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Feasibility study of minimally trained medical students using the Rural Obstetrical Ultrasound Triage Exam(ROUTE)in rural Panama

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第3期9卷 216-222页

作者： Annasha Vyas Katherine Moran Joshua Livingston Savannah Gonzales marlene Torres Ali Duffens Carina Mireles Romo Gnevieve Mazza Briana Livingston Shadi Lahham John Christian Fox School of Medicine University of California IrvineIrvineCA 92697USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of California IrvineOrangeCA 92868USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of California IrvineOrangeCA 92868USA

BACKGROUND:Maternal and infant mortality rates reported in rural Panama are greater than those in urban *** del Toro is a region of Panama inhabited by indigenous people at greater risk for pregnancy-related complications and deaths due to geographic isolation and limited access to health *** ultrasound training programs have recently been implemented in low-resource settings to increase access to diagnostic *** goal of this study is to determine the feasibility of teaching firstyear medical students the Rural Obstetrical Ultrasound Triage Exam(ROUTE)to help identify pathology in pregnant women of the Bocas del Toro region of ***:Eight first-year medical students completed ROUTE training *** training,the students were compared to professional sonographers to evaluate their accuracy in performing the *** then performed the ROUTE in mobile clinics within Bocas del *** enrolled women pregnant in their 2nd or 3rd trimesters and measured biparietal diameter,head circumference,amniotic fluid index,fetal lie and placental *** abnormal measurement would be further analyzed by the lead physician for a potential hospital ***:A total of 60 women were enrolled in the *** women were detected as having a possible high-risk pregnancy and thus referred to a hospital for further ***:Based on our data,first-year medical students with additional training can use the ROUTE to identify complications in pregnancy using ultrasound in rural *** studies are required to determine the optimal amount of training required for proficiency.

关键词： Point of care ultrasound Ultrasound education Rural Panama Obstetrics ultrasound

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Assessment of clinical dehydration using point of care ultrasound for pediatric patients in rural Panama

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2019年第1期10卷 46-50页

作者： Genevieve Mazza Carina Mireles Romo marlene Torres Ali Duffens Annasha Vyas Katherine Moran Joshua Livingston Savannah Gonzales Shadi Lahham Inna Shniter Maxwell Thompson John Christian Fox School of Medicine University of California Irvine Department of Emergency Medicine University of California Irvine

BACKGROUND: Dehydration and its associated symptoms are among the most common chief complaints of children in rural Panama. Previous studies have shown that intravascular volume correlates to the ratio of the diameters of the inferior vena cava(IVC) to the aorta(Ao). Our study aims to determine if medical students can detect pediatric dehydration using ultrasound on patients in rural Panama. METHODS: This was a prospective, observational study conducted in the Bocas del Toro region of rural Panama. Children between the ages of 1 to 15 years presenting with diarrhea, vomiting, or parasitic infection were enrolled in the study. Ultrasound measurements of the diameters of the IVC and abdominal aorta were taken to assess for dehydration. RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four patients were clinically diagnosed with dehydration and 35 were classified to have normal hydration status. Of the 24 patients with dehydration, half(n=12) of these patients had an IVC/Ao ratio below the American threshold of 0.8. Of the remaining asymptomatic subjects, about half(n=18) of these subjects also had an IVC/Ao ratio below the American threshold of ***: Our study did not support previous literature showing that the IVC/Ao ratio is lower in children with dehydration. It is possible that the American standard for evaluating clinical dehydration is not compatible with the rural pediatric populations of Panama.

关键词： Ultrasound Parasitic infection Panama Rural medicine Dehydration Medical education

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Occurrence of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Louisiana Oysters (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>) and Environmental Waters

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1065-1070页

作者： Naim Montazeri Da Liu marlene E. Janes 102 Food Microbiology Laboratory Agricultural Chemistry Building School of Nutrition and Food Sciences College of Agriculture Louisiana State University/AgCenter Baton Rouge Louisiana USA

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) was generally considered as a hospital-associated disease;however, recent community-acquired CDI has raised the concerns regarding the transmission of the pathogen through environmental sources. Limited data are available regarding the presence of C. difficile in food and water. In this study, oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and the harvest water collected from the commercial harvesting areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast as well as the influent and effluent of a municipal treatment plant in New Orleans, LA were analyzed for toxigenic C. difficile. The bacterium was isolated from 47.37% (9/19) of oysters and 37.5% (3/8) of harvest water samples. Toxigenic C. difficile were also detected in all the wastewater influent and effluent samples. All the isolates harbored the gene tcdB encoding the virulence factor toxin B. Further PCR-ribotyping showed that the C. difficile isolated from the oysters and harvest water differed from the wastewater isolates. However, similar ribotypes were found in oysters and the surrounding harvest water. We found that oysters growing in contaminated water could bioaccumulate toxigenic C. difficile and pose a health risks by serving as a vehicle for the transmission of the pathogen to humans.

关键词： Clostridium difficile tcdB Gene Oyster Wastewater Treatment Plant Influent Effluent

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Synthesis and Thermal Behavior of Metallic Cobalt Micro and Nanostructures

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Nano-Micro Letters 2011年第1期3卷 12-19页

作者： marlene González Montiel P.Santiago-Jacinto J.A.I.Díaz Góngora E.Reguera Geonel Rodríguez-Gattorno Centro de Investigación en Ciencia Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada Instituto de Física Circuito de la Investigación Científica Ciudad Universitaria Departamento de Física Aplicada CINVESTAV-IPN

In this contribution, a comparative study of metallic cobalt micro and nanoparticles obtained in solution by four different chemical routes is reported. Classic routes such as borohydride reduction in aqueous media and the so-called polyol methodology were used to obtain the cobalt nanostructures to be studied. Using CTAB as surfactant, cobalt hollow nanostructures were obtained. The use of strong reducing agents, like sodium borohydride, favors the formation of quasi-monodispersed nanoparticles of about 2 nm size but accompanied with impurities; for hydrazine(a mild reducer), nanoparticles of larger size are obtained which organize in spherical microagglomerates. Valuable information on the particles thermal stability and on nature of the species anchored at their surface was obtained from thermogravimetric curves. The samples to be studied were characterized from UV-vis, IR, X-ray diffraction, and electron microscopy images(scanning and transmission).

关键词： Metallic Cobalt Cobalt nanoparticles Magnetic nanoparticles Hollow magnetic microparticles

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Lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic response in China,Italy,and the U.S.:a guide for Africa and low-and middle-income countries

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Global Health Journal 2021年第1期5卷 56-61页

作者： Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa Miracle Ayomikun Adesina marlene Davis Ekpo Seyi John Akinloye Temiloluwa Ololade Iyanda Pamela Nwachukwu Lalit Dzifa Kodzo Faculty of Public Health College of MedicineUniversity of IbadanIbadanOyo State 200212Nigeria Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy IbadanOyo State 200212Nigeria Department of Public Health School of Public HealthSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510515China Department of Oral Pathology Dental ClinicUniversity College HospitalIbadanOyo State 200212Nigeria

Africa can be"left behind"after other advanced continents recover from the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic as reflected by the global pandemic of HIV/*** this paper,we summarize potentially adaptable,effective and innovative strategies from China,Italy,and the *** purpose is to help African countries with weaker healthcare systems better respond to the COVID-19 ***,being the first to report COVID-19 infection swiftly swung into anti-epidemic actions by the use of innovative risk communication and epidemic containment *** and U.S.,the next rapidly hit countries after China,however,experienced sustained infections and deaths due to delayed and ineffective *** African countries responded poorly to the COVID-19 pandemic as evidenced by the limited capacity for public health surveillance,poor leadership,low education and socioeconomic status,among *** from China,Italy and *** that a better response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Mrica needs a strong public health leadership,proactive strategies,innovative risk communication about the pandemic,massive tests and isolation,and scaling-up community ***,African countries must collaborate with other countries to facilitate real-time information and experience exchange with other countries to avoid being left behind.

关键词： Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19) Africa Low-and middle-income countries(LMICs) Pandemic response China U.S.

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The Unmet Needs of African American Women with Breast Cancer

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Advances in Breast Cancer Research 2012年第1期1卷 1-6页

作者： marlene M. von Friederichs-Fitzwater Reverend Tammie Denyse 不详

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women and treatment includes various combinations of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or hormone therapy. The multimodal treatment of breast cancer improves survival outcomes, but it also contributes to a prolonged period of medical intervention with associated physical and emotional consequences. However, we know less about the specific clinical experiences of African American (AA) women during treatment for breast cancer and in survivorship. The studies that have addressed the issue of breast cancer in AA women have focused primarily on early detection and epidemiological variables such a screening, mortality and staging at diagnosis. In our study, in-depth semi-structured phone interviews were conducted to explore the clinical experiences, concerns and needs of AA women who had survived breast cancer. The AA women reported that their physicians did not provide adequate disease and treatment information;did not discuss clinical trials with them;and did not offer access to support services.

关键词： breast cancer African American women quality of care quality of life survivorship

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Quantitation of Pesticide Residue in Water and Food in Louisiana, USA

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2016年第12期8卷 1145-1157页

作者： Olubode Adeniyi Amy Hernandez Mark LeBlanc Joan King marlene Janes School of Nutrition and Food Science AgCenter Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Agricultural Chemistry Department AgCenter Louisiana State University Baton Rouge USA Agricultural Chemistry Division Louisiana State Department of Agriculture and Forestry Baton Rouge USA

Pesticides can remain in the environment for decades and contaminate surface water that is used for irrigation of produce. This study examined pesticide residues in some surface waters and foods in Louisiana. Samples of 8 foods (tomato, corn, rice, blueberry, cucumber, cabbage, wheat and melon) and 35 surface waters were studied using a QuEChERS extraction method for food samples and liquid-liquid extraction method for the water samples. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze water and food samples. Nine pesticides were detected in the surface water samples and 5 in the food samples. Pesticides detected in foods were below FDA tolerance limit but 0.18 ppm cypermethrin found in tomato was within 90% of the FDA limit (0.2 ppm). Four water samples had atrazine levels that were above the FDA limit for potable water. This study suggests the need to intermittently monitor pesticide contamination in our food and water.

关键词： Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry QuEChERS Cypermethrin Atrazine Pesticide FDA

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Correlation between the surface characteristics of carbon supports and their electrochemical stability and performance in fuel cell cathodes

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Carbon Energy 2021年第4期3卷 654-665页

作者： Ignacio Jiménez-Morales Alvaro Reyes-Carmona Marc Dupont Sara Cavaliere marlene Rodlert Flavio Mornaghini Mikkel J.Larsen Madeleine Odgaard Jerzy Zajac Deborah J.Jones Jacques Rozière ICGM Universitéde Montpellier CNRSENSCMMontpellierFrance Institut Universitaire de France(IUF) ParisFrance Imerys Graphite and Carbon BodioSwitzerland IRD Fuel Cells A/S Odense SØDenmark

In this paper,an extensive characterisation of a range of carbon blacks(CB)with similar surface area but different surface chemistry is carried out by flow calorimetry,Raman spectroscopy,dynamic water vapour sorption,instrumental gas analysis,nitrogen adsorption/desorption and high potential *** these carbon materials as supports,Pt/CB electrocatalysts are prepared by microwave-assisted polyol-mediated synthesis in gram ***,morphological and electrochemical properties of the prepared electrocatalysts are evaluated by X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,rotating disc electrode and in situ fuel cell characterisation of the corresponding membrane-electrode *** obtained results allow to establish a relationship between surface chemistry and electrochemical properties useful for the design of Pt/C catalyst layers with high performance and stability.

关键词： carbon black electrocatalyst support fuel cell cathodes surface properties

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Harvesting of Mouse Embryos at 0.5 Dpc as a Tool to Reduce Animal Use: Data from C57BL/6J, B6*129 and FVB/NJ Strains

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2020年第2期10卷 254-265页

作者： Sofia Lamas Filipa Franquinho marlene Morgado Fátima Gartner Irina Amorim Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S) University of Porto Porto Portugal Animal Facility i3S/IBMC Porto Portugal Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology (IBMC) Porto Portugal Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP) Porto Portugal Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) University of Porto Porto Portugal

Superovulation is used to stimulate the production and release of large amounts of oocytes in mice by using two hormones that mimic FSH (PMSG) and LH (hCG) effects. Since superovulation can have a negative impact on oocyte and embryo development, this investigation aimed to compare two alternatives for 2-cells embryo collection in order to reduce the number of females and to benefit from the superovulation process. Data from mouse embryo collection from our facility was analyzed to compare the number of 2-cells embryos collected at 1.5 dpc and the number of 2-cells embryos obtained after overnight incubation of 1-cell embryos, collected at 0.5 dpc. Genetically modified mouse strains with a similar background (C57BL/6J, B6*129 and FVB/NJ) were analyzed and for strains at a C57BL/6J and B6*129 background, the number of 2-cells embryos obtained after incubation was significantly higher when compared to the number of 2-cells embryos collected at 1.5 dpc (1.4-fold and 1.7-fold, respectively). C57BL/6J wild type mice had similar results with a higher number of 2-cells embryos when collection was performed at 0.5 dpc followed by incubation (1.4-fold). These results can help the planning of 2-cells embryo harvesting by reducing the number of females needed for this procedure.

关键词： 0.5 Dpc Embryos 1.5 Dpc Embryos Incubation Superovulation

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从浅层建构走向深层建构——知识建构理论的发展及其在中国的应用分析

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电化教育研究 2012年第9期33卷 5-12页

作者：张义兵陈伯栋 marlene Scardamalia Carl Bereier 南京师范大学教育科学学院江苏南京210097 多伦多大学安大略教育研究院

"知识建构"(Knowledge Building)理论是多伦多大学安大略教育研究院marlene Scardamalia和Carl Bereiter两位教授于上世纪90年代提出的建构主义理论。在历经20多年的发展之后,其理论、教学法和技术手段已自成体系。知识建构理论认为:一... 详细信息

"知识建构"(Knowledge Building)理论是多伦多大学安大略教育研究院marlene Scardamalia和Carl Bereiter两位教授于上世纪90年代提出的建构主义理论。在历经20多年的发展之后,其理论、教学法和技术手段已自成体系。知识建构理论认为:一般的建构主义教学以完成一系列任务和活动为导向,学生对为什么进行这些活动缺乏理解和掌控,属于"浅层"建构主义;而知识建构理论推崇的是"深层"建构,它以发展学习社区内的公共知识为目标,学生是积极的认知者,须共同承担认知责任。知识建构的基本观点被概括为12条基本原则,用作设计教学法和开发技术工具的基础。知识建构理论与实践已波及包括加拿大、美国、西班牙、新加坡和香港等18个国家和地区,涉及中小学科学、数学、社会、历史等多个学科教学,被应用到基础教育、高等教育、职业教育等多个领域。虽然知识建构理论前些年已由少数学者介绍到中国,但至今仍没有实质性的教学应用。究其原因,分科课程设置、大班教学和应试体制等现实条件是制约该理论在中国应用的主要因素。文章在介绍知识建构理论发展历史、基本原则和支撑技术的基础上,结合中国教育现状,探讨引进与应用该理论的策略,希望能对推进中国当前的课程改革、探讨新的教学思想与方法提供参考。

关键词：知识建构知识创新知识论坛教育改革

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