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Free-ranging dogs match a human’s preference in a foraging task

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 343-349页

作者： Giulia Cimarelli Magdelena Juskaite Friederike Range Sarah marshall-Pescini Domestication Lab Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Life SciencesUniversity of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVeterinärplatz 11210ViennaAustria Department of Biology Education Stockholm UniversityStockholmSweden

Social learning is a mechanism used by many species to effciently gain information about their *** many animals live in an environment where members of other species are present,little is known about interspecifc social *** and urbanized species provide the opportunity to investigate whether nonhuman animals can learn from heterospecifcs such as humans,who are integral parts of their social *** domestic dogs Canis familiaris have been intensively researched for their ability to learn from humans,most studies have focused on dogs living as ***,free-ranging dogs represent the majority of the world’s dog population,they live alongside humans,scavenge on human refuse,and are subject to natural and sexual ***,free-ranging dogs with extensive exposure to humans and their artifacts provide the opportunity to investigate interspecifc social learning in a naturalistic setting,where learning from humans might be a beneft for *** we tested individual free-ranging dogs in a between-subject design:Dogs in the control group could spontaneously choose between two novel and differently patterned food-delivering *** the experimental group,instead,dogs could frst observe an unfamiliar human approaching and eating from 1 of the 2 *** provide the frst evidence that free-ranging dogs match the choice of an unfamiliar *** results show that at least simple forms of interspecifc social learning might be involved in dogs’success in living alongside humans in a complex urbanized environment.

关键词： Canis familiaris dogs domestication foraging free-ranging dogs social learning urbanization.

Urbanization does not affect red foxes’interest in anthropogenic food,but increases their initial cautiousness

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Current Zoology 2024年第3期70卷 394-405页

作者： Martina Lazzaroni Rudy Brogi Valentina Napolitano Marco Apollonio Friederike Range Sarah marshall-Pescini Domestication Laboratory Konrad Lorenz Institute of EthologyUniversity of Veterinary MedicineVienna A-1160Austria Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Sassarivia Vienna 2I-07100 SassariItaly

Human presence and activities have profoundly altered animals’habitats,exposing them to greater risks but also providing new opportunities and *** animals’capacity to effectively navigate and strike a balance between risks and benefts is crucial for their survival in the Anthropocene *** foxes(Vulpes vulpes),adept urban dwellers,exhibit behavioral plasticity in human-altered *** investigated variations in detection frequency on trail cameras and the behavioral responses(explorative,bold,and fearful)of wild red foxes living along an urbanization gradient when exposed to a metal bin initially presented clean and then flled with anthropogenic *** fox populations displayed an increased interest and similar explorative behavioral responses toward the anthropogenic food source,irrespective of the urbanization gradi*** no impact on explorative behaviors,foxes in more urbanized areas initially showed heightened fear toward the empty bin,indicating increased apprehension toward novel ***,this fear diminished over time,and in the presence of food,urban foxes displayed slightly reduced fear compared with their less urban *** results highlight foxes’potential for adaptability to human landscapes,additionally underscoring the nuanced interplay of fear and explorative behavioral response of populations living along the urbanization gradient.

关键词： anthropization bold explorative fearful human footprint Vulpes vulpes.

Targeting TrkB–PSD-95 coupling to mitigate neurological disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 715-724页

作者： Xin Yang Yu-Wen Alvin Huang John marshall Department of Molecular Biology Cell Biology and BiochemistryBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Department of Neurology Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA Center for Translational Neuroscience Robert J.and Nancy D.Carney Institute for Brain Science and Brown Institute for Translational ScienceBrown UniversityProvidenceRIUSA

Tropomyosin receptor kinase B(TrkB)signaling plays a pivotal role in dendritic growth and dendritic spine formation to promote learning and *** activity-dependent release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor at synapses binds to pre-or postsynaptic TrkB resulting in the strengthening of synapses,reflected by long-term ***,the association of postsynaptic density protein-95 with TrkB enhances phospholipase Cγ-Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡand phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling required for long-term *** this review,we discuss TrkB-postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling as a promising strategy to magnify brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling towards the development of novel therapeutics for specific neurological disorders.A reduction of TrkB signaling has been observed in neurodegenerative disorders,such as Alzheimer's disease and Huntington's disease,and enhancement of postsynaptic density protein-95 association with TrkB signaling could mitigate the observed deficiency of neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia and *** with brain-derived neurotrophic factor is problematic,due to poor pharmacokinetics,low brain penetration,and side effects resulting from activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor or the truncated TrkB.T1 *** TrkB agonists and antibodies that activate TrkB are being intensively investigated,they cannot distinguish the multiple human TrkB splicing isoforms or cell type-specific *** TrkB–postsynaptic density protein-95 coupling provides an alternative approach to specifically boost TrkB signaling at localized synaptic sites versus global stimulation that risks many adverse side effects.

关键词： Angelman syndrome autism brain-derived neurotrophic factor depression neurodegenerative disorder neurodevelopmental disorder postsynaptic density protein-95 synaptic plasticity TrkB

LKB1 depletion-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition induces fibroblast activation in lung fibrosis

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第3期11卷 417-426页

作者： Zijian Xu Elizabeth R.Davies Liudi Yao Yilu Zhou Juanjuan Li Aiman Alzetani Ben G.marshall David Hancock Tim Wallis Julian Downward Rob M.Ewing Donna E.Davies Mark G.Jones Yihua Wang Biological Sciences Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK clinical and Experimental Sciences Faculty of MedicineUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK Institute for Life Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre University Hospital SouthamptonSouthampton SO166YDUK University Hospital Southampton Southampton SO166YDUK Oncogene Biology The Francis Crick InstituteLondon NW11ATUK

The factors that determine fibrosis progression or normal tissue repair are largely *** previously demonstrated that autophagy inhibition-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in human alveolar epithelial type Il(ATIl)cells augments local myofibroblast differentiation in pulmonary fibrosis by paracrine ***,we report that liver kinase B1(LKB1)inactivation in ATIl cells inhibits autophagy and induces EMT as a *** IPF lungs,this is caused by the down-regulation of CAB39L,a key subunit within the LKB1 complex.3D co-cultures of ATIl cells and MRC5 lung fibroblasts coupled with RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)confirmed that paracrine signaling between LKB1-depleted ATIl cells and fibroblasts augmented myofibroblast ***,these data suggest that reduced autophagy caused by LKB1 inhibition can induce EMT in ATIl cells and contribute to fibrosis via aberrant epithelial-fibroblast crosstalk.

关键词： CAB39L Crosstalk EMT LKB1 Pulmonary fibrosis

Mechanism-directed combinational immunotherapies in liver cancer hold promise

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第11期20卷 1395-1397页

作者： Gregory marshall Jian Cao Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey New BrunswickNJ08901USA Department of Medicine Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgersThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJ08901USA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is the most prevalent form of primary liver cancer,and it is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality *** primary causes of HCC include chronic infections with hepatitis B virus... 详细信息

关键词： cancer mortality hepatitis

Radiofrequency ablation for renal tumours: A retrospective study from a tertiary centre

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Asian Journal of Urology 2023年第2期10卷 177-181页

作者： Mohammed Al-Zubaidi Kennia Lotter Martin marshall Mikhail Lozinskiy Department of Urology Royal Perth HospitalPerthAustralia Department of Radiology Royal Perth HospitalPerthAustralia

Objective:This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy outcomes of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation(RFA)for localised renal cell carcinoma(RCC)in a tertiary hospital patient who remained unfit for surgical ***:We retrospectively analysed survival outcomes for patients with biopsy proven RCC treated by RFA at Royal Perth Hospital between September 2009 and May *** data were gathered for all patients that underwent renal RFA along with 2-and 5-year recurrence-free survival(RFS)rate and compared the outcomes with data from previous ***:A total of 69 patients(73 procedures)were eligible for the study,and those patients had biopsy-proven RCC with a minimum of 2-year *** complication rate was 8.2%(6/73)and local recurrence rate 9.6%(7/73).Two-year RFS is 95.7% and 5-year RFS is 78.8% on a median 3.82-year follow-up(interquartile range 1.90-5.75 years).Conclusion:RFA performed at our centre was found to be safe and effective with low complication rates and durable RFS in line with expectations from existing *** study demonstrated that RFA is an alternative modality of treatment for small renal tumours in patients unfit for surgical approach.

关键词： Radiofrequency ablation Small renal tumour Hydrodissection Renal cell carcinoma

Understanding Lithium-ion Transport in Sulfolane- and Tetraglyme-Based Electrolytes Using Very Low-Frequency Impedance Spectroscopy

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第1期6卷 368-376页

作者： Janet SHo Oleg A.Borodin Michael SDing Lin Ma marshall A.Schroeder Glenn R.Pastel Kang Xu Energy Sciences Division Sensors and Electron Devices DirectorateUS Army Research LaboratoryAdelphi MD 20783USA

With the increasing interest in highly concentrated electrolyte systems,correct determination of the cation transference number is ***-field gradient NMR technique,which measures self-diffusion coefficients,is often applied on liquid electrolytes because of the wide accessibility and simple sample ***,since the assumptions of this technique,that is,complete salt dissociation,all ions participating in motion,and all of them moving independently,no longer hold true in concentrated solutions,the transference numbers,thus obtained are often *** the present work,impedance spectroscopy at a frequency range of 1 MHz to 0.1 mHz was used to examine the concentration effect on lithium-ion transference number under anion-blocking conditions T abc Liþfor two electrolytes:lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide(LiFSI)in sulfolane(SL)and lithium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide(LiTFSI)in tetraglyme(G4).The T abc Liþof the former was almost an order of magnitude higher than that of the *** also appeared to increase with increasing concentration while the latter followed an opposite *** faster Li^(+)transport in the SL system is attributed to the formation of a liquid structure consisting of extended chains/bridges of SL molecules and the anions,which facilitate a cation-hopping/ligand-exchanged-typed diffusion mechanism by partially decoupling the cations from the anions and solvent *** G4 system,in contrast,is dominated by the formation of long-lived,stable[Li(G4)]+solvation cages that results in a sluggish Li+*** difference between the two transport mechanisms is discussed via comparison of the bulk ionic conductivity,viscosity,ion self-diffusion coefficients,and the Onsager transport coefficients.

关键词： anion-blocking conditions ion correlations low-frequency impedance spectroscopy transference number

A diagnosis with a twist:Ultrasonographic sensitivity and predictors of pediatric ovarian torsion within a large pediatric hospital

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第3期13卷 229-231页

作者： Mark K.Hewitt Jesse E.marshall-Sheppard April J.Kam Department of Medicine Division of Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada Department of Family Medicine University of TorontoToronto M5S1A1Canada Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton 8S 4L8Canada

The diagnosis of ovarian torsion(OT)in girls is challenging compared to that of testicular torsion in boys for many reasons,but it behooves the medical community to continue to strive to better identify this uncommon but clinically important pathology^([1]) OT occurs when the ovary and associated structures rotate around its vascular pedicle,leading to eventually irreversible necrosis.^([2,3])Studies attempting to identify clinical features for early diagnosis have not reached a consensus on the best clinical predictors of this condition,making radiographic imaging of the ovaries even more crucial.^([4,5])

关键词： diagnosis pediatric torsion

Estimating underground mine ventilation friction factors from low density 3D data acquired by a moving LiDAR

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第4期28卷 650-655页

作者： Curtis Watson Joshua marshall Mining Systems Laboratory The Robert M.Buchan Department of Mining Queen's University

Ventilation system analysis for underground mines has remained mostly unchanged since the Atkinson method was made popular by Mc Elroy in 1935. Data available to ventilation technicians and engineers is typically limited to the quantity of air moving through any given heading. Because computer-aided modelling, simulation, and ventilation system design tools have improved, it is now important to ensure that developed models have the most accurate information possible. This paper presents a new technique for estimating underground drift friction factors that works by processing 3 D point cloud data obtained by using a mobile Li DAR. Presented are field results that compare the proposed approach with previously published algorithms, as well as with manually acquired measurements.

关键词：通风系统激光雷达 3D 磨擦估计低密度电脑辅助设计工具