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Carbon dioxide enrichment affected flower numbers transiently and increased successful post-pollination development stably but without altering final acorn production in mature pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.)

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Journal of Forestry Research 2024年第4期35卷 1-12页

作者： Ryan McClory Richard H.Ellis martin Lukac Jo Clark Carolina Mayoral Kris M.Hart Andrew R.G.Plackett A.Rob MacKenzie School of Agriculture Policy and DevelopmentUniversity of ReadingAgricultureEarley GateWhiteknights RoadPO Box 237Reading RG66EUUK Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences Czech University of Life Sciences PraguePrague 165000Czechia Future Trees Trust Harwell Innovation CentreBuilding 173Curie AvenueHarwellOxford OX110QGUK Birmingham Institute of Forest Research University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Biosciences University of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK School of Geography Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbastonBirmingham B152TTUK

Acorn production in oak(Quercus spp.)shows considerable inter-annual variation,known as masting,which provides a natural defence against seed predators but a highly-variable supply of acorns for uses such as in commercial tree planting each *** emissions of greenhouse gases have been very widely reported to influence plant growth and seed or fruit size and quantity via the‘fertilisation effect’that leads to enhanced *** examine if acorn production in mature woodland communities will be affected by further increase in CO_(2),the contents of litter traps from a Free Air Carbon Enrichment(FACE)experiment in deciduous woodland in central England were analysed for numbers of flowers and acorns of pedunculate oak(Quercus robur L.)at different stages of development and their predation levels under ambient and elevated CO_(2) ***-annual variation in acorn numbers was considerable and cyclical between 2015 and 2021,with the greatest numbers of mature acorns in 2015,2017 and 2020 but almost none in *** numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,immature acorns,empty acorn cups,and galls in the litter traps also varied amongst years;comparatively high numbers of enlarged cups were recorded in 2018,suggesting *** at this site is a fruit maturation masting species(i.e.,the extent of abortion of pollinated flowers during acorn development affects mature acorn numbers greatly).Raising the atmospheric CO_(2) concentration by 150μL L^(−1),from early 2017,increased the numbers of immature acorns,and all acorn evidence(empty cups+immature acorns+mature acorns)detected in the litter traps compared to ambient controls by 2021,but did not consistently affect the numbers of flowers,enlarged cups,empty cups,or mature *** number of flowers in the elevated CO_(2) plots’litter traps was greater in 2018 than 2017,one year after CO_(2) enrichment began,whereas numbers declined in ambient *** with CO_(2) also increased the number o

关键词： Quercus robur L. Acorns Masting Pedunculate oak Carbon dioxide

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Highly Active Interfacial Sites in SFT-SnO_(2) Heterojunction Electrolyte for Enhanced Fuel Cell Performance via Engineered Energy Bands:Envisioned Theoretically and Experimentally

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 384-397页

作者： Sajid Rauf Muhammad Bilal Hanif Faiz Wali Zuhra Tayyab Bin Zhu Naveed Mushtaq Yatao Yang Kashif Khan Peter D.Lund martin Motola Wei Xu College of Electronic and Information Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Radio frequency Heterogeneous Integration Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518000China Department of Inorganic Chemistry Faculty of Natural SciencesComenius University in BratislavaIlkovicova 684215BratislavaSlovakia College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China School of Energy and Environment Southeast UniversityNo.2 Si Pai LouNanjing 210096China School of Materials and Energy University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China New Energy Technologies Group Department of Applied PhysicsAalto University School of ScienceP.O.Box 15100Fl-00076AaltoEspoo Finland

Extending the ionic conductivity is the pre-requisite of electrolytes in fuel cell technology for high-electrochemical *** this regard,the introduction of semiconductor-oxide materials and the approach of heterostructure formation by modulating energy bands to enhance ionic conduction acting as an electrolyte in fuel ***(n-type;SnO_(2))plays a key role by introducing into p-type SrFe_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_(3-δ)(SFT)semiconductor perovskite materials to construct p-n heterojunction for high ionic ***,two different composites of SFT and SnO_(2)are constructed by gluing p-and n-type SFT-SnO_(2),where the optimal composition of SFT-SnO_(2)(6∶4)heterostructure electrolyte-based fuel cell achieved excellent ionic conductivity 0.24 S cm^(-1)with power-output of 1004 mW cm^(-2)and high OCV 1.12 V at a low operational temperature of 500℃.The high power-output and significant ionic conductivity with durable operation of 54 h are accredited to SFT-SnO_(2)heterojunction formation including interfacial conduction assisted by a built-in electric field in fuel cell ***,the fuel conversion efficiency and considerable Faradaic efficiency reveal the compatibility of SFT-SnO_(2)heterostructure electrolyte and ruled-out short-circuiting ***,the first principle calculation provides sufficient information on structure optimization and energy-band structure modulation of SFT-SnO_(2).This strategy will provide new insight into semiconductor-based fuel cell technology to design novel electrolytes.

关键词： high ionic conductivity interfacial conduction modulated energy band structure p-n heterojunction semiconductors

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FGFR3 alterations in bladder cancer:Sensitivity and resistance to targeted therapies

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Cancer Communications 2024年第10期44卷 1189-1208页

作者： Maxim Noeraparast Katarina Krajina Renate Pichler Dora Nieders-Beke Shahrokh F Shariat Viktor Grünwald Sascha Ahyai martin Pichler Translational Oncology II.Med Clinics Hematology and OncologyAugsburgGermany Department of Urology Medical University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria Department of Hematology and Oncology Clinics OttakringViennaAustria Department of Urology Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria Interdisciplinary Genitourinary Oncology Clinic for UrologyClinic for Medical OncologyUniversity Hospital EssenHufelandstrase 55EssenGermany Department of Urology Medical University of GrazGrazAustria

In this review,we revisit the pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)in bladder cancer(BLCA),underscoring its prevalence in both nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive forms of the ***3 mutations in up to half of BLCAs play a well-established role in tumorigenesis,shaping distinct tumor initiation patterns and impacting the tumor microenvironment(TME).Emphasizing the importance of considering epithelial-mesenchymal transition profile and TME status,we revisit their relevance in predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in FGFR3-mutated *** writing highlights the initially promising yet transient efficacy of the FGFR inhibitor Erdafitinib on FGFR3-mutated BLCA,stressing the pressing need to unravel resistance mechanisms and identify co-targets for future combinatorial studies.A thorough analysis of recent preclinical and clinical evidence reveals resistance mechanisms,including secondarymutations,epigenetic alterations in pathway effectors,phenotypic heterogeneity,and population-specific variations within FGFR3 mutational ***,we discuss the potential of combinatorial treatments and concepts like synthetic lethality for discovering more effective targeted therapies against FGFR3-mutated BLCA.

关键词： Bladder Cancer Erdafitinib FGFR inhibition FGFR3 mutations Resistance to Erdafitinib Tumor Microenvironment

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Incidence of respiratory infections and SARS-CoV-2 is higher during contact phases in student rugby players–Lessons learnt from COVID-19 risk mitigation strategies–AWARE V

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2024年第3期6卷 252-259页

作者： Carolette Snyders Nicola Sewry Wayne Derman Maaike Eken Esme Jordaan Sonja Swanevelder martin Schwellnus Sport Exercise Medicine and Lifestyle Institute(SEMLI)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa Section Sports Medicine Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of PretoriaSouth Africa IOC Research Centre of South Africa South Africa Institute of Sport and Exercise Medicine Department of ExerciseSport and Lifestyle MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesStellenbosch UniversitySouth Africa Biostatistics Unit South African Medical Research CouncilSouth Africa Statistics and Population Studies Department University of the Western CapeSouth Africa

The incidence of acute respiratory infections(ARinf),including SARS-CoV-2,in unvaccinated student rugby players during phases from complete lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic to returning to competition is *** aim of the study was to determine the incidence of ARinf(including SARS-CoV-2)during noncontact and contact phases during the COVID-19 pandemic to evaluate risk mitigation *** this retrospective cohort study,319 top tier rugby players from 17 universities completed an online *** was reported during 4 phases over 14 months(April 2020–May 2021):phase 1(individual training),phase 2(non-contact team training),phase 3(contact team training)and phase 4(competition).Incidence(per 1000 player days)and Incidence Ratio(IR)for‘All ARinf’,and subgroups(SARS-CoV-2;‘Other ARinf’)are *** factors associated with ARinf were also *** incidence of‘All ARinf’(0.31)was significantly higher for SARS-CoV-2(0.23)vs.‘Other ARinf’(0.08)(p<0.01).The incidence of‘All ARinf’(IR¼3.6;p<0.01)and SARS-CoV-2(IR¼4.2;p<0.01)infection was significantly higher during contact(phases 3þ4)compared with non-contact(phases 1þ2).Demographics,level of sport,co-morbidities,allergies,influenza vaccination,injuries and lifestyle habits were not associated with ARinf *** student rugby,contact phases are associated with a 3–4 times higher incidence of ARinf/SARS-CoV-2 compared to non-contact *** risk mitigation strategies in the contact sport setting are *** from this study serve as a platform to which future research on incidence of ARinf in athletes within contact team sports,can be compared.

关键词： COVID-19 Athletes Risk Prevention Epidemiology

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Enhancing 3D Reconstruction Accuracy of FIB Tomography Data Using Multi‑voltage Images and Multimodal Machine Learning

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2024年第1期7卷 48-60页

作者： Trushal Sardhara Alexander Shkurmanov Yong Li Lukas Riedel Shan Shi Christian J.Cyron Roland C.Aydin martin Ritter Institute for Continuum and Material Mechanics Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Electron Microscopy Unit Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Physics and Technology Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Materials Mechanics Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany Research Group of Integrated Metallic Nanomaterials Systems Hamburg University of TechnologyHamburgGermany Institute of Material Systems Modeling Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonGeesthachtGermany

FIB-SEM tomography is a powerful technique that integrates a focused ion beam(FIB)and a scanning electron microscope(SEM)to capture high-resolution imaging data of *** approach involves collecting in-plane SEM imagesand using FIB to remove material layers for imaging subsequent planes,thereby producing image ***,theseimage stacks in FIB-SEM tomography are subject to the shine-through effect,which makes structures visible from theposterior regions of the current *** artifact introduces an ambiguity between image intensity and structures in thecurrent plane,making conventional segmentation methods such as thresholding or the k-means algorithm *** study,we propose a multimodal machine learning approach that combines intensity information obtained at differentelectron beam accelerating voltages to improve the three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of *** treatingthe increased shine-through effect at higher accelerating voltages as a form of additional information,the proposed methodsignificantly improves segmentation accuracy and leads to more precise 3D reconstructions for real FIB tomography data.

关键词： Multimodal machine learning Multi-voltage images FIB-SEM Overdeterministic systems 3D reconstruction FIB tomography

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Exciton-harvesting enabled efficient charged particle detection in zero-dimensional halides

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第9期13卷 1944-1955页

作者： Qian Wang Chenger Wang Hongliang Shi Jie Chen Junye Yang Alena Beitlerova Romana Kucerkova Zhengyang Zhou Yunyun Li martin Nikl Xilei Sun Xiaoping OuYang Yuntao Wu Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Grirem Advanced Materials Co.Ltd.and General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China Department of Physics Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Department of Optical Materials Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of SciencesPrague 16200Czech Republic Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology Xi’an 710024China

Materials for radiation detection are critically important and urgently demanded in diverse fields,starting from fundamental scientific research to medical diagnostics,homeland security,and environmental *** halides(LDHs)exhibiting efficient self-trapped exciton(STE)emission with high photoluminescence quantum yield(PLQY)have recently shown a great potential as ***,an overlooked issue of excitonexciton interaction in LDHs under ionizing radiation hinders the broadening of its radiation detection ***,we demonstrate an exceptional enhancement of exciton-harvesting efficiency in zero-dimensional(0D)Cs3Cu2I5:Tl halide single crystals by forming strongly localized Tl-bound *** of the suppression of nonradiative exciton-exciton interaction,an excellentα/βpulse-shape-discrimination(PSD)figure-of-merit(FoM)factor of 2.64,a superior rejection ratio of 10−9,and a high scintillation yield of 26000 photons MeV−1 under 5.49 MeVα-ray are achieved in Cs3Cu2I5:Tl single crystals,outperforming the commercial ZnS:Ag/PVT composites for charged particle detection ***,a radiation detector prototype based on Cs3Cu2I5:Tl single crystal demonstrates the capability of identifying radioactive 220Rn gas for environmental radiation monitoring *** believe that the exciton-harvesting strategy proposed here can greatly boost the applications of LDHs materials.

关键词： composites particle dimensional

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A multi-photon(7×7)-focus 3D laser printer based on a 3D-printed diffractive optical element and a 3D-printed multi-lens array

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2024年第1期5卷 26-39页

作者： Pascal Kiefer Vincent Hahn Sebastian Kalt Qing Sun Yolita M.Eggeler martin Wegener DMM2O-Cluster of Excellence Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)and Heidelberg University76128 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Applied Physics(APH) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Institute of Nanotechnology(INT) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany Laboratory for Electron Microscopy(LEM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)76128 KarlsruheGermany

One of the challenges in the field of multi-photon 3D laser printing lies in further increasing the print speed in terms of voxels/***,we present a setup based on a 7×7 focus array(rather than 3×3 in our previous work)and using a focus velocity of about 1 m/s(rather than 0.5 m/s in our previous work)at the diffraction limit(40×/NA1.4 microscope objective lens).Combined,this advance leads to a ten times increased print speed of about 108 voxels/*** demonstrate polymer printing of a chiral metamaterial containing more than 1.7×10^(12) voxels as well as millions of printed microparticles for potential pharmaceutical *** critical high-quality micro-optical components of the setup,namely a diffractive optical element generating the 7×7 beamlets and a 7×7 lens array,are manufactured by using a commercial two-photon grayscale 3D laser printer.

关键词： 3D laser printing Direct laser writing Multi-photon absorption Multi-focus optics Diffractive optical element Lens array

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Advanced Insights into Goliathus orientalis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) of Tanzania

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Advances in Entomology 2024年第2期12卷 129-142页

作者： Gration Mutashoberwa Rwegasira Pasiensi martin Kayombo Department of Crop Science and Horticulture Sokoine University of Agriculture Chuo Kikuu Morogoro Tanzania Kayomboi Community Group of Researchers in Insects Morogoro Tanzania

Members of the Goliathus group in the order Coleoptera, family Scarabaeidae and the sub-family Cetoniidae is one among essential ecological insects worldwide with scanty documentation in Tanzania. The country was among the first point of collection of the specimen by Moser (1909) but subsequent attempts to locate and collect the specimen were unsuccessful possibly due to changed habitat and behaviour of Goliathus. Much of published work about the insect are based on the morphological characteristics of collected specimen which led to designation of six major species namely;Goliathus goliatus, G. cacicus, G. regius, G. albosignatus, G. orientalis and G. usambarensis, the last two being considered to exist in Tanzania. The current study reports on successful identification of habitats using biological cues and subsequently collected several Goliathus specimen that had been difficult to trace for more than a century. New insights into correct identity of the species by using a combination of morphological and molecular techniques have been set. The study has resolved that only one species, Goliathus orientalis with five sub-species exist in Tanzania.

关键词： Coleoptera Goliathus Species Morphological Features Barcoding Tanzania

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In situ apatite and carbonate Lu-Hf and molybdenite Re-Os geochronology for ore deposit research:Method validation and example application to Cu-Au mineralisation

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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第5期15卷 339-354页

作者： Alexander Simpson Stijn Glorie martin Hand Sarah E.Gilbert Carl Spandler Marija Dmitrijeva Greg Swain Angus Nixon Jacob Mulder Carsten Münker Department of Earth Sciences University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Mineral Exploration Cooperative Research Centre University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Adelaide Microscopy University of AdelaideSA 5005Australia Fortescue Level 287Adelaide TerraceEast PerthWA 6005Australia Institute of Geology und Mineralogy University of Köln50674 KölnGermany British Geological Survey NottinghamUK

The development of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry(LA-ICP-Q-MS/MS)opens new opportunities to rapidly date a variety of hydrothermal *** we present in situ Lu-Hf and Re-Os dates for hydrothermal apatite and molybdenite,*** further report the first in situ Lu-Hf dates for bastnäsite,dolomite,and siderite,and assess their potential for constraining ore deposit *** method validation,we report isotope-dilution Lu-Hf dates for apatite reference material Bamble-1(1102±5 Ma)and calcite reference material ME-1(1531±7 Ma),enabling improved accuracy on matrix-matched calibration for LA-ICP-MS/MS Lu-Hf *** new methods are applied to the Vulcan Iron-Oxide Copper-Gold(IOCG)prospect in the Olympic Cu-Au Province of South *** deposits have been difficult to accurately date,given the general lack of reliable mineral geochronometers that are cogenetic with IOCG *** apatite Lu-Hf dates and molybdenite Re-Os dates demonstrate that mineralisation at Vulcan largely occurred at ca.1.6 Ga,contemporaneous with the world class Olympic Dam *** data also indicates that the Lu-Hf system in apatite is more robust than the U-Pb system for determining the timing of primary apatite formation in an IOCG *** further demonstrate that dolomite can retain Lu-Hf growth ages over an extended time period(>1.5 billion years),providing constraints on the timing of primary ore mineral crystallisation during brecciation and IOCG ***,late Neoproterozoic(ca.589–544 Ma)and Carboniferous(ca.334±7 Ma)Lu-Hf dates were obtained for texturally late Cubearing carbonate veins,illustrating that the carbonate Lu-Hf method allows direct dating of Cu remobilisation *** has important implications for mineral exploration as the remobilised Cu may have been transferred to younger deposits hosted in Neoproterozoic sedimentary basins overlaying the Olympic IOCG provi

关键词： Reaction-cell ICP-MS In-situ geochronology Lu-Hf Re-Os Iron Oxide Copper Gold Metal fluids

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Effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness:A multi-country cluster randomized controlled trial

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 90-98页

作者： Tania Pinto-Escalona Erica Gobbi Pedro L.Valenzuela Simon J.Bennett Pierluigi Aschieri Manuel martin-Loeches Antonio Paoli Oscar martinez-de-Quel Faculty of Education Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomolecular Sciences University of Urbino“Carlo Bo”Urbino 61029Italy Department of Systems Biology University of AlcaláMadrid 28805Spain Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Faculty of ScienceLiverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpoolL33AFUK Italian Judo WrestlingKarate and Martial Arts FederationRome 00122Italy Psychobiology&Methods for the Behavioural Sciences Department Complutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain Department of Biomedical Sciences University of PaduaPadua 35122Italy

Purpose:To examine the effects of a school-based karate intervention on academic achievement,psychosocial functioning,and physical fitness in children aged 7-8 ***:Twenty schools in 5 different European countries(2 second-grade classrooms per school)participated in a cluster randomized controlled trial(Sport at School trial).Participants were assigned to either a control group,which continued with their habitual physical education lessons,or to an intervention group,which replaced these lessons with a 1-year karate intervention(Karate Mind and Movement program).A total of 721 children(344 girls and 377 boys,7.4±0.5 years old,mean±SD)completed the study,of which 333 and 388 were assigned to the control group and intervention group,*** included academic performance(average grade),psychosocial functioning(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for parents),and different markers of physical fitness(cardiorespiratory fitness,balance,and flexibility).Results:The intervention provided small but significant benefits compared to the control group for academic achievement(d=0.16;p=0.003),conduct problems(d=-0.28;p=0.003),cardiorespiratory fitness(d=0.36;p0.05).Conclusion:A 1-year school-based karate intervention was effective in improving academic achievement,conduct problems,and physical fitness in primary school *** results support the inclusion of karate during physical education lessons.

关键词： Academic performance Cardiorespiratory fitness Conduct problems Karate Physical fitness

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