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A Comparative Study of Different Strains of Trichoderma under Different Conditions of Temperature and pH for the Control of Rhizoctonia solani

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Agricultural Sciences 2022年第6期13卷 702-714页

作者： Pérez Alejandro Andrés Pérez María Alejandra martínez coca benedicto Rollhaiser Ignacio Nahuel Blengini María Clara Chair of Phytopathology Bioinput Transfer Center Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Agrifood Quality Transfer Center Faculty of Agricultural Sciences National University of Córdoba Córdoba Argentina Cuban National Health Center San José de las Lajas Cuba

Severe damage caused by R. solani in the potato crop and the current limitations for its control justify the assessment of potential biocontrol agents and their relationship with abiotic factors to be successfully included in sustainable production systems. The aim of this study was to test the effect of temperature (10˚C, 15˚C, 25˚C, 35˚C) and pH (5.5, 7, 8.5) on the growth and antagonist mechanisms of 26 native strains of 11 species of Trichoderma for the control of R. solani. The response obtained was dependent on the isolation, rather than on the Trichoderma specie that was tested. Most of them showed greater growth at 25˚C and pH 5.5, with overgrowth values between 75% and 100% and greater percentage of radial growth inhibition (PRGI) at 50%. A greater ability to compete for the substrate is observed, enhanced by its higher growth rate. Hyphal interaction mechanisms were varied and, at least, 92% of the isolations showed a minimum of two different types. Knowledge of the behavior of the different strains in front of varied abiotic factors will enable an understanding of the population dynamic of Trichoderma and the identification of the most efficient strains for the control of R. solani.

关键词： Biological Control Abiotic Factors Phytopathogen

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Wild potato species (Solanumsection Petota Solanaceae) in the Tunari National Park, Andean Region of Cochabamba, Bolivia

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Open Journal of Ecology 2014年第2期4卷 28-32页

作者： Mario coca Morante Alejandro coca-Salazar Centro de Biodiversidad y Genética Facultad de Ciencias y Tecnología Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia Departamento de Fitotecnia y Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias “Martín Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón Cochabamba Bolivia

The Tunari National Park is located in the Tunari Mountain Range, part of the Cochabamba Range in the Bolivian Andes. The Park is home to species of wild potato (Solanum section Petota Solanaceae), but these are now threatened by human activity. The aims of the present study were: 1) to determine the distribution of wild potato species in the Park, and, 2) to determine the size of their populations. Collection routes were established within the Park, and the species present along them recorded in 2006, 2007 and 2008. Their population sizes were determined in 2008. Four wild potato species were identified: S. capsicibaccatum, S. berthaultii, S. brevicaule and S. toralapanum. S. capsicibaccatum was the most abundant and had the most extensive distribution, followed by S. berthaultii;these last two species are likely endemic. The other species, although probably also endemic, were much less widely distributed;some limiting factor(s) would therefore appear to be acting upon them. S. berthaultii showed variations in corolla shape (rotate, pentagonal and semi-stellate) and flower colour (whitish-lilac to blue-lilac). The remaining species showed no apparent intraspecific variation in their morphological characteristics.

关键词： Genetic Erosion Anthropic Activity Biological Diversity

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Control of Leaf Spot Diseases on Ecotypes of Faba Bean (Vicia fabaL.) Produced in the Andean Region of Bolivia

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1150-1158页

作者： M. coca-Morante F. Mamani-álvarez Departamento de Fitotecnia y Producción Vegetal Facultad de Ciencias Agrícolas Pecuarias Forestales y Veterinarias Dr. “Martín Cárdenas” Universidad Mayor de San Simón (UMSS) Cochabamba Bolivia 2Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agrícola y Forestal (INIAF) La Paz Bolivia

The basin of Lake Titicaca is a faba bean-producing microregion of Bolivia where the crop is destined for export. The most commonly cultivated ecotypes “Gigante de Copacabana” and “Usnayo” are affected by diseases that can cause production losses. The aims of the present work were to identify the causal agents of leaf spot affecting these ecotypes, to record disease intensity levels, and to estimate their effect on production. In 2004 and 2005, leaflet, stem and pod samples were taken from faba bean plants with leaf spot growing in the Lake Titicaca area, and from plants in an experimental plot established to determine the effect of five different treatments on production and disease intensity: T1 = Control;T2 = seed treatment with Trichoderma sp. + alternate foliar spraying with benomyl and mancozeb;T3 = seed treatment with fludioxanil/metalaxyl M + alternate foliar spraying with benomyl and mancozeb;T4 = foliar spraying with Trichoderma sp.;T5 = alternate foliar spraying with cymoxanyl and mancozeb-chlorothalonil. Microscopic analysis of the samples revealed the presence of new fungal pathogens for faba beans in Bolivia (Cladosporium sp., and Lepthosphaerulina sp.) as well as emerging fungal pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, B. fabae, Ascochyta fabae, Alternaria sp. and Cercospora sp.). None of the treatments affected the disease progression curve (DPC) for incidence, although effects were seen with respect to disease severity. The seed + foliar treatments (T2 and T3) were more effective at controlling disease than leaf treatments on their own (T4 and T5). Modelling analysis showed faba bean leaf spot disease to be moderately destructive. Compared to chemical treatments, biocontrol with Trichoderma spp. preliminary was found to provide good control of the disease. Losses due to leaf spot disease of 36% were recorded, and a strong correlation detected between yield and disease severity.

关键词： Ecotypes Modeling Diseases Intensity

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