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Mitigation of atrazine,S-metolachlor,and diazinon using common emergent aquatic vegetation

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第6期29卷 114-121页

作者： Matthew T.Moore martin a.locke Robert Krǒger Water Quality and Ecology Research Unit USDA Agricultural Research ServiceNational Sedimentation LaboratoryOxfordMS 38655USA

By the year 2050, the population of the United States is expected to reach over 418 million, while the global population will reach 9.6 billion. To provide safe food and fiber, agriculture must balance pesticide usage against impacts on natural resources. Challenges arise when storms cause runoff to be transported to aquatic receiving systems. Vegetated systems such as drainage ditches and constructed wetlands have been proposed as management practices to alleviate pesticide runoff. Twelve experimental mesocosms （1.3 ±0.71 ± 0.61 m） were filled with sediment and planted with a monoculture of one of three wetland plant species （Typha latifolia, Leersia oryzoides, and Sparganium arnericanurn）. Three mesocosms remained unvegetated to serve as controls. All mesocosms were amended with 9.2 ± 0.8 μg/L, 12 ± 0.4 μg/L, and 3.1 ± 0.2 μg/L of atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon, respectively, over a 4 hr hydraulic retention time to simulate storm runoff. Following the 4 hr amendment, non-amended water was flushed through mesocosms for an additional 4 hr. Outflow water samples were taken hourly from pre-amendment through 8 hr, and again at 12, 24, 48, 72, and 168 hr post-amendment. L. oryzoides and T. latifolia had mean atrazine, metolachlor, and diazinon retentions from B1%-55% for the first 4 hr of the experiment. Aside from S. arnericanum and atrazine （25% retention）, unvegetated controls had the lowest pesticide retention （17%-28%） of all compared mesocosms. While native aquatic vegetation shows promise for mitigation of pesticide runoff, further studies increasing the hydraulic retention time for improved efficiency should be examined.

关键词： Phytoremediation Pesticide Mesocosm Wetland

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Dredging effects on selected nutrient concentrations and ecoenzymatic activity in two drainage ditch sediments in the lower Mississippi River Valley

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2017年第3期5卷 190-195页

作者： Matt Moore martin a.locke Michael Jenkins Robert W.Steinriede Daniel S.McChesney USDA-Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory598 McElroy DriveOxfordMS 38655USA

Agricultural drainage ditches are conduits between production acreage and receiving aquatic *** overlooked for their mitigation capabilities,agricultural drainage ditches provide an important role for nutrient transformation via microbial *** in ecoenzyme activities have been used to elucidate microbial metabolism and resource demand of microbial communities to better understand the relationship between altered nutrient ratios and microbial activity in aquatic *** agricultural drainage ditches,one in the northeast portion of the Arkansas Delta and the other in the lower Mississippi Delta,were monitored for a *** samples were collected prior to each ditch being dredged(cleaned),and subsequent post-dredging samples occurred as soon as access was *** samples were then collected throughout a year to examine effects of dredging on selected nutrient concentrations and ecoenzymatic activity recovery in drainage ditch *** concentrations in sediments after dredging decreased 33–66%,depending on ditch and phosphorus extraction ***,ecoenzymatic activity was significantly decreased in most sediment samples after *** diacetate hydrolysis activity,an estimate of total microbial activity,decreased 56–67%after dredging in one of the two *** sample sites also had significant phosphorus and ecoenzymatic activity differences between the post-dredge samples and the year-long follow-up *** indicate microbial metabolism in dredged drainage ditches may take up to a year or more to recover to pre-dredged ***,while sediment nutrient concentrations may be decreased through dredging and removal,runoff and erosion events over time tend to quickly replenish nutrient concentrations in replaced *** nutrient dynamics and microbial metabolism within agricultural drainage ditches is a crucial step toward addressing issues of nutri

关键词： Phosphorus FDA Denitrification Mehlich III Microbial Metabolism

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国家公园中荒野的适应性规划与管理——来自北美的启示

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风景园林 2023年第10期30卷 20-33页

作者： [美]万斯·G.马丁 [加]哈维·洛克曹越张倩全球荒野基金会(南非) 世界自然保护联盟自然保护地委员会荒野专家组世界自然保护联盟自然保护地委员会后爱知目标特别工作组清华大学建筑学院

【目的】中国荒野存量丰富,为中国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系及其他国土空间创建一个关于荒野的视角与适应性管理方法,将有利于加强科学研究和土地管理,从而更好地保护中国的自然美景以及国家公园生态系统的原真性和完整性。【方... 详细信息

【目的】中国荒野存量丰富,为中国以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系及其他国土空间创建一个关于荒野的视角与适应性管理方法,将有利于加强科学研究和土地管理,从而更好地保护中国的自然美景以及国家公园生态系统的原真性和完整性。【方法/过程】重点回顾了加拿大和美国国家公园中荒野适应性管理中的经验与教训。20世纪初,自加拿大和美国开始,作为自然保护地概念的荒野在国家公园概念之后得以发展。北美有100年历史的荒野保护也随着理念、环境、冲突的变化,不断地进行适应性规划与管理调整。【结果/结论】在北美最具代表性的国家公园中,荒野地通常占公园总面积的95%以上。国家公园与荒野的关系取决于特定保护地中不同的保护目的和重点。无论荒野地是否被定义为国家公园的核心部分或独立的保护区,荒野的保护价值和质量被作为关键因素予以关注,或者以相应方式和原则得到管理。对拥有类似丰富荒野资源的中国提出4点建议:1)将荒野价值主流化并融入中国生态文明建设,尤其是国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设、“碳达峰”与“碳中和”、生物多样性保护政策与目标等方面;2)加强全国荒野普查与清单建设,确立中国荒野分类和认定标准;3)通过确定特定荒野属性与价值,对国家公园功能分区进行科学与动态调整;4)借鉴国际荒野管理指南与实践,制定中国荒野地适应性管理技术指导指南,提出对热门国家公园在最初就做好旅游发展与荒野游憩之间的平衡规划,将原住民纳入共治主体等建议。

关键词：荒野国家公园保护地国家公园中的荒野适应性管理北美

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