检索结果-南通市图书馆

Improving antibiotic prescribing in the emergency department for uncomplicated community-acquired pneumonia

World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 199-205页

作者： Rebekah Shaw Erica Popovsky Alyssa Abo marni jacobs Nicole Herrera James Chamberlain AndreaHahn Division of Pediatrics Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Department of Pediatrics George Washington University School of Medicine and Health SciencesWashingtonDCUSA Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA Division of Infectious Diseases Children’s National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA

BACKGROUND:The Pediatric Infectious Disease Society(PIDS)and Infectious Disease Society of America(IDSA)published an evidence-based guideline for the treatment of uncomplicated communityacquired pneumonia(CAP)in children,recommending aminopenicillins as the first-line *** guideline compliance with 10%–50%of patients admitted to the hospital receiving narrow-spectrum antibiotics has been reported.A new clinical practice guideline(CPG)was implemented in our emergency department(ED)for uncomplicated *** aim of this study was to examine baseline knowledge and ED provider prescribing patterns pre-and post-CPG ***:Prior to CPG-implementation,an anonymous case-based survey was distributed to evaluate knowledge of the current PIDS/IDSA guideline.A retrospective chart review of patients treated in the ED for CAP from January 2015 to February 2017 was performed to assess prescribing patterns for intravenous(IV)antibiotics in the ED at Children’s National Health System pre-and post-CPG ***:ED providers were aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline recommendations,with 86.4%of survey responders selecting ampicillin as the initial antibiotic of ***,only 41.2%of patients admitted to the hospital with uncomplicated CAP pre-CPG received ampicillin(P<0.01).There was no statistically signifi cant increase in ampicillin prescribing post-CPG(P=0.40).CONCLUSIONS:Providers in the ED are aware of the PIDS/IDSA guideline regarding the first-line therapy for uncomplicated CAP;however,this knowledge does not translate into clinical *** of a CPG in isolation did not significantly change prescribing patterns for uncomplicated CAP.

关键词： Antibiotics Community-acquired pneumonia Emergency department Pediatrics

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Completeness of citizen science biodiversity data from a volunteered geographic information perspective

引用

Geo-Spatial Information Science 2017年第1期20卷 3-13页

作者： Clemens jacobs Alexander Zipf GIScience Research Group Institute of GeographyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany

Observations of living organisms by citizen scientists that are reported to online portals are a valuable source of *** are also a special kind of volunteered geographic information(VGI).VGI data have issues of completeness,which arise from biases caused by the opportunistic nature of the data collection *** examined the completeness of bird species represented in citizen science observation data from eBird and iNaturalist in US National Parks(NPs).We used approaches for completeness estimation which were developed for data from OpenStreetMap,a crowdsourced map of the ***,we used an extrinsic approach,comparing species lists from citizen science data with National Park Service ***,we examined two intrinsic approaches using total observation numbers in NPs and the development of the number of new species being added to the data-set over *** from the extrinsic approach provided appropriate completeness estimations to evaluate the intrinsic *** found that total observation numbers are a good estimator of species completeness of citizen science data from US *** is also a close relationship between species completeness and the ratio of new species added to observation data *** numbers in a given year.

关键词： Citizen science Volunteered Geographic Information(VGI) data quality completeness

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Between fighting and tolerance： reproductive biology of wingless males in the ant Cardiocondyla venustula

引用

Insect Science 2017年第5期24卷 818-828页

作者： Susanne jacobs Jurgen Heinze LS ZoologielEvolutionsbiologie Universitat Regensburg Regensburg Germany

Male reproductive tactics vary widely across the species of the ant genus Cardiocondyla, from obligatory lethal combat among co-occurring males to complete mutual tolerance. The African species C. venustula Wheeler, 1908 has an intermediate phylogenetic position between taxa with fighting males and taxa with tolerant males and also shows an intermediate male behavior. Males from 2 native populations in South Africa and a population introduced to Puerto Rico attacked and killed freshly eclosing rivals but rarely engaged in deadly fights with adult competitors, Instead, several males per colony established small ＂territories＂ in their natal nests and defended them against other males. Males with a stable territory had more contact with female sexuals than nonterritorial males and more frequently engaged in mating attempts. In controlled choice experiments, female sexuals did not show any preference for particular males. We suggest that male territoriality in C. venustula is an adaptation to the seasonal production of large numbers of female sexuals by multiple mothers.

关键词： Cardiocondyla ergatoid males Formicidae male competition sexual selection territoriality

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Numerical prediction of the frictional losses in sliding bearings during start-stop operation

引用

Friction 2021年第3期9卷 583-597页

作者： Florian KÖNIG Christopher SOUS Georg jacobs Institute for Machine Elements and Systems Engineering Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen UniversitySchinkelstraße 10Aachen 52062Germany

With the increased use of automotive engine start-stop systems,the numerical prediction and reduction of frictional losses in sliding bearings during starting and stopping procedures has become an important *** engineering practice,numerical simulations of sliding bearings in automotive engines are performed with statistical asperity contact models with empirical values for the necessary surface *** aim of this study is to elucidate the applicability of these approaches for the prediction of friction in sliding bearings subjected to start-stop *** this purpose,the friction performance of sliding bearings was investigated in experiments on a test rig and in transient mixed elasto-hydrodynamic simulations in a multi-body simulation environment(mixed-EHL/MBS).In mixed-EHL/MBS,the extended Reynold’s equation with flow factors according to Patir and Cheng has been combined on the one hand with the statistical asperity contact model according to Greenwood and Tripp and on the other hand with the deterministic asperity contact model according to *** detailed comparison of simulation and experimental results clarifies that the application of statistical asperity contact models with empirical values of the necessary inputs leads to large deviations between experiment and *** actual distribution and position of surface roughness,as used in deterministic contact modelling,is necessary for a reliable prediction of the frictional losses in sliding bearings during start-stop operation.

关键词： sliding bearing friction wearing-in contact model,mixed elasto-hydrodynamic simulation

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Role of CD20^+ T cells in multiple sclerosis:implications for treatment with ocrelizumab

引用

Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第4期15卷 663-664页

作者： Stefan Gingele Thomas Skripuletz Roland jacobs Department of Neurology Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany Department of Clinical Immunology&Rheumatology Hannover Medical SchoolHannoverGermany

Features of CD20^+T cells:CD20 is a membrane-spanning hosphoprotein strongly expressed on the cell surface of B lineage cells and is widely regarded as a B cell specific ***,CD20(Figure 1)is also expressed at a low level on a small subset of CD3^+T cells which therefore are sometimes referred to as CD20dimCD3^+T cells in contrast to CD20brightCD19^+B cells which represent the majority of cells expressing CD20(Hultin et al.,1993).The amount of the CD20 antigen has been assessed to be 25 to 50 times higher on CD20^+CD19^+B cells compared to CD20^+CD3^+T cells(Hultin et al.,1993).At first description of this cell population the frequency of these CD20^+T cells has been described to represent an average of 2.4%of all peripheral blood lymphocytes(50 healthy controls)(Hultin et al.,1993).

关键词： al. CD20 assessed

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Void fill and support techniques to stabilize drift excavated through a transition zone mined by a TBM at the Stillwater mine

引用

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2017年第1期27卷 71-76页

作者： Johnson Josh jacobs Curt Ferster Mark Tadolini Stephen Stillwater Mining Company NyeMT 59061USA Minova GeorgetownKYUSA

Stillwater Mining Company is the only U.S. producer of platinum group metals （PGMs） and the largest producer outside of South Afiica and Russia. The company controls a considerable portion of the J-M reef and is currently developing the ＂Blitz Project,＂ which will provide a main haulage level, ore pass systems, backfill plants, and fiow-through ventilation to increase production and ensure sustainable extraction of this critical strategic mineral. While driving two sub-parallel footwall laterals 8125 m in length, one of the development drifts experienced a massive fall in a geologically disturbed area created by a mafic dike intrusion. Combinations of a void fill material （Tekseal）, polyurethane injection, fore poling coupled with steel arches, and supplemental bolting allow safe and efficient advance through this geologically dis- turbed zone. This paper presents the details of this project.

关键词： TBM Ground Dike Cutterhead

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Influence of lanthanum level and interactions with nitrogen source on early development of Juglans nigra

引用

Journal of Rare Earths 2009年第2期27卷 270-279页

作者： Nicodemus Michael A Salifu K Francis jacobs Douglass F Department of Forestty and Natural Resources Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907 USA

Rare earth elements have been used for 30 years in Chinese agriculture to improve growth and yield. Numerous scientific studies have shown improvements in physiology, mineral nutrition, and growth, though deleterious effects may also occur. Very few studies have been performed on woody species. We exponentially fertilized one-year old black walnut （Juglans nigra L.） seedlings with 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 mg lanthanum （La） and 800 mg nitrogen （N） as NaNO3, （NH4）2SO4, NH4NO3, or no N. One month following final fertilization, growth, mineral nutrition, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, and nitrate reductase activity were assessed. Plants fertilized with the highest level of La had reduced fine root growth, concentrations of magnesium, calcium, nickel, and phosphorus, photosynthesis levels, and chlorophyll a content. Foliar La concentration showed an interaction effect, with three to four times greater concentration in plants fed at 100 mg La to those given 10 mg La for （NH4）2SO4 and NHaNO3 treatments. The results suggested no beneficial effects of La addition at levels used in this study and interactions between N source and La levels did not have an important impact on the growth, mineral nutrition, or physiology of black walnut seedlings.

关键词： lanthanum nitrate reductase chlorophyll photosynthesis Jugians nigra rare earths

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

The politics of the basic benefit package health reforms in Tajikistan

引用

Global Health Research and Policy 2019年第1期4卷 257-268页

作者： Eelco jacobs University of Basel BaselSwitzerland KIT Royal Tropical Institute AmsterdamThe Netherlands

Background:Health reform is a fundamentally political ***,evidence on the interplay between domestic politics,international aid and the technical dimensions of health systems,particularly in the former Soviet Union and Central Asia,remains *** regard has been given to the political dimensions of Tajikistan’s Basic Benefit Package(BBP)reforms that regulate entitlements to a guaranteed set of healthcare services while introducing *** objective of this paper is therefore to explore the governance constraints to the introduction and implementation of the BBP and associated health management ***:This qualitative study draws on literature review and key informant *** analysis was guided by a political economy framework exploring the interplay between structural and institutional features on the one hand and agency dynamics on the *** on that the article presents the main themes that emerged on structure-agency dynamics,forming the key governance constraints to the BBP reform and ***:Policy incoherence,parallel and competing central government mandates,and regulatory fragmentation,have emerged as dominant drivers of most other constraints to effective design and implementation of the BBP and associated health reforms in Tajikistan:overcharging and informal payments,a weak link between budgeting and policymaking,a practice of non-transparent budget bargaining instead of a rationalisation of health expenditure,little donor harmonisation,and weak accountability to ***:This study suggests that policy incoherence and regulatory fragmentation can be linked to the neopatrimonial character of the regime and donor behaviour,with detrimental consequences for the health system..These findings raise questions on the unintended effects of non-harmonised piloting of health reforms,and the interaction of health financing and management interventions with entrenched power ***

关键词： Health governance Health financing Health policy Health reform Tajikistan Political economy

来源：

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Dryland agriculture and rangeland restoration priorities in Afghanistan

引用

Journal of Arid Land 2015年第3期7卷 391-402页

作者： Michael J jacobs Catherine A SCHLOEDER Philip D TANIMOTO Texas Agri Life Research Department of Ecosystem Science & Management2138TAMUCollege StationTX 77843-2138USA Oikos Services LLCFortineMT 59918USA Conservation Imaging Inc.AuburndaleMassachusetts 02466USA

Afghanistan is threatened by rangeland degradation.A quantitative visual analysis of Google Earth Imagery was used to systematically locate,characterize and quantify the current extent of rangelands in Afghanistan degraded as a consequence of dryland *** data were used in conjunction with dryland agriculture locations to establish a climate envelope comprised by temperature and mean annual precipitation to create a geographical mask known to contain dryland *** this mask we created a grid of 100 km2 cells that we analyzed individually to access dryland agriculture *** limits to sustainable dryland agriculture and areas of high restoration priority were also assessed as was the distribution of rain-fed agriculture with respect to the location of traditional migration routes for extensive livestock *** extents of agriculture in Afghanistan,at both upper and lower elevations,correlated most closely with mean annual temperature（MAT） at the upper elevation limits,and with mean annual precipitation（MAP） at the lower elevation *** total,dryland agriculture comprised 38,980 km2 of former native *** was highest in the northwestern,northern and northeastern provinces of Herat,Badghis,Faryab,Jawzjan,Sar-e-Pul,Samangan,Balkh,Baghlan,Kunduz,Takhar and Badakhshan,with the highest percentage of conversion occurring in *** MAP value of 〈400 mm is perceived by farmers as the current climatic limit to sustainable dryland agriculture across the northern regions of the *** this MAP value,approximately 27,677 km2 of converted rangeland met the need for restoration *** projections indicate that Afghanistan will become warmer and drier in the coming *** consequence of this trend is that the MAP threshold of 〈400 mm to sustainable dryland agriculture will become obsolete in the coming *** of currently converted rangelands is needed to restore critical grazing area

关键词： degradation climatic trends extensive livestock production dryland agriculture rangeland restoration

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Influence of mulching and tree shelters on 4-year survival and growth of zeen oak (Quercus canariensis) seedlings

引用

Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第1期30卷 129-141页

作者： Taher Mechergui Marta Pardos Douglass F.jacobs Facultédes Sciences de Bizerte Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales (Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka) Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) Centro de Investigacion Forestal Department of Forestry and Natural Resources Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center Purdue University

We assessed the effect of mulching and tree shelters on the establishment and early growth of zeen oak(Quercus canariensis Willd.) during the first 4 years after planting in Northwestern Tunisia. Five mulch types(Italian Stone Pine(Pinus pinea L.), Lentisk(Pistacia lentiscus L.),and a combination of Italian Stone Pine and Lentisk(organic mulches), gravel(inorganic mulch) and control), and three tree shelter types(non-vented and vented tree shelters, and control) were tested. An increase in the number of internodes occurred under the gravel mulch, while a reduction in survival was found for the lentisk mulch. Tree shelters had no effect on survival, but increased mean height growth and reduced mean diameter growth during the 4 years(excepting a non-significant effect for vented tree shelter at year four). Comparison of the annual shoots and growth units(GU) between sheltered and unsheltered plants according to year of formation revealed two growth phases. In first phase, shoots were totally or partially inside the shelters; mean length of annual shoots and GU were greater for sheltered plants. The second phase was characterized by shoots emerging from shelters; mean length of annual shoots and GU were similar for all plants, with or without tree shelters. Results suggest that the use of tree shelters, particularly vented shelters, could contribute to the improvement of the artificial regeneration of zeen *** use of mulching alone or in combination with tree shelters did not improve zeen oak performance in the field.

关键词： Zeen oak Mulching Tree shelters Plantation Survival rate Growth

来源：

维普期刊数据库

同方期刊数据库评论

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

欢迎您,

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：

通借通还

欢迎您,

建议与咨询 留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

时间限定

文献类型

馆藏选择

核心期刊

语言

文献类型

帮助

文字说明：

检索规则说明：

检索范例：

分类表

所选分类

限定检索结果

文献类型

馆藏范围

日期分布

学科分类号

主题

机构

作者

语言

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

在线全文

请选择保存的检索档案： 新增检索档案 确定 取消

请选择收藏分类： 新增自定义分类 确定 取消

通借通还

建议与咨询留下您的常用邮箱和电话号码，以便我们向您反馈解决方案和替代方法

请选择保存的检索档案：

请选择收藏分类：