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Intestinal microbiota in health and disease: Role of bifidobacteria in gut homeostasis

World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15163-15176页

作者： Rafael Tojo Adolfo Suárez marta g clemente Clara g de los Reyes-gavilán Abelardo Margolles Miguel gueimonde Patricia Ruas-Madiedo gastroenterology Department Hospital de Cabue?es gastroenterology Department Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Respiratory Department Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (HUCA) Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC)

The pool of microbes inhabiting our body is known as “microbiota” and their collective genomes as “microbiome”. The colon is the most densely populated organ in the human body, although other parts, such as the skin, vaginal mucosa, or respiratory tract, also harbour specific microbiota. This microbial community regulates some important metabolic and physiological functions of the host, and drives the maturation of the immune system in early life, contributing to its homeostasis during life. Alterations of the intestinal microbiota can occur by changes in composition (dysbiosis), function, or microbiota-host interactions and they can be directly correlated with several diseases. The only disease in which a clear causal role of a dysbiotic microbiota has been demonstrated is the case of Clostridium difficile infections. Nonetheless, alterations in composition and function of the microbiota have been associated with several gastrointestinal diseases (inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, or irritable bowel syndrome), as well as extra-intestinal pathologies, such as those affecting the liver, or the respiratory tract (e.g., allergy, bronchial asthma, and cystic fibrosis), among others. Species of Bifidobacterium genus are the normal inhabitants of a healthy human gut and alterations in number and composition of their populations is one of the most frequent features present in these diseases. The use of probiotics, including bifidobacteria strains, in preventive medicine to maintain a healthy intestinal function is well documented. Probiotics are also proposed as therapeutic agents for gastrointestinal disorders and other pathologies. The World gastroenterology Organization recently published potential clinical applications for several probiotic formulations, in which species of lactobacilli are predominant. This review is focused on probiotic preparations containing Bifidobacterium strains, alone or in combination with other bac

关键词： Intestinal microbiota Bifidobacterium Probiotics Dysbiosis Inflammatory bowel disease Irritable bowel syndrome Colorectal cancer Liver disease Respiratory disease Functional foods

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Photolysis of a mixture of anthracene and benzo[a] pyrene at ultra-trace levels in natural water with disinfection purposes

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第6期32卷 79-94页

作者： Ainhoa Rubio-clemente Edwin Chica gustavo A.Penuela Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud.Universidad Catolica de Murcia(UCAM) Murcia 30107Spain grupo gDCON Facultad de IngenieriaSede de Investigaciones Universitarias(SIU)Universidad de Antioquia(UdeA)Medellín 050010Colombia Facultad de Ingenieria Tecnologico de Antioquia-Institucion Universitaria(TdeA)Medellín 050034Colombia Departamento de Ingenieria Mecanica Facultad de IngenieriaUniversidad de Antioquia(UdeA)Medellín 050010Colombia

The photodegradation of anthracene(AN)and benzo[a]pyrene(BaP),two priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),was examined at ultra-trace levels in surface water to elucidate their behaviour under several irradiance values and types of *** emitting flux and the spectrum of the lamps were found to develop a crucial role in AN and BaP degradation since removal efficiencies of the target contaminants higher than 99%were found after 15 min of irradiation under an ultraviolet C(UVC)irradiance of 0.63 mW/cm^2,corresponding to a fluence of 560.25 mJ/cm^*** the other hand,although ultraviolet A(UVA)lamps exhibited a higher irradiance compared to that of UVC lamps,they were not efficient for degrading the target *** removal kinetic studies corroborated these findings,being the AN elimination rate in surface water higher than that in deionized water at optimal operating *** potential was also measured.A rapid microbial load inactivation,in terms of total coliforms naturally contained in the water matrix studied,was evidenced within 15 min of treatment for the fluence ***,after 24 hr in the dark,a regrowth was ***,photolysis products more toxic than the parent compounds were found,which were not removed even by extending the treatment *** this regard,it can be concluded that the individual action of UVC light for removing AN and BaP with disinfection purposes is not an efficient treatment;therefore,the use of radiation in combination with other kinds of treatments is required.

关键词： Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon Photolysis Matrix constituent Intermediate product Disinfection Regrowth

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Bowman-Birk inhibitors from legumes as colorectal chemopreventive agents

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2014年第30期20卷 10305-10315页

作者： Alfonso clemente Maria del Carmen Arques Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC)18008 GranadaSpain

Aberrant functioning of serine proteases in inflammatory and carcinogenic processes within the gastrointestinal tract(gIT)has prompted scientists to investigate the potential of serine protease inhibitors,both natural and synthetic,as modulators of their proteolytic *** inhibitors of the Bowman-Birk type,a major protease inhibitor family in legume seeds,which inhibit potently and specifically trypsin-and chymotrypsin-like proteases,are currently being investigated as colorectal chemopreventive *** relevant amounts of Bowman-Birk inhibitors(BBI)can reach the large intestine in active form due to their extraordinary resistance to extreme conditions within the *** in animal models have proven that dietary BBI from several legume sources,including soybean,pea,lentil and chickpea,can prevent or suppress carcinogenic and inflammatory processes within the *** the therapeutic targets and the action mechanism of BBI have not yet been elucidated,the emerging evidence suggests that BBI exert their preventive properties via protease inhibition;in this sense,serine proteases should be considered as primary targets in early stages of *** validation of candidate serine proteases as therapeutic targets together with the identification,within the wide array of natural BBI variants,of the most potent and specific protease inhibitors,are necessary to better understand the potential of this protein family as colorectal chemopreventive agents.

关键词： Bowman-Birk inhibitors Cell proliferation Chemoprevention Colorectal cancer Legumes Serine proteases

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Regular Production of Transgenic Wheat Mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2002年第3期1卷 239-244页

作者： Tom clemente Center for Biotechnology University of Nebraska-Lincoln NE 68503 USA

Wheat is the number one crop both in acreage and total yield in the world. Therefore, it is very important to improve wheat by gene engineering techniques even though it belongs to the plants insensitive to gene transformation, especially to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Wheat immature embryos of 1.0 - 1.5mm in size, C58cl of Agrobacterium strain harboring pPTN249, pPTN270, pPTN254, and pSIS-gFP respectively (all the vectors contain the aphA selectable gene driven by enhanced 35S promoter and a target gene controlled by ubi promoter or E35S promoter), AB medium for Agrobacterium activate culture, WCC medium for co-culture, were used in this study. The embryos with 4 days of pre-culture were transferred onto selection medium with 10mg/L geneticin, 50mg/L ticarcillin, 50mg/L vancomycin, and 50mg/L cefotaxine after 30 minutes of infection and 2 days of co-cultivation with Agrobacterium. Followed callus production, shoot regeneration on selection medium, 114 resistant plantlets were obtained from 10 transformation experiments of four genotypes. By nptll ELISA (nptII enzyme assay), PCR, Southern blot and leaf bleach, 29 positive plants were identified from two genotypes of Bobwhite and Yangmai 10, with an average transformation efficiency of 0.82%. The result tested by Southern blot also showed that the transgenic plants with single- copy integration of target gene took 65.52% among total positive plants. The ELISA value of transgenic plant was also related to the copies of alien DNA integrating into wheat chromosomes, the transgenic plants with single copy integration giving higher ELISA value than the ones with 2 or 3 copies integration.

关键词： Transgenic wheat Agrobacterium tumefaciens Molecular analysis npt II ELISA analysis Single-copy integration

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Pediatric non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Recent solutions, unresolved issues, and future research directions

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2016年第36期22卷 8078-8093页

作者： Maria grazia clemente Claudia Mandato Marco Poeta Pietro Vajro Pediatric Clinic Department of SurgicalMicrosurgical and Medical SciencesUniversity of Sassari07100 SassariItaly Pediatrics of AORN Santobono-Pausilipon 80123 NaplesItaly Pediatrics Department of MedicineSurgery and Dentistry'Scuola Medica Salernitana'University of Salerno84081 BaronissiItaly ELFID European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Disease 80138 NaplesItaly

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in children is becoming a major health concern. A "multiple-hit" pathogenetic model has been suggested to explain the progressive liver damage that occurs among children with NAFLD. In addition to the accumulation of fat in the liver, insulin resistance(IR) and oxidative stress due to genetic/epigenetic background, unfavorable lifestyles, gut microbiota and gut-liver axis dysfunction, and perturbations of trace element homeostasis have been shown to be critical for disease progression and the development of more severe inflammatory and fibrotic stages [non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH)]. Simple clinical and laboratory parameters, such as age, history, anthropometrical data(BMI and waist circumference percentiles), blood pressure, surrogate clinical markers of IR(acanthosis nigricans), abdominal ultrasounds, and serum transaminases, lipids and glucose/insulin profiles, allow a clinician to identify children with obesity and obesity-related conditions, including NAFLD and cardiovascular and metabolic risks. A liver biopsy(the "imperfect" gold standard) is required for a definitive NAFLD/NASH diagnosis, particularly to exclude other treatable conditions or when advanced liver disease is expected on clinical and laboratory grounds and preferably prior to any controlled trial of pharmacological/surgical treatments. However, a biopsy clearly cannot represent a screening procedure. Advancements in diagnostic serum and imaging tools, especially for the non-invasive differentiation between NAFLD and NASH, have shown promising results, e.g., magnetic resonance elastography. Weight loss and physical activity should be the first option of *** pharmacological treatments are still under development; however, drugs targeting IR, oxidative stress, proinflammatory pathways, dyslipidemia, gut microbiota and gut liver axis dysfunction are an option for patients who are unable to comply with the recommended lifestyle changes

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Childhood obesity Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Hepatic metabolic syndrome Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease diagnosis

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Forest structure of a maple old-growth stand: a case study on the Apennines mountains(Southern Italy)

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第7期14卷 1329-1340页

作者： Pasquale A.MARZILIANO Vittoria COLETTA Angelo SCUDERI clemente SCALISE giuliano MENgUZZATO Fabio LOMBARDI Mediterranean University of Reggio Calabria. Department of AgRARIA. Loc.

In Europe, very small forest areas can be considered to be old-growth, and they are mainly located in Eastern Europe. The typical structures of old growth forests infrequently occur in Mediterranean mountainous environments, since they have been affected by human activities for centuries. This study focused on a remote and almost pure Italian maple stand located in southern Italy, which has not been managed for long time due to its inaccessibility. The effects of natural evolution on the forest stand were evaluated through the analysis of the spatial and chronological structure and the regeneration patterns, then estimating the amounts and quality of deadwood occurrence. Across the whole stand, all the trees with DBH （diameter at breast height） larger than 50 cm （LLT, large living trees） were measured （DBH and height） and age was also determined through a dendrochronological approach. The diameters observed ranged between 50 and 145 cm with ages of 12o to ~5o years. The Latham index calculated for trees within the sample plot highlighted a multilayered canopy with a dominant layer of largeliving trees （age 〉 120 years）. The size-class distribution of stems had a reverse-J shape, and basal area was 52 m2 ha-1. Deadwood was exclusively constituted by standing dead trees and CWD and its volume was on average 31 m3 ha-1. Pure Italian maple forests are generally rare in Europe, and it was unexpected to find a forest stand characterized by a so complex structure with old growth attributes. The study of complex forest stand, even if small, could give precious information on the forest evolution, clarifying also diverse auto-ecological traits of tree species that usually are not common in our forests.

关键词： Mediterranean mountainous ecosystems Natural evolution Stand characteristics Deadwood Unmanaged forests

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Impact of comorbidity in elderly prostate cancer patients treated with brachytherapy

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Chinese Journal of Cancer Research 2013年第3期25卷 274-280页

作者： Costanza Chiumento Alba Fiorentino Mariella Cozzolino Rocchina Caivano Stefania clemente Piernicola Pedicini Vincenzo Fusco Department of Radiation Oncology IRCCS-CROBRionero in Vulture 85028 Italy

Objective： To analyze the correlations among comorbidity and overall survival （OS）, biochemical progression-free survival （b-PFS） and toxicity in elderly patients with localized prostate cancer treated with 125I brachytherapy. Methods： Elderly men, aged ≥65 years, with low-intermediate risk prostate cancer, were treated with permanent 125I brachytherapy as monotherapy. Comorbidity data were obtained from medical reports using age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index （a-CCI）. The patients were categorized into two age groups （〈75 and 〉75 years old）, and two comorbidity score groups （a-CCI ≤3 and 〉3）. Toxicity was scored with Radiation Therapy Oncology group （RTOg） scale. Results： From June 2003 to October 2009, a total of 92 elderly patients underwent prostate brachytherapy, including 57 men （62%） with low-risk prostate cancer, and 35 men （38%） with intermediate-risk prostate cancer. The median age of patients was 75 years （range, 65-87 years）. Forty-seven patients （51%） bad a-CCI _〈3 and 45 patients （49%） a-CCI 〉3. With a median follow-up period of 56 months （range, 24-103 months）, the 5-year actuarial OS and b-PFS were 91.3% and 92.4% respectively, without statistical significance between two Charlson score groups. Toxicity was mild. None of the patients experienced gastrointestinal （gI） toxicity, and only 4 patiens （4%） experienced late genitourinary （gU） grade-3 （g3） toxicity. No correlation between acute gU and gI toxicity and eomorbidity was showed （P=0.50 and P=0.70, respectively）. Conclusions： Our data suggest that elderly men with low-intermediate risk prostate cancer and comorbidity can be considered for a radical treatment as 12Sl low-dose rate brachytherapy.

关键词： Prostate cancer braehytherapy elderly comorbidity toxicity overall survival biochemical control

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Hepatocellular adenoma: An unsolved diagnostic enigma

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World Journal of gastroenterology 2019年第20期25卷 2442-2449页

作者： Matteo Renzulli Alfredo clemente Francesco Tovoli Salvatore Cappabianca Luigi Bolondi Rita golfieri Radiology Unit Department of ExperimentalDiagnostic and Speciality MedicineSant’Orsola HospitalUniversity of BolognaBologna 40138Italy Radiology and Radiotherapy Unit Department of Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania "L. Vanvitelli"Naples 80138Italy Unit of Internal Medicine Department of Medical and Surgical SciencesUniversity of BolognaBologna 40138Italy

Hepatocellular adenoma (HCA) is a rare benign liver tumour associated with the use of oral contraceptives or other steroid medications which occurs predominantly in young and middle-aged women. Unlike other benign liver tumours, an HCA may be complicated by bleeding and malignant transformation. HCAs have been divided into four subtypes based on molecular and pathological features: hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α-mutated HCA, inflammatory HCA,β-catenin-mutated HCA, and unclassified HCA.β-cateninmutated HCA has the highest risk of haemorrhage or malignant transformation. In the latest upgrade of the guidelines regarding the management of benign liver tumours published in 2016 by the European Association for the Study of the Liver, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was recognized to be superior to all other imaging modalities in detecting HCAs and in being able to subtype HCAs up to 80%, with positive identification of 1α-mutated HCA or inflammatory HCA achievable with > 90% specificity. This review analyzed the imaging features of HCA using MRI with hepato-specific contrast agents, focusing on the limitations in the HCA characterization.

关键词： Hepatocellular adenoma Magnetic resonance imaging Hepato-specific contrast media Liver neoplasm gadolinium-ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid

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Rat model of anal sphincter injury and two approaches for stem cell administration

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2018年第1期10卷 1-14页

作者： Jacobo Trébol Tihomir georgiev-Hristov Luz Vega-clemente Ignacio garcía-gómez Ana Carabias-Orgaz Mariano garcía-Arranz Damián garcía-Olmo Department of general and Digestive Tract Surgery University Hospital“La Paz”Madrid 28046Spain Department of general and Digestive Tract Surgery Villalba General HospitalMadrid 28400Spain New Therapies Laboratory Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid 28040Spain Hektoen Institute of Medicine ChicagoIL 60612United States Department of Anaesthesiology Complejo Asistencial deávilaávila 05004Spain New Therapies Laboratory Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid 28040Spain Department of general and Digestive Tract Surgery Quiron-Salud HospitalsMadrid 28040Spain Department of Surgery Madrid Autonomous UniversityMadrid 28029Spain

AIM To establish a rat model of anal sphincter injury and test different systems to provide stem cells to injured *** Adipose-derived stem cells(ASCs) were isolated from BDIX rats and were transfected with green fluorescent protein(gFP) for cell tracking. Biosutures(sutures covered with ASCs) were prepared with 1.5 × 10~6 gFPASCs, and solutions of 10~6 gFP-ASCs in normal saline were prepared for injection. Anorectal normal anatomy was studied on Wistar and BDIX female rats. Then, we designed an anal sphincter injury model consisting of a 1-cm extra-mucosal miotomy beginning at the anal verge in the anterior middle line. The sphincter lesion was confirmed with conventional histology(hematoxylin and eosin) and immunofluorescence with 4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(commonly known as DAPI), gFP and α-actin. Functional effect was assessed with basal anal manometry, prior to and after injury. After sphincter damage, 36 BDIX rats were randomized to three groups for:(1) Cell injection without repair;(2) biosuture repair; and(3) conventional suture repair and cell injection. Functional and safety studies were conducted on all the animals. Rats were sacrificed after 1, 4 or 7 d. Then, histological and immunofluorescence studies were performed on the surgical *** With the described protocol, biosutures had been covered with at least 820000-860000 ASCs, with 100% viability. Our studies demonstrated that some ASCs remained adhered after suture passage through the muscle. Morphological assessment showed that the rat anal anatomy is comparable with human anatomy; two sphincters are present, but the external sphincter is poorly developed. Anal sphincter pressure data showed spontaneous, consistent, rhythmic anal contractions, taking the form of "plateaus" with multiple twitches(peaks) in each pressure wave. These basal contractions were very heterogeneous; their frequency was 0.91-4.17 per min(mean 1.6980, SD 0.57698), their mean duration was 26.67 s and mean numb

关键词： Fecal incontinence Experimental rat model Anal sphincter Cell implantation Cell therapy Stem cells Mesenchymal stem cell

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Modeling and predicting dengue fever cases in key regions of the Philippines using remote sensing data

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2019年第2期12卷 60-66页

作者： Maria Ruth B.Pineda-Cortel Benjie M.clemente Pham Thi Thanh Nga Department of Medical Technology Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Santo Tomas Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences University of Santo Tomas The graduate School University of Santo Tomas Vietnam National Space Center Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology

Objective: To correlate climatic and environmental factors such as land surface temperature, rainfall, humidity and normalized difference vegetation index with the incidence of dengue to develop prediction models for the Philippines using remote-sensing ***: Timeseries analysis was performed using dengue cases in four regions of the Philippines and monthly climatic variables extracted from global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation for rainfall, and MODIS for the land surface temperature and normalized difference vegetation index from *** dataset during the period of study was utilized in Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models to predict dengue incidence in the four regions being ***: The best-fitting models were selected to characterize the relationship between dengue incidence and climate *** predicted cases of dengue for January to December 2015 period fitted well with the actual dengue cases of the same *** also showed significantly good linear regression with a square of correlation of 0.869 5 for the four regions ***: Climatic and environmental variables are positively associated with dengue incidence and suit best as predictor factors using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average *** finding could be a meaningful tool in developing an early warning model based on weather forecasts to deliver effective public health prevention and mitigation programs.

关键词： Dengue fever Climate change Remote sensing data Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average models

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