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Predator-prey distance and latency to flee from an immobile predator： functional relationship and importance

Current Zoology 2016年第2期62卷 117-122页

作者： William e. COOPeR JR Jose martin Department of Biology Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne Fort Wayne IN 46805 USA Departamento de ecologia evolutiva Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales CSIC Madrid Spain

When an immobile prey has detected an immobile predator nearby, predation risk is greater when the predator is closer. Consequently, prey flee with shorter latency as standing distance （predator-prey distance when both are still） decreases. Since it was first reported in 2009, this relationship has been confirmed in the few species studied. However, little is known about the functional relationship between standing distance and latency to flee （LF）. We hypothesized that LF increases as standing distance increases at short distances, but reaches a plateau at longer distances where prey can escape reliably if attacked. We simulated immobile predators by moving slowly into positions near striped plateau lizards Sceloporus virgatus, stopping and then remaining immobile, and recording LF from the stopping time. LF increased from shorter to longer standing distances in a decelerating manner. The relationship was concave downward, and LF was indistinguishable among the longer standing distance groups. Latency to flee appears to reach a plateau or approach an asymptotic value as stand- ing distance increases. The effect size of standing distance was large, indicating that S. virgatus sensi- tively adjusts LF to the level of risk associated with standing distance. Relationships between risk assessment and theoretical zones associated with risk, its assessment by prey, and escape decisions are discussed. effect sizes of standing distance were substantial to large in all studies to date, indicating that standing distance is an important predation risk factor when both predator and prey are immobile.

关键词： antipredatory behavior escape behavior latency to flee squamata standing distance.

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Spreading and Wetting Behaviour of Trisiloxanes

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Journal of Bionic engineering 2009年第4期6卷 341-349页

作者： Jovana Radulovic Khellil Sefiane martin e.R.Shanahan Institute for Materials and Processes School of EngineeringThe University of EdinburghEH9 3JLUK Universite Bordeaux I Laboratoire de Mecanique PhysiqueF-33405 Talence CedexFrance

Wetting and spreading processes which involve surfactant solutions are widely used in numerous industrial and practical applications *** performance of different non-ionic surfactants may vary significantly and so far superspreader solutions show the most promising spreading *** addition of trisiloxane surfactants to water was proven to enhance wetting,even on hydrophobic surfaces,on which conventional surfactants seem to have little or no *** these extraordinary surfactants have been extensively studied over recent years,complete understanding of their underlying mechanisms and a suitable mathematical model are still *** we present a possible explanation for the impressive performance of trisiloxane,which is compared to wetting enhancement of a conventional ***,we will explain why the hydrophobicity of the surface is a crucial factor for the spreading *** will be also shed on the effect of the pH of the solution to which surfactants are ***,we will investigate long-term effects of the water environment on trisiloxane wetting ability and discuss if ageing may significantly affect their performance.

关键词： hydrophobicity superspreading surfactants wetting

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The pelvic pop:an extremely rare case of internal penile fracture presenting with scrotal hematoma and review of the literature

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2021年第1期23卷 116-117页

作者： Michael e Rezaee martin S Gross Section of Urology Department of SurgeryDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterOne Medical Center DriveLebanonNH 03756USA

Dear editor,Penile fracture is an infrequent urologic emergency with a nationwide incidence of 1 in 100000 men in the United States.1 Blunt trauma during sexual intercourse(penile-perineal impact)is the primary cause of penile fracture,but a variety of alternative mechanisms of injury have been reported in the literature.2 The vast majority of penile fractures occur in the external corpus cavernosum and manifest with the classic“eggplant deformity.”The location of these fractures makes them amenable to repair through a circumcising,degloving incision.

关键词： fracture nationwide rare

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effects of absolute fasting on reproduction and survival of the invasive apple snail Pomacea canaliculata in its native range

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 369-375页

作者： Nicolas e. TAMBURI Pablo R. martin INBIOSUR (UNS-CONICeT) Universidad Nacional del Sur Departamento de Biologla Bioquimica y Farmacia San Juan 670 8000 Bahia Blanca Argentina

A South American freshwater gastropod, the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, has become a driver of ecosystemic changes in wetlands and an important rice pest after its introduction to various parts of the world, mainly Asia. The objective of this study was to study the effect of an abrupt interruption in food availability in the short term （up to 4 weeks） and long term （up to 8 months） on survival and re- productive activity. The main results indicate that short-term fasting mainly affects the survival of males, but only when they are raised together with females, probably due to a greater mate-searching activity that increases mortality in the individuals with lower reserves. The number of copulating snails or egg-laying females shows an abrupt drop when fasting and a rapid recovery after the food supply is restored. The strategy of discontinuing reproductive activity prioritizes energy conservation for the survival of the females. Interpopulation variation in resistance to starvation was observed in adults, which can be explained to some extent by the food availability that they experienced in their natural environment. No interpopulational differences in survival were seen in hatchlings. The mean maximum values of survival under starvation were 52.6 days in hatchlings and the 3.3% of adults survive over than 200 days, which may be a relevant trait in dispersal and establishment in new habitats.

关键词： absolute fasting reproduction invasive apple

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Stabilization of mixed-halide lead perovskites under light by photothermal effects

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Journal of energy Chemistry 2021年第12期30卷 8-11,I0001页

作者： Juvinch R.Vicente martin e.Kordesch Jixin Chen Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701United States Nanoscale and Quantum Phenomena Institute Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701United States Department of Chemistry University of the Philippines VisayasMiagaoIloilo 5023Philippines Department of Physics and Astronomy Ohio UniversityAthensOH 45701United States

Mixed-halide lead perovskites(MHLPs) are semiconductor materials with bandgaps that are tunable across the visible spectrum and have seen promising applications in photovoltaics and ***, their segregation into phases with enriched halide components, under resonant light illumination and/or electric field, have hindered their practical applications. Herein, we demonstrate the stabilization of the MHLP photoluminescence(PL) peak as a function of their excitation *** effect is associated with the phase segregation of MHLPs and their subsequent remixing by photothermal heating. We conclude that the balance between these opposing processes dictates the equilibrium PL peak of the MHLPs. The findings in this work could serve as a potential approach to obtain MHLP with stable emission peaks under operating conditions.

关键词： Perovskites Phase segregation Photothermal Solar cells LeDs

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Vertical Displacement Measurement in a Slow-Moving Sinkhole Using BOTDA

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Photonic Sensors 2024年第1期14卷 23-39页

作者： Pascual SeVILLANO Javier PReCIADO-GARBAYO Jorge SeVIL Francisco GUTIeRReZ Juan JmartineZ Sonia martin-LOPeZ Miguel GONZALeZ-HeRRAeZ Aragon Institute of engineering Research(I3A) Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50018Spain electronic enginering and Communicaton Dpartment EINAUniversidad de ZaragzaZaragza 50018Spain Aragon Photonics Labs. Zaragoza 50009Spain Department of earth Sciences Universidad de ZaragozaZaragoza 50009Spain Department of electronics Escuela Politecnica SuperiorUniversidad de AlcalaMadrid 28805Spain

The effectiveness of monitoring and early-warning systems for ground deformation phenomena,such as sinkholes,depends on their ability to accurately resolve the ongoing ground displacement and detect the subtle deformation preceding catastrophic *** sinkholes with a slow subsidence rate and diffuse edges pose a significant challenge for subsidence monitoring due to the low deformation rates and limited lateral strain *** this work,we satisfactorily illustrate the practicality of the Brillouin optical time domain analysis(BOTDA)to measure the spatial-temporal patterns of the vertical displacement in such challenging slow-moving sagging *** assess the performance of the approach,we compare the strain recorded by the distributed optical fiber sensor with the vertical displacement measured by high-precision *** results show a good spatial correlation with the ability to identify the maximum subsidence *** is also a good temporal correlation with the detection of an acceleration phase in the subsidence associated with a flood event.

关键词： Distributed fiber optic sensing(DFOS) vertical displacement measurement slow subsidence rate sinkhole hazard early-warning system

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Characterization of particle deposition during crossflow filtration as influenced by permeate flux and crossflow velocity using a microfluidic filtration system

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and engineering 2021年第3期15卷 552-561页

作者： Hongzhan Di Gregory J.O.martin Dave e.Dunstan Department of Chemical and Biomolecular engineering University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoria 3010Australia

Particle deposition during crossflow filtration is significantly influenced by the operating conditions,in particular the permeate flux and crossflow ***,there is a lack of detailed knowledge about how deposit layer structures and distributions depend on operating *** study uses a microfluidic visualisation filtration system to examine the influence of operating conditions on the deposition process during crossflow ultrafiltration from a microscopic *** the permeate flux caused an increasing amount of deposition and a thicker deposit *** crossflow velocities reduced the extent of *** degree of deposition varied over a range of operating conditions due to the altered hydrodynamic forces exerted on the particles,which can be examined by the deposition probability according to an existing *** on this,an empirical correlation between the deposition probability and volume of deposition as a function of filtration time was developed,which gave good agreement with experimental *** effect of solution conditions was also involved in this correlation as a interaction *** could be useful for predicting the dynamic deposition process during crossflow filtration over a range of operating and solution conditions.

关键词： particle deposition crossflow filtration microfluidics confocal microscopy

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Optical magnetic field enhancement using ultrafast azimuthally polarized laser beams and tailored metallic nanoantennas

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 1078-1092页

作者： RODRIGO martin-HeRNANDeZ LOReNZ GRUNeWALD LUIS SANCHeZ-TeJeRINA LUIS PLAJA eNRIQUeCONeJeRO JARQUe CARLOS HeRNANDeZ-GARCIA SeBASTIAN MAI Grupo de Investigacion en Aplicaciones del Laser y Fotonica Departamento de Fisica AplicadaUniversidad de SalamancaE-37008 SalamancaSpain Unidad de excelencia en Luz y Materia estructuradas(LUMeS) Universidad de SalamancaE-37008 SalamancaSpain Institute of Theoretical Chemistry Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090 ViennaAustria Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry(DoSChem) Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of Vienna1090 ViennaAustria Departamento de electricidad y electrónica Universidad de Valladolid47011 ValladolidSpain

*** *** thank Valentina Shumakova,elizaveta Gangrskaia,Alessandra Bellissimo,Audrius Pugzlys,and Andrius Baltu?ka for fruitful discussions and computational support by the Vienna Scientific Cluster(VSC 4).The authors thankfully acknowledge the computer resources at MareNostrum and SCAYLe,and the technical support provided by Barcelona Supercomputing Center(ReS-FI-2022-3-0041).R.M.-H.,L.S.-T.,L.P.,e.C.J.,and C.H.-*** funding from the european Research Council(eRC)under the european Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program(Grant Agreement No.851201)and support from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación(PID2022-142340NB-I00,PID2019-106910GB-I00).This research was funded in whole or in part by the Austrian Science Fund(FWF)(10.55776/ZK91).For open access purposes,the author has applied a CC BY public copyright license to any author accepted manuscript version arising from this submission.

关键词： metallic polarized discussions

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Successful endoscopic treatment of colonic gallstone ileus using electrohydraulic lithotripsy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第12期16卷 1533-1536页

作者： martin D Zielinski Lincoln e Ferreira Todd H Baron Division of Trauma Critical Care and General Surgery Department of Medicine Federal University of Juiz de Fora Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology

The surgical management of gallstone ileus is complex and potentially highly *** management requires enterolithotomy and is generally followed by fistula resection at a later *** have been reports of gallstone extraction using various endoscopic modalities to relieve the obstruction,however,to date,there has never been a published case of endoscopic stone extraction from the colon using electrohydraulic *** this report,we present the technique employed to successfully perform an electrohydraulic lithotripsy for removal of a large gallstone impacted in the sigmoid colon.A cavity was excavated in an obstructing 4.1 cm lamellated stone in the sigmoid colon using electrohydraulic lithotripsy.A screw stent retractor and stent extractor bored a larger lumen which allowed for guidewire advancement and stone fracture via serial pneumatic balloon *** stone fragments were *** lithotripsy is a safe and effective method to treat colonic obstruction in the setting of gallstone ileus.

关键词： Gallstone ileus endoscopy electrohydraulic lithotripsy Bowel obstruction Colon

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Synchrophasor-based real-time state estimation and situational awareness system for power system operation

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean energy 2016年第3期4卷 370-382页

作者： Heng CHeN Lin ZHANG Jianzhong MO Kenneth e.martin electric Power Group Pasadena CA 91101 USA

State estimation is a critical functionality of energy management system(eMS) to provide power system states in real-time operations. However, problems such as failure to converge, prone to failure during contingencies,and biased estimates while system is under stressed condition occur so that state estimation results may not be *** unreliable results further impact downstream network and market applications, such as contingency analysis,voltage stability analysis, transient stability analysis, system alarming, and unit commitment. Thus, operators may lose the awareness of system condition in eMS. This paper proposes a fully independent and one-of-a-kind system by integrating linear state estimator into situational awareness applications based on real-time synchrophasor data. With guaranteed and accurate state estimation solution and advanced real-time data analytic and monitoring functionalities, the system is capable of assisting operators to assess and diagnose current system conditions for proactive and necessary corrective actions. The architecture, building components, and implementation of the proposed system are explored in detail. Two case studies with simulated data from the subsystems of electric Reliability Council of Texas(eRCOT) and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power(LADWP) are presented. The test results show the effectiveness and reliability of the system, and its value for realtime power system operations.

关键词： Synchrophasor Linear state estimator Situational awareness Power system operation

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