质时代地球特征清晰度

The Tertiary： a proposal for its formal definition

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Episodes 2008年第2期31卷 248-250页

作者： martin j. Head Philip Gibbard Amos Salvador Department of Earth Sciences Brock University 500 Glenridge Avenue St. Catharines Ontario L2S 3A1 Canada. Cambridge Quaternary Department of Geography University of Cambridge Downing Place Cambridge CB2 3EN United Kingdom. Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at Austin Austin Texas 78712 U.S.A.

The term Tertiary, subdivided into the Paleogene and Neogene, is traditionally used to represent the interval of geological time between the Cretaceous and Quaternary. In the 1990s, however, the Neogene and Paleogene were ratified by the International Union of Geological Sciences as periods/systems of the Cenozoic Era/Erathem, leaving the Tertiary officially undefined. The Tertiary nonetheless remains a formal term that has never been officially eliminated, and its widespread use today implies a long future.

关键词：地球第三纪地质时代清晰度地质学

Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Symptoms,risk factors and mechanisms

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期19卷 185-198页

作者： Abobakr K Shadad Frank j Sullivan joseph D martin Laurence j Egan Department of Gastroenterology University Hospital GalwayUniversity Hospital Galway34562 GalwayIreland Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineUniversity Hospital Galway34562 GalwayIreland Department of Radiation Oncology National University of Ireland GalwayUniversity Hospital Galway34562 GalwayIreland

Ionising radiation therapy is a common treatment modality for different types of cancer and its use is expected to increase with advances in screening and early detection of *** injury to the gastrointestinal tract is important factor working against better utility of this important therapeutic *** survivors can suffer a wide variety of acute and chronic symptoms following radiotherapy,which significantly reduces their quality of life as well as adding an extra burden to the cost of health *** accurate diagnosis and treatment of intestinal radiation injury often represents a clinical challenge to practicing physicians in both gastroenterology and *** the growing recognition of the problem and some advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms of radiation injury,relatively little is known about the pathophysiology of gastrointestinal radiation injury or any possible susceptibility factors that could aggravate its *** aims of this review are to examine the various clinical manifestations of post-radiation gastrointestinal symptoms,to discuss possible patient and treatment factors implicated in normal gastrointestinal tissue radiosensitivity and to outline different mechanisms of intestinal tissue injury.

关键词： Radiation enteritis Radiation proctitis Symptoms Pathophysiology Risk factors

Gastrointestinal radiation injury:Prevention and treatment

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第2期19卷 199-208页

With the recent advances in detection and treatment of cancer,there is an increasing emphasis on the efficacy and safety aspects of cancer *** therapy is a common treatment for a wide variety of cancers,either alone or in combination with other *** radiation injury to the gastrointestinal tract is a frequent side effect of radiation therapy and a considerable proportion of patients suffer acute or chronic gastrointestinal symptoms as a *** side effects often cause morbidity and may in some cases lower the efficacy of radiotherapy *** injury to the gastrointestinal tract can be minimised by either of two strategies:technical strategies which aim to physically shift radiation dose away from the normal intestinal tissues,and biological strategies which aim to modulate the normal tissue response to ionising radiation or to increase its resistance to *** considerable improvement in the safety of radiotherapy treatment has been achieved through the use of modern optimised planning and delivery techniques,biological techniques may offer additional further *** agents have been used to prevent or minimize the severity of gastrointestinal injury induced by ionising radiation exposure,including biological,chemical and pharmacological *** this review we aim to discuss various technical strategies to prevent gastrointestinal injury during cancer radiotherapy,examine the different therapeutic options for acute and chronic gastrointestinal radiation injury and outline some examples of research directions and considerations for prevention at a pre-clinical level.

关键词： Radiation enteritis Radiation proctitis Prevention Treatment Gastrointestinal radiation injury

Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications:a review

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Light(Science & Applications) 2021年第11期10卷 2028-2047页

作者： Chao He Honghui He jintao Chang Binguo Chen Hui Ma martin j.Booth Department of Engineering Science University of OxfordParks RoadOxford OX13PJUK Guangdong Engineering Center of Polarisation Imaging and Sensing Technology Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University518055 ShenzhenChina Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua University518055 ShenzhenChina Department of Physics Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Department of Biomedical Engineering Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina

Many polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research,each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by *** advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques,physical interpretation methods,and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and *** this review,we focus mainly on summarising methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry,with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes-Mueller *** recent breakthroughs,development trends,and potential multimodal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also *** primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.

关键词： clinical optics breakthrough

Mobility of charge carriers in mineral oil and ester fluids

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High Voltage 2021年第6期6卷 1040-1050页

作者： Qingjiang Xue Igor Timoshkin Mark PWilson martin Given Scott j.MacGregor Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University of StrathclydeGlasgowUK

New,more stringent environmental requirements for electrical insulation liquids have led to the development of novel,more environment‐friendly liquid *** fluids,introduced several decades ago,provide a viable alternative to traditional mineral insu-lating *** order to expand the practical applications of these novel dielectric fluids,their dielectric and electrical parameters should be *** of the critical pa-rameters that affects and governs the development of pre‐breakdown processes in insulating liquids is the mobility of charge *** the present paper,the mobility of charge carriers in commercially available synthetic and natural insulating ester fluids and in a mineral insulating oil were obtained using two methods,the time of flight and the space charge saturation current *** mobility was obtained for a wide range of electrical field *** was found that the mobility of charge carriers is greater in the mineral oil than in both,the natural and synthetic,ester *** was also established that the mobility is higher for higher applied electric *** results of this work will help in characterizing liquid dielectrics and in optimizing high‐voltage systems in which liquid dielectrics,including natural and synthetic ester fluids,are used.

关键词： field. charge liquids

Solving surface plasmon resonances and near field in metallic nanostructures:Green’s matrix method and its applications

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第24期55卷 2608-2617页

作者： GU Ying LI jia martin Olivier j F GONG QiHuang State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics Department of Physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China Nanophotonics and Metrology Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL) CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland

With the development of nanotechnology,many new optical phenomena in nanoscale have been *** the coupling of optical waves and collective oscillations of free electrons in metallic nanostructures,surface plasmon polaritons can be excited accompanying a strong near field enhancement that decays in a subwavelength scale,which have potential applications in the surface-enhanced Raman scattering,biosensor,optical communication,solar cells,and nonlinear optical frequency *** the present article,we review the Green's matrix method for solving the surface plasmon resonances and near field in arbitrarily shaped nanostructures and in binary metallic *** this method,we design the plasmonic nanostructures whose resonances are tunable from the visible to near-infrared,study the interplay of plasmon resonances,and propose a new way to control plasmonic resonances in binary metallic nanostructures.

关键词：表面等离子体共振纳米结构二元金属矩阵方法近场应用表面增强拉曼散射表面等离子激元