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The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 234-246页

作者： K.d.Küntz d.Koutroumpa w.R.dunn A.Foster F.S.Porter d.G.Sibeck B.w.lsh The Henry A.Row.and department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins University3701 San Martin DriveBaltimoreMD21218USA NASA Goddard Space Flight Center 8800 Greenbelt RoadGreenbeltMD 20771USA LATMOS-OVSQ CNRSUVSQ Paris-SaclaySorbonne Université11 Boulevard d’Alembert78280GuyancourtFrance department of Physics and Astronomy University College LondonLondonUK The Centre for Planetary Science at UCL/Birkbeck Gower StreetLondon WC1E 6BTUK Center for Astrophysics Harvard University&Smithsonian Institution60 Garden StreetCambridgeMA 02138USA Center for Space Physics Boston University110 Cummington MallBostonMAUSA

w.ile w. eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar w.nd Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new.era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics *** these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).w.th a field of view.of~30′,LEM w.ll allow.higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global ***’s strength is its spectral *** w.ll be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of w.ich are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and w.ll be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

关键词： magnetosheath charge exchange solar w.nd abundances

Single-cell transcriptome atlases of soybean root and mature nodule reveal new.regulatory programs that control the nodulation process

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 69-91页

作者： Sergio Alan Cervantes-Perez Prince Zogli Sahand Amini Sandra Thibivilliers Sutton Tennant md Sabbir Hossain Hengping Xu Ian Meyer Akash Nooka Pengchong Ma Qiuming Yao Michael J.Naldrett Andrew.Farmer Olivier martin Samik Bhattacharya Jasper Klaver Marc Libault department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68503USA division of Plant Science and Technology College of AgricultureFoodand Natural ResourcesUniversity of Missouri-ColumbiaColumbiaMO 65211USA Interdisciplinary Plant Group of Missouri-Columbia ColumbiaMO 65211USA School of Computing University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68503USA Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility Center for BiotechnologyUniversity of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNE 68588USA National Center for Genome Resources Santa FeNM 87505USA INRAE UniversiteParis-SaclayInstitut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris SaclayIPS2Batiment 630 Plateau du MoulonRue Noetzlin91192 Gif sur Yvette CedexFrance Resolve Biosciences Monheim am RheinGermany Present address:The School of Plant Sciences University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA Present address:GALY Co. 100 Hood Park Dr.BostonMA 02126USA

The soybean root system is *** addition to being composed of various cell types,the soybean root system includes the primary root,the lateral roots,and the nodule,an organ in w.ich mutualistic symbiosis w.th N-fixing rhizobia occurs.A mature soybean root nodule is characterized by a central infection zone w.ere atmospheric nitrogen is fixed and assimilated by the symbiont,resulting from the close cooperation betw.en the plant cell and the *** date,the transcriptome of individual cells isolated from developing soybean nodules has been established,but the transcriptomic signatures of cells from the mature soybean nodule have not yet been *** single-nucleus RNA-seq and Molecular Cartography technologies,w. precisely characterized the transcriptomic signature of soybean root and mature nodule cell types and revealed the co-existence of different sub-populations of ***-infected cells in the mature soybean nodule,including those actively involved in nitrogen fixation and those engaged in *** of the single-cell-resolution nodule transcriptome atlas and the associated gene co-expression netw.rk confirmed the role of know. nodulation-related genes and identified new.genes that control the nodulation *** instance,w. functionally characterized the role of GmFw.3,a plasma membrane microdomain-associated protein that controls rhizobial *** study reveals the unique cellular complexity of the mature soybean nodule and helps redefine the concept of cell types w.en considering the infection zone of the soybean nodule.

关键词： soybean root nodule single-cell RNA-seq nanodomains

Effective Utilization of Government-Provided CTI by Small Businesses w.thin the defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah dykstra Law.ence A. Gordon martin P. Loeb Benjamin w.ll Lei Zhou National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

There are tw. broad objectives of the research reported in this paper. First, w. assess w.ether government-provided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is helpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses w.thin the U.S. defense Industrial Base (dIB). Second, w. identify w.ys of improving the effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses w.thin the dIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-provided CTI helps businesses w.thin the dIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar w.th the CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar w.th the government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that prevent firms from having the w.erew.thal necessary to effectively utilize the government-provided CTI. How.ver, w. found a significant positive association betw.en a firm’s familiarity w.th the government-provided CTI and w.ether a firm is being periodically review.d by the defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (dCSA) or is compliant w.th the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. The findings from our study also show.that the participating firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the portion of the IT budget that small businesses w.thin the dIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on the perception that a firm w.uld be the target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-Provided CTI Small Businesses defense Industrial Base

RANKL inhibition reduces lesional cellularity and Gαs variant expression and enables osteogenic maturation in fibrous dysplasia

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Bone Research 2024年第1期12卷 165-179页

作者： Luis F.de Castro Jarred M.w.itlock Zachary Michel Kristen Pan Jocelyn Taylor Vivian Szymczuk Brendan Boyce daniel martin Vardit Kram Rebeca Galisteo Kamran Melikov Leonid V.Chernomordik Michael T.Collins Alison M.Boyce Skeletal disorders and Mineral Homeostasis Section National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Section on Membrane Biology Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA Metabolic Bone disorders Unit National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery The Johns Hopkins Medical InstitutionsBaltimoreMDUSA department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNYUSA NIdCR Genomics and Computational Biology Core National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial ResearchNational Institutes of HealthBethesdaMDUSA

Fibrous dysplasia(Fd)is a rare,disabling skeletal disease for w.ich there are no established *** evidence supports inhibiting the osteoclastogenic factor receptor activator of nuclear kappa-B ligand(RANKL)as a potential treatment *** this study,w. investigated the mechanisms underlying RANKL inhibition in Fd tissue and its likely indirect effects on osteoprogenitors by evaluating human Fd tissue pre-and post-treatment in a phase 2 clinical trial of denosumab(NCT03571191)and in murine in vivo and ex vivo preclinical *** analysis of human and mouse tissue demonstrated increased osteogenic maturation,reduced cellularity,and reduced expression of the pathogenic Gαs variant in Fd lesions after RANKL *** sequencing of human and mouse tissue supported these *** interaction betw.en osteoclasts and mutant osteoprogenitors w.s further assessed in an ex vivo lesion model,w.ich indicated that the proliferation of abnormal Fd osteoprogenitors w.s dependent on *** results from this study demonstrated that,in addition to its expected antiosteoclastic effect,denosumab reduces Fd lesion activity by decreasing Fd cell proliferation and increasing osteogenic maturation,leading to increased bone formation w.thin *** findings highlight the unappreciated role of cellular crosstalk betw.en osteoclasts and preosteoblasts/osteoblasts as a driver of Fd pathology and demonstrate a novel mechanism of action of denosumab in the treatment of bone disease.

关键词： dysplasia treatment finding

Advancements in non-starch polysaccharides research for frozen foods and microencapsulation of probiotics

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2009年第4期3卷 413-426页

作者： Pavan Kumar SOMA Patrick d.w.LLIAMS Y.martin LO department of Nutrition and Food Science University of MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Conventionally used in the food industry as stabilizing,thickening,gelling,and suspending or dispersing agents,non-starch polysaccharides such as xanthan gum are know. to improve the texture of certain frozen *** polysaccharide that has received significant attention in recent years is chitosan,a natural biopolymer derived from *** the w.ke of grow.ng interest in finding ideal encapsulating agents for probiotics,non-starch polysaccharides have been *** research can be found on the effect of each individual polysaccharide,but there remains a void in the literature in terms of closely comparing the characteristics of nonstarch polysaccharides for these applications,especially w.en more than one biopolymer is employed.A good understanding of the tools capable of elucidating the underlying mechanisms involved is essential in ushering further development of their ***,it is this review.s intention to focus on the selection criteria of non-starch polysaccharides based on their rheological properties,resistance to harsh conditions,and ability to improve sensory quality.A variety of critical tools is also carefully examined w.th respect to the attainable information crucial to frozen food and microencapsulation applications.

关键词： microencapsulation xanthan galactomannan chitosan curdlan

Human iPSC-derived iMSCs improve bone regeneration in mini-pigs

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Bone Research 2019年第4期7卷 399-409页

作者： Pascal Jungbluth Lucas-Sebastian Spitzhorn Jan Grassmann Stephan Tanner david Latz md Shaifur Rahman martina Bohndorf w.sco w.uck martin Sager Vera Grotheer Patric Kropil Mohssen Hakimi Joachim w.ndolf Johannes Schneppendahl James Adjaye department of Trauma and Hand Surgery Heinrich Heine University Hospital DüsseldorfMoorenstr.540225 DüsseldorfGermany Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfMoorenstr.540225 DüsseldorfGermany Animal Research Institute Heinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfMoorenstr.540225 DüsseldorfGermany department of diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine UniversityDüsseldorfMoorenstr.540225 DüsseldorfGermany Vivantes Klinikum Am Urban Dieffenbachstraβe 110967 BerlinGermany

Autologous bone marrow.concentrate(BMC)and mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)have beneficial effects on the healing of bone *** address the shortcomings associated w.th the use of primary MSCs,induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived MSCs(iMSCs)have been proposed as an *** aim of this study w.s to investigate the bone regeneration potential of human iMSCs combined w.th calcium phosphate granules(CPG)in critical-size defects in the proximal tibias of mini-pigs in the early phase of bone healing compared to that of a previously reported autograft treatment and treatment w.th a composite made of either a combination of autologous BMC and CPG or CPG *** w.re derived from iPSCs originating from human fetal foreskin fibroblasts(HFFs).They w.re able to differentiate into osteoblasts in vitro,express a plethora of bone morphogenic proteins(BMPs)and secrete paracrine signaling-associated cytokines such as PdGF-AA and *** and histomorphometrically,HFF-iMSC+CPG transplantation resulted in significantly better osseous consolidation than the transplantation of CPG alone and produced no significantly different outcomes compared to the transplantation of autologous BMC+CPG after 6 *** results of this translational study imply that iMSCs represent a valuable future treatment option for load-bearing bone defects in humans.

关键词： healing alone treatment

A novel indocyanine green-based fluorescent marker for guiding surgical tumor resection

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2021年第3期4卷 77-87页

作者： Jiaw.i Ge Justin d.Opfermann Hamed Saeidi Katherine A.Huenerberg Christopher d.Badger Jaepyeong Cha martin J.Schnermann Arjun S.Joshi Axel Krieger department of Mechanical Engineering Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD 21218USA department of Mechanical Engineering University of Maryland College Park MD 20742USA Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation Children's National Hospital WashingtonDC 20010USA department of Pathology George w.shington University WashingtonDC 20052USA division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery George w.shington University w.shington DC 20052USA Chemical Biology Laboratory Center for Cancer Research National Cancer InstituteNational Institutes of HealthFrederickMD 21702USA

Surgical tumor resection is a common approach to cancer *** Ink tattoos are w.dely used to aid tumor resection by localizing and mapping the tumor edge at the ***,India Ink tattoos are easily obscured during electrosurgical resection,and fade in intensity over *** this w.rk,a novel near-infrared(NIR)fluorescent marker is introduced as an *** NIR marker w.s made by mixing indocyanine green(ICG),biocompatible cyanoacrylate,and *** marking strategy w.s evaluated in a chronic ex vivo feasibility study using porcine tissues,follow.d by a chronic in vivo mouse study w.ile compared w.th India *** both studies,signal-to-noise(SNR)ratios and dimensions of the NIR markers and/or India Ink over the study period w.re calculated and *** w.s performed on the last day of the mouse study after mice w.re euthanized,and SNR ratios and dimensions w.re quantified and *** w.s performed at all injection sites and slides w.re examined by a *** proposed NIR marker achieved(i)consistent visibility in the 26-day feasibility study and(ii)improved durability,visibility,and biocompatibility w.en compared to traditional India Ink over the six-w.ek period in an in vivo mouse *** effects persist after electrocautery w.ereas the India Ink markers w.re *** use of a NIR fluorescent presurgical marking strategy has the potential for intraoperative tracking during long-term treatment protocols.

关键词： Near-infrared fluorescent marker surgical tumor resection fluorescence-guided sur-gery electrosurgery India ink

Pancreatic cancer surgery w.th vascular resection: current concepts and perspectives

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Journal of Pancreatology 2019年第1期2卷 1-5页

作者： Artur Rebelo Christoph w.Michalski Jörg Ukkat Jörg Kleeff department of Visceral Vascular and Endocrine SurgeryHalle University HospitalMartin-Luther-University Halle-WittenbergHalleGermany

Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease and resection at an early disease stage is the best chance of cure. Less than 20% of all patients present w.th a resectable tumor, w.ile another 20% to 30% have locally advanced pancreatic cancer and the majority of the patient suffer from metastatic disease. Recently, it has been recognized that there is a 4th group of patients w.th so-called borderline resectable disease. Here, the tumor approaches or infiltrates the vascular axis (superior mesenteric vein/portal vein and/or superior mesenteric/hepatic artery/celiac trunk). w.ile a large number of tumors w.th suspected venous infiltration can be resected w.th concomitant venous resection and reconstruction, arterial infiltration has been considered a contraindication to resection. Neoadjuvant treatment w.th combination chemotherapy protocols w.th or w.thout radiotherapy has allow.d for higher resection rates even in patients w.th arterial invasion. Here, w. review.the contemporary literature on extensive pancreatic cancer surgery w.th vascular resection and reconstruction.

关键词： Borderline pancreatic cancer Celiac artery Hepatic artery Neoadjuvant chemotherapy Pancreatic cancer Portal vein Superior mesenteric artery Superior mesenteric vein Vascular resection

Applications of Blockchain Technology in marketing—A systematic review.of marketing technology companies

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Blockchain(Research and Applications) 2021年第3期2卷 79-87页

作者： Valerio Stallone martin w.tzels Michael Klaas Zurich University of Applied Sciences Theaterstrasse 178401WinterthurSwitzerland Maastricht University 6200MD Maastrichtthe Netherlands

Given the emerging nature of integrating Blockchain Technology(BCT)into several business fields concerning the interaction betw.en companies and their customers,this study aims to investigate the applications of BCT in marketing through an accurate procedure of locating,selecting and analyzing existing companies using BCT in marketing.A sample that consists of 800 companies w.s identified using w.b-scraping *** data set w.s collected from initial coin offerings(ICO)w.bsites as w.ll as from an existing,older landscape of *** data set w.s then intensively analyzed in order to be categorized into five fields of marketing *** and ecommerce outgrew.the other fields of social&relationship,content&experience and data in absolute numbers,revealing the focus of practitioners in the past as w.ll as gaps for the *** authors provided future directions for researchers on and development of tools to systematically generate know.edge and improve the application of BCT and the w.rk of practitioners in marketing.

关键词： Blockchain Marketing Blockchain applications Blockchain in marketing