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An Important Ornithischian Tracksite in the Early Jurassic of the Shenmu Region,Shaanxi,China

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第1期86卷 1-10页

作者： LI Jianjun martin g.lockley ZHANg Yuguang HU Songmei MATSUKAWA Masaki BAI Zhiqiang Beijing Museum of Natural History Beijing 100050China Dinosaur Tracks Museum CB 172University of Colorado at DenverColorado80217-3364 USA Archaeological Research Institute of Shaanxi Province Xi'anShaanxi 710054China Department of Environmental Sciences Tokyo Gakugei UniversityKoganeiTokyo 184-8501Japan School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeo'ing 100871China

A large track site with multiple, well-preserved trackways of an Early Jurassic quadrupedal ornithischian dinosaur is the first report of Moyenisauripus-like trackways from Asia, herein named Shenmuichnus youngteilhardorum. The tracks occur in a clastic fluvial sequence in the Fuxian Formation in Shenmu County, Shaanxi Province, which is in the same general region as the discovery site of Sinoichnites, the first dinosaur track reported from China. Based on size and morphology, it is likely that Sinoichnites, which is now lost, also represents an ornithischian. The Shenmuichnus youngteilhardorum trackways show two modes of preservation： the first representing deeper tracks, with sediment rims, results in Deltapodus-like tracks, with indistinct pes digit traces and sub-circular manus traces, the second produces Moyenosauripus-like tracks, with clear tridactyl and pentadactyl digit traces in the pes and manus respectively. Thus the Shenmu trackways play a key role in resolving globally significant ichnotaxonomic problems surrounding the nomenclature of Sinoichnites, Moyenosauripus, Deltapodus and other named （Ravatichnus） and unnamed trackways from Asia, Africa and Europe. In addition they shed important light on the paleogeographical and paleoecological distribution of quadrupedal ornithischians in the Early Mesozoic. The track site has been the focus of a major excavation to transfer the trackways from their original remote location to the new Shenmu Museum, in Shenmu City. Other tracksites in the area which reveal Anomoepus, grallator and the Deltapodus morphotype, together with Shenmuichnus and plant fossil evidence, suggest an Early Jurassic age for the tracksite.

关键词： dinosaur tracks Early Jurasic Shenmu Shaanxi

A Review of the Tetrapod Track Record in China,with Special Reference to Type Ichnospecies:Implications for Ichnotaxonomy and Paleobiology

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2013年第1期87卷 1-20页

作者： martin g.lockley LI Jianjun LI Rihui Masaki MATSUKAWA Jerald D.HARRIS XINg Lida University of Colorado Denver Dinosaur Tracks Research Group Beijing Museum of Natural History Museum Qingdao Institute of Marine geology China Geological Survey Department of Environmental Sciences Tokyo Gakugei University Department of Physical Sciences Dixie State College Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta11455 Saskatchewan Drive

＂Splitting＂ and ＂lumping＂ are perpetual problems in vertebrate, especially dinosaur, ichnotaxonomy. Chinese dinosaur ichnotaxonomy, which began in 1940, provides a series of interesting case studies, highlighting the dual problems of historical and dubious ichnotaxonomy. Chinese Mesozoic tetrapod track types have been placed into 63 ichnospecies （one Triassic, 28 Jurassic, and 34 Cretaceous）, exclusive of other, non-type ichnospecies or ichnotaxa identified from China. Fifty-two （~83%） of these 63 tetrapod ichnospecies were placed in monospecific ichnogenera. At the ichnogenus level, we prune---either by recognizing nomina dubia or by synonymy--17 from the list of 53 dinosaurian ichnogenera （a 32% reduction）, leaving 36 ichnotaxa that we consider valid. Most of the cuts affect Jurassic theropod ichnotaxa, which are reduced from 23 to only nine because most ichnogenera are subjective junior synonyms of grallator and Eubrontes. Fewer Chinese Cretaceous ichnotaxa （only six of 21 ichnogenera） are obvious nomina dubia or subjective synonyms, suggesting greater east Asian endemism during this time. Because ichnospecies differences are subtle, we provisionally retain ichnospecies as valid pending detailed comparative analyses of congeneric ichnospecies. This synthesis is long overdue and is necessary to address problems of historical and provincial ichnotaxonomy, which severely hamper comparisons of tetrapod ichnofaunas in space and time.

关键词： Dinosaurs birds theropods ichnotaxonomy Mesozoic China

Theropod assemblages and a new ichnotaxon gigandipus chiappei *** the Jiaguan Formation,Lower Cretaceous of guizhou Province,China

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geoscience Frontiers 2018年第6期9卷 1745-1754页

作者： Lida Xing martin g.lockley Hendrik Klein Rong Zeng Sifu Cai Xiuchun Luo Chen Li State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Dinosaur Tracks Museum University of Colorado DenverPO Box 173364DenverCO 80217USA Saurierwelt Palantologisches Museum Alte Richt 7D-92318 NeumarktGermany guizhou Provincial Museum Guiyang 550001China

A newly discovered Jiaguan Formation(Lower Cretaceous) tracksite from the Linjiang region of guizhou Province, China, reveals the first example of a Cretaceous track morphotype attributable to the non-avian theropod ichnogenus gigandipus, here named gigandipus chiappei ichnosp nov. The theropod dominated locality also reveals the second report of the avian theropod ichnogenus Wupus, one of the largest avian traces currently known from the Lower Cretaceous. The Linjiang site provides evidence to support previous interpretations of a distinctive Lower Cretaceous theropod-dominated ichnofauna that was widespread in China and East Asia and highlights the similarity between Lower Cretaceous theropod ichnotaxa in East Asia and those found in the Lower Jurassic both in East Asia and elsewhere. These similarities in turn create various ichnotaxonomic challenges familiar to researchers working on theropod tracks, and we recommend caution in the naming of new theropod ichnotaxa at the ichnogenus level.

关键词： Early Cretaceous Jiaguan formation Theropod tracks gigandipus Wupus

The Middle-Upper Jurassic dinosaur-pterosaur fauna in Shandong Province,China:Evidence from ichnology

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2023年第3期12卷 419-433页

作者： Li-Da Xing martin g.lockley Bo-Lin Tong Hendrik Klein Chang Liu W.Scott Persons IV State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing100083China Dinosaur Trackers Research group University of Colorado DenverPO Box 173364DenverCO80217USA Saurierwelt Palaontologisches Museum Alte Richt 7D-92318NeumarktGermany Mace Brown Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharlestonSCUSA

Tracks previously examined between 2002 and 2015 from an incompletely-studied,and now partially lost tracksite site in the Santai Formation of Shandong Province were restudied based on new ex-cavations of additional *** contrast to the previous reports of tridactyl tracks,including grallator,the present study discovered an additional assemblage of unequivocal pterosaur tracks(Pteraichnus)and a possible didactyl deinonychosaurian *** age of the Santai Formation is controversial but it is probably Late Jurassic,which corresponds to the epoch when pterosaur tracks appear *** interpretations,based on palynology and isotopic data,tentatively suggests an earlier Middle-Late Jurassic age and might suggest that the pterosaurian tracks are as old or somewhat older than any previously reported.

关键词： Santai Formation Theropod Deinonychosaur Pterosaur

Largest dinosaur tracksite in China (Cretaceous, Zhaojue area, Sichuan Province): On the verge of destruction

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geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 124-137页

作者： Lida Xing martin g.lockley Hendrik Klein W.Scott Persons IV guangzhao Peng Yong Ye Miaoyan Wang State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Dinosaur Trackers Research group University of ColoradoDenver 80217USA Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum Alte Richt 7D-92318 NeumarktGermany Mace Brown Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharleston 29401USA Zigong Dinosaur Museum ZigongSichuan ProvinceChina

The Zhaojue(ZJ)tracksites represent multiple steeply-inclined,track-bearing exposures in the clastic Feitianshan Formation of Sichuan Province that have been sequentially,excavated,mapped,expanded and destroyed,by quarrying,erosion or collapse,for almost three *** quarried area extends for more almost 1.0 km from north to south and-0.5 km from east to *** important track-bearing surfaces have been identified and identified as ZJ-Ⅰ,ZJ-Ⅱ,ZJ-ⅡN and ZJ-Ⅲ,some of which are newly exposed surfaces or expanded surfaces that were previously partially *** represent surfaces lost since they were first reported in papers published in *** ZJ-Ⅱ site represents a hugely expanded continuation of a much smaller track-bearing surface described in *** was mapped using drone technology,and now represents the largest tracksite in China,with a minimum count of 933 recognizable tracks,and the longest recorded sauropod and ornithopod trackways from China(-80 m and-52 m respectively),which also reveal a pronounced change in the direction of trackmaker *** ZJ-Ⅱ surface represents the best Zhaojue paleo-census sample giving a count of 68 individuals from 61 trackways(37 ornithopod,10 theropod,14 sauropod)and isolated tracks(representing 7 individuals).Thus,ornithopods(both large and small trackmakers)represent-54%of the total number of *** smaller ZJ-Ⅲ surface was mapped using traditional methods,and reveals at least 6 ornithopod-and 4 theropod *** the ZJ-Ⅱ and ZJ-Ⅲ surfaces reveal parallel ornithopod trackways suggestive of social or gregarious *** combined data from all four Zhaojue surfaces reveal a total of 1928 tracks,and include a few previously reported pterosaurs and theropod swim *** Zhaojue quarry complex provide a good example of multiple track-bearing sites(surfaces)that require long term study and monitoring to extract as much trackway data as possible before in situ physical evidence is lost.

关键词： Feitianshan Formation Onithopod Teropod Suropod

The first theropod tracks from the Middle Jurassic of gansu,Northwest China:new and rare evidence of quadrupedal progression in theropod dinosaurs

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2019年第2期8卷 198-208页

作者： Da-Qing Li Li-Da Xing martin g.lockley Anthony Romilio Jing-Tao Yang Long-Feng Li Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and College of Life Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing) State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of Geosciences(Beijing) Dinosaur Trackers Research group University of Colorado Denver School of Biological Sciences The University of Queensland

A new Middle Jurassic tracksite dominated by non-avian theropod footprints from the Wangjiashan Formation in Pingchuan District,Baojishan Basin,gansu Province has yielded a unique trackway with four consecutive manus-pes *** three previous examples,all Early Jurassic in age,of theropod trackways are known with convincing examples of manus tracks and in each case,only two tracks were recorded in association with pes tracks with metatarsal impressions and pelvic traces indicating crouching ***,this is the first example of manus tracks registered while a theropod trackmaker was *** unique configuration is here designated as grallator pingchuanensis *** shows the trackmaker forelimbs registering in a wide straddle gait,much wider than the pes trackway *** confirms previous reports that theropods could occasionally register tridactyl,ectaxonic manus *** the case of the Pingchuan trackway,the short step indicates an animal moving at a slow speed,probably due to a soft substrate.

关键词： Wangjiashan Formation grallatorid grallator Theropods Dinosaur tracks

First Report of Avian Tracks from the Cretaceous of Tibet, China

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Acta geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2017年第6期91卷 2312-2313页

作者： XINg Lida CHOU Chunyong martin g.lockley YANgCHEN Dolkar CHEN Xingru MA Xinghong ZHOU Wenjun XU Hantian State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of Geosciences School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of Geosciences State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of Sciences Dinosaur Tracks Museum University of Colorado School of geophysics and Information Technology China University of Geosciences School of Land Science and Technology China University of Geosciences

Objective Despite a large number of bird fossils in the Jehol Biota, Mesozoic bird records from other parts of China are dominated by tracks. Late Cretaceous bird tracks are rarely found in China. Reliable reports so far include a Dongyangornipes and Koreanaornis assemblage of early Late Cretaceous age from Dongyang City, Zhejiang Province, China （Azuma et al., 2013）. Buckley et al. （2016） consider Dongyangornipes sinensis a subjective junior synonym of Uhangrichnus chuni. Type Uhangrichnus chuni （Yang et al. 1995; lockley et al., 2012） from the Uhangri Formation, Hwangsan Basin of South Korea is Late Cretaceous in age, and the trackrnaker was a web-footed avian.

关键词： First Report Avian Tracks the Cretaceous of Tibet China

A probable tyrannosaurid track from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China

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Science Bulletin 2019年第16期64卷 1136-1139页

作者： Lida Xing Kecheng Niu martin g.lockley Hendrik Klein Anthony Romilio W.Scott Persons IV Stephen L.Brusatte State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Yingliang Stone Nature History Museum Nan’an 362300China Dinosaur Trackers Research group University of ColoradoDenver 80217USA Saurierwelt Palaontologisches Museum Neumarkt D-92318Germany School of Biological Sciences the University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia Mace Brown Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharleston 29401USA School of geoSciences Grant InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3FEUK

A large number of Upper Cretaceous(Maastrichtian)dinosaur skeletal fossils have been found in the Nanxiong Basin and adjacent ganzhou area,including those of theropods,sauropods and ***,known dinosaur ichnoassemblages from the Nanxiong Basin partly indicate a different fauna,with dominating large-and medium-sized ornithopods,theropods,and pterosaurs(1,2)This is one of many known examples where trace and body fossil assemblages from the same formation or geologically discrete region show a different *** and paleobiogeographical analyses therefore should consider data from both,before any conclusions can be *** can be classified according to the relative degree of similarity or congruity(or difference/incongruity)between trace and body fossils into the 5 categories proposed by lockley[3].

关键词： tyrannosaurid track Upper Cretaceous southern China

A redescription of the ichnospecies Koreanaornis anhuiensis(Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous Qiuzhuang Formation at Mingguang city, Anhui Province, China

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Journal of Palaeogeography 2018年第1期7卷 58-65页

作者： Li-Da Xing Yuan-Chao Hu Jian-Dong Huang Qing He martin g.lockley Michael E.Burns Jun Fang State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental geology China University of Geosciences Beijing 100083China School of Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy Nanjing Institute of Geology and PalaeontologyChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008Jiangsu ProvinceChina Anhui geological Museum Hefei 230031Anhui ProvinceChina School of Resources and Environmental Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230039Anhui Province China Dinosaur Trackers Research group University of Colorado DenverPO Box 173364DenverCO 80217USA Department of Biology Jacksonville State University700Pelham RdJacksonvilleFL 36265USA

The Cretaceous bird trackway originally labeled Aquatilavipes anhuiensis, in 1994, had previously been examined, photographed and replicated, but never described or illustrated in detail. However, it has been part of a widening discussion about the distribution of Aquatilavipes and Koreanaornis in China(and Korea). Here we illustrate and formally describe the holotype in detail and assign it to Koreanaornis(Koreanaornis anhuiensis) as informally proposed by previous authors. We also demonstrate that most authenticated reports of Koreanaornis, including the Anhui occurrence, are from the Lower Cretaceous, not from the Upper Cretaceous as previously reported.

关键词： Lower Cretaceous Ichnospecies Koreanaornis Aquatilavipes Qiuzhuang Formation Anhui Province