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The Normative Value of Truth and the Problem of Lie

Journalism and Mass Communication 2015年第2期5卷 98-104页

作者： marta szabat Jagiellonian University Medical College Krak6w Poland

The article concerns the normative value of truth in relation to lie. Based on arguments derived primarily from ancient philosophers (Eubulides, Plato, Aristotle), medieval philosophers (St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas), the thinker of the Renaissance—-Machiavelli, the main philosopher of the Enlightenment—-Kant, the 19th-century author of Beyond Good and Evil (Nietzsche), and contemporary thinkers such as Derrida and Lacan, the author considers here truth as a normative value. Lying is relative to the truth, and it has no ontological legitimacy, even it cannot exist without truth itself. In the final part of the article, the author concludes that the truth, however, cannot lead to clearly bad effects, be harmful or cause pain disproportionate to the effects caused by lie. Therefore, it must coexist with the good—-the other parent value. Only when both values complement each other can we talk about the normative value of truth. The truth should be correlated with other values on which value systems are based, especially the good of a person or group of persons, avoiding harm towards others, and the protection of a person"s health and life. Only then can the truth be appropriate to use. It is not an immovable foundation, but a dynamically functioning value, in which language and the ethical (active) dimensions provide the value of the specified situations. The truth can be a double-edged sword: It may hurt, but it can defend itself. The latter function seems to be the most important type of the normativity of truth.

关键词：相对真理价值体系谎言文艺复兴时期亚里士多德哲学家启蒙运动标准值

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Arabidopsis Protein Phosphatase 2C ABI1 Interacts with Type I ACC Synthases and Is Involved in the Regulation of Ozone-Induced Ethylene Biosynthesis

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Molecular Plant 2014年第6期7卷 960-976页

作者： Agnieszka Ludwikow Agata Ciesla Anna Kasprowicz-Malusk Filip Mitula Malgorzata Tajdel lukasz Gaigarnski Piotr A. Ziolkowski Piotr Kubiak Arleta Malecka Aneta Piechalak marta szabat Alicja Gorska Maciej Dabrowskia Izabela Ibragimow Jan Sadowski Department of Biotechnology Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University inPoznan Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland Institute of Plant Genetics Polish Academy of Science Strzeszynska 34 60-479 Poznan Poland Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Faculty of Biology Adam MickiewiczUniversity in Poznan Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology University of Life Sciences Wojska Polskiego 48 60-627 Poznan Poland Department of Biochemistry Institute of Molecular Bioloqy and Biotechnology Faculty of Bioloqy Adam Mickiewicz University inPoznan Umultowska 89 61-614 Poznan Poland

Ethylene plays a crucial role in various biological processes and therefore its biosynthesis is strictly regu- lated by multiple mechanisms. Posttranslational regulation, which is pivotal in controlling ethylene biosynthesis, impacts 1-aminocyclopropane 1-carboxylate synthase （ACS） protein stability via the complex interplay of specific factors. Here, we show that the Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase type 2C, ABI1, a negative regulator of abscisic acid signaling, is involved in the regulation of ethylene biosynthesis under oxidative stress conditions. We found that ABI1 interacts with ACS6 and dephosphorylates its C-terminal fragment, a target of the stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase, MPK6. In addition, ABI1 controls MPK6 activity directly and by this means also affects the ACS6 phosphorylation level. Consistently with this, ozone-induced ethylene production was significantly higher in an ABI1 knockout strain （abiltd） than in wild-type plants. Importantly, an increase in stress-induced ethylene production in the abiltd mutant was compen- sated by a higher ascorbate redox state and elevated antioxidant activities. Overall, the results of this study provide evi- dence that ABI1 restricts ethylene synthesis by affecting the activity of ACS6. The ABI1 contribution to stress phenotype underpins its role in the interplay between the abscisic acid （ABA） and ethylene signaling pathways.

关键词： hormonal regulation protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation signal transduction Arabidopsis.

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