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Effect of toasting grain silages from field peas(Pisum sativum)and field beans(Vicia faba)on in vitro gas production,methane production,and post-ruminal crude protein content

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Animal Nutrition 2020年第3期6卷 342-352页

作者： martin bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Sebastian Michel Annabel Thierbach Mandy Bochnia Jorg M.Greef Siriwan D.Martens Olaf Steinhofel Annette Zeyner Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergHalle(Saale)06120Germany Saxon State Office for Environment Agriculture and GeologyKollitsch04886Germany Julius Kühn Institute Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Crop and Soil ScienceBraunschweig38116Germany

Legume grains such as field peas and field beans can be produced on a local level,and may be reliable sources of dietary protein and energy apart from common soybean and rapeseed *** ruminants,protein,starch,and carbohydrates from peas and field beans are fermented in large part before reaching the small *** objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a combination of ensiling and hydro-thermic treatment(i.e.,toasting at 160℃for 30 min)of grains of peas and field beans on the concentrations of post-ruminal crude protein(PRCP)and rumen-undegraded protein(RUP).Moreover,24-h gas production and methane production were *** this,an in vitro batch culture system with ruminal fluid from sheep was ***-undegraded protein was determined using the Streptomyces griseus protease *** electron micrographs were used to visualize morphological changes of starch granules and their joint matrices in peas and field beans after ensiling,toasting,or a combination of *** pea grains contained crude protein(CP)at 199 g/kg DM,PRCP at 155 g/kg DM at a ruminal passage rate of 0.08/h(Kp8),RUP at 33 g/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 530 g/kg *** field beans contained CP at 296 g/kg DM,PRCP at 212 g/kg DM at Kp8,RUP at 54 g of/kg DM at Kp8,and starch at 450 g/kg *** PRCP did not considerably differ among native and treated peas or field *** in the peas,RUP at Kp8 increased after ensiling by 10 g/kg DM(i.e.,30%;P<0.05).Toasting increased RUP(Kp8)in ensiled peas by another 28%(P<0.05).Toasting had no effect on PRCP or RUP when the peas or field beans were not ensiled *** and methane production were not affected by any treatment,and scanning electron micrographs did not reveal structural changes on the starches doubtless of any *** seemed to be more affected by treatment with ensiled+toasted peas than with ensiled+toasted field beans,but starches and other carbohydrates from both legumes remained unaffec

关键词： Legume grain silage Toasting In vitro gas production Protein evaluation Streptomyces griseus protease test

Comprehensive Euler/Lagrange modelling including particle erosion for confined gas-solid flows

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 209-235页

作者： Guiherme A.Novelletto Ricardo martin Sommerfeld Multiphase Flow Systems Institute of Process EngineeringOtto-von-Guericke-University MagdeburgHoher Weg 7b06120Halle(Saale)Germany

The present research aims to assess the capability of a comprehensive Euler/Lagrange approach for predicting gas-solid flows and the associated solid particle *** open-source code OpenFOAM®4.1 was used to carry out the numerical simulations,where the standard Lagrangian libraries were substantially extended to account for all necessary *** are tracked considering both translational and rotational motion as well as all relevant forces,such as gravity/buoyancy,drag and transverse lift due to shear and particle *** tracking time step was dynamically adapted ac-cording to the locally relevant time scales,which drastically reduces computational *** approaches are adopted to model particle turbulent dispersion,particle collisions with rough walls and particle-particle *** solid particle erosion models,available in the literature,were considered to estimate pipe bend *** study cases are provided to validate the adopted nu-merical approach and erosion models *** first case intends to evaluate the ability of the extended CFD code to predict the behaviour of gas-solid flows in pneumatic conveying *** goal is achieved by comparing the numerical results with the experimental data obtained by Huber(1997)and Huber and Sommerfeld(1994,1998)in a pneumatic conveying ***,the importance of considering inter-particle collisions and surface roughness for predicting particle velocity,mass flux and mean diameter distributions in gas-solid flows is *** second and third case intend to evaluate the ability of the erosion models in estimating bend erosion in diluted gas-solid *** erosion data obtained experimentally by Mazumder et al.(2008)and Solnordal et al.(2015)in very dilut pneumatic conveying systems is used for validating the numerical results,neglecting now inter-particle collisions and two-way *** a comprehensive analysis of the different influential properti

关键词： Pneumatic conveying Pipe bend Numerical calculation(CFD) Euler/Lagrange approach Erosion models Wall roughness

Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek Mejstrík martin Svatek martina Pollastrini martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest Ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and *** trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting *** both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional ***,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly *** address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest *** were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per *** trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years *** addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was *** assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric ***-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual *** multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species *** and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed *** formed on average97.1%of

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

Applicability limits of the DAX test in plastic bonded explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 64-70页

作者： martin Künzel Jindrich Kucera Jiri Pachman OZM Research Bliznovice 32Hrochuv Tynec 53862Czech Republic Institute of Energetic Materials Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentska 95Pardubice 53210Czech Republic

The Disc Acceleration e Xperiment(DAX)is one of the most recent experimental methods of performance characterization of new energetic materials.A cylindrical explosive charge accelerates a thin metallic disc and its velocity is measured continuously using photonic Doppler *** detonation velocity is measured *** DAX test can be used to obtain the Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)detonation pressure and to describe detonation products expansion using reduced amount of explosive.A series of DAX tests was performed at various charge diameters and disc thicknesses with Semtex 1 A plastic bonded explosive and sensitized *** DAX-like evaluation was also applied to previously measured data of Semtex 1A and A-IX-1 *** optimum disc thickness is determined by the disc to explosive mass ratio of *** repeatability of the Semtex 1 A detonation pressure results is about four times lower compared to the pressed and liquid explosives.

关键词： Flyer plate Detonation pressure Photonic Doppler velocimetry Semtex

Are TrkB receptor agonists the right tool to fulfill the promises for a therapeutic value of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 29-34页

作者： Marta Zagrebelsky martin Korte Division of Cellular Neurobiology Zoological InstituteTU BraunschweigBraunschweigGermany Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research AG NINDBraunschweigGermany

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling via its receptor tro pomyosin receptor kinase B regulates several crucial physiological *** has been shown to act in the brain,promoting neuronal survival,growth,and plasticity as well as in the rest of the body where it is involved in regulating for instance aspects of the *** to its crucial and very pleiotro pic activity,reduction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels and alterations in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling have been found to be associated with a wide spectrum of neurological *** r,because of its poor bioavailability and pharmacological properties,brain-derived neurotrophic factor itself has a very low therapeutic ***,the concomitant binding of exogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor to the p75 neurotrophin receptor has the potential to elicit several unwanted and deleterious side *** re,developing tools and approaches to specifically promote tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling has become an important goal of translational *** the newly developed tools are different categories of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist *** this review,we give a comprehensive description of the diffe rent tro pomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs developed so far and of the res ults of their application in animal models of several neurological ***,we discuss the main benefits of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonists,concentrating especially on the new tropomyosin receptor kinase B agonist *** benefits observed both in vitro and in vivo upon application of tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor agonist drugs seem to predominantly depend on their general neuroprotective activity and their ability to promote neuronal ***,tro pomyosin receptor kinase B agonist antibodies have been shown to specifically bind the tropomyosin recepto

关键词： Alzheimer's disease brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression Parkinson's disease tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor

Optimization of product characteristics of porous carbon agglomerates using a design of experiments in fluidized bed agglomeration

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Particuology 2024年第6期89卷 258-269页

作者： martin Oelofse Robert Rack Marcelle Hilden Peter Langguth Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics Johannes Gutenberg UniversityMainzGermany Carbon Advanced Solutions GmbH HeuchelheimGermany

Spraying parameters during particle agglomeration processes can affect the agglomeration kinetics and particle *** study was conducted to better understand the influence of the spraying parameters in a fluidized bed wet agglomeration process,and the influence on the stability characteristics of carbon tablets.A formulation based on fine carbon and peroxide powder,as well as carboxymethyl cellulose as a binder,was used to produce agglomerates in a first production *** in a second production step carbon tablets with a high porosity were molded for the customer goods *** optimization of the compressive strength of these carbon tablets was the goal of the *** agglomerates were produced with a laboratory scale granulator called“ProCell”and were compressed with a five-cavity mechanical *** screening of the agglomeration process parameters and their influence on the agglomerates quality,as well as the performance characteristics of the carbon tablets,were investigated using a multilevel factorial *** experimental runs were done by varying atomized air pressure and feed rate of the *** was determined by the design *** findings of the statistical trials showed that low atomized air pressure and a low feed rate lead to a higher tablet compressive strength.

关键词： Wet agglomeration Fluidized bed Design of experiments Carbon agglomerates and tablets

Second-order error analysis of the averaged L1 scheme L1 for time-fractional initial-value and subdiffusion problems

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Science China Mathematics 2024年第7期67卷 1641-1664页

作者： Jinye Shen Fanhai Zeng martin Stynes School of Mathematics Southwestern University of Finance and EconomicsChengdu611130China School of Mathematics Shandong UniversityJinan250100China Applied and Computational Mathematics Division Beijing Computational Science Research CenterBeijing100193China

Fractional initial-value problems(IVPs) and time-fractional initial-boundary value problems(IBVPs), each with a Caputo temporal derivative of order α ∈(0, 1), are considered. An averaged variant of the well-known L1 scheme is proved to be O(N^(-2)) convergent for IVPs on suitably graded meshes with N points, thereby improving the O(N^(-(2-α))) convergence rate of the standard L1 scheme. The analysis relies on a delicate decomposition of the temporal truncation error that yields a sharp dependence of the order of convergence on the degree of mesh grading used. This averaged L1 scheme can be combined with a finite difference or piecewise linear finite element discretization in space for IBVPs, and under a restriction on the temporal mesh width, one gets again O(N^(-2)) convergence in time, together with O(h^(2)) convergence in space,where h is the spatial mesh width. Numerical experiments support our results.

关键词： time-fractional subdiffusion averaged L1 scheme

Experimental investigation of radiative heat propagation in a simplified generic packed bed

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Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 149-160页

作者： Matthias Tyslik Lukas Pörtner Siegmar Wirtz martin Schiemann Institute of Energy Plant Technology Ruhr-University Bochum44780 BochumGermany

A novel test rig for the investigation of radiative heat transfer in packed beds has been developed and is introduced with representative experimental *** individual components and the calibration are *** generic packed bed is realized in a simplified way by an arrangement of parallel rods,which represent particles in *** this arrangement,electrically heated rods provide the radiation propagating through the rod array to heat the passive counterparts.A sophisticated temperature-control scheme with a large number of thermocouples and infrared-imaging provides in-depth information about heat transfer in the *** radiation intensities are determined with a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,which has been modified and validated for this specific *** order to compare the influence of different surface properties of particles on the heat propagation and surface reflections,rod samples made of stainless steel and magnesium oxide are *** influence of material properties becomes clearly visible by comparing the high radiation intensities resulting from a stainless steel rod array to the same geometry built from magnesium oxide *** addition,the influence of the surface properties is particularly evident in the infrared images since the reflections are significantly higher for the stainless steel samples than for the magnesium oxide *** experimental results in the current work demonstrate the ability of the test rig to provide data with a well-defined accuracy as a validation base for numerical radiation simulations in packed beds.

关键词： Thermal radiation Spectral reflections Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy

Convergent Data-Driven Regularizations for CT Reconstruction

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1342-1368页

作者： Samira Kabri Alexander Auras Danilo Riccio Harmut Bauermeister martin Benning Michael Moeller martin Burger Helmholtz Imaging Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany Institute for Vision and Graphics University of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-StraBe 2a57076 SiegenGermany School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK The Alan Turing Institute British Library96 Euston RdLondon NW12DBUK Fachbereich Mathematik Universitat HamburgBundesstrasse 5520146 HamburgGermany

The reconstruction of images from their corresponding noisy Radon transform is a typical example of an ill-posed linear inverse problem as arising in the application of computerized tomography(CT).As the(naive)solution does not depend on the measured data continuously,regularization is needed to reestablish a continuous *** this work,we investigate simple,but yet still provably convergent approaches to learning linear regularization methods from *** specifically,we analyze two approaches:one generic linear regularization that learns how to manipulate the singular values of the linear operator in an extension of our previous work,and one tailored approach in the Fourier domain that is specific to *** prove that such approaches become convergent regularization methods as well as the fact that the reconstructions they provide are typically much smoother than the training data they were trained ***,we compare the spectral as well as the Fourier-based approaches for CT-reconstruction numerically,discuss their advantages and disadvantages and investigate the effect of discretization errors at differentresolutions.

关键词： Inverse problems Regularization Computerized tomography(CT) Machine learning