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effect of acetyl-L-carnitine on hypersensitivity in acute recurrent caerulein-induced pancreatitis and microglial activation along the brain’s pain circuitry

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第9期27卷 794-814页

作者： Sabrina L McIlwrath marlene e starr Abigail e High Hiroshi Saito Karin N Westlund Research Service New Mexico Veterans Affairs Healthcare SystemAlbuquerqueNM 87108United States Department of Surgery University of KentuckyLexingtonKY 40536United States College of Liberal Arts University of TexasAustinTX 78712United States Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine University of New Mexico Health Sciences CenterAlbuquerqueNM 87131United States

BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)and recurring AP are serious health care problems causing excruciating pain and potentially lethal outcomes due to *** validated caerulein-(CAe)induced mouse model of acute/recurring AP produces secondary persistent hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behavioral changes for *** To determine efficacy of acetyl-L-carnitine(ALC)to reduce pain-related behaviors and brain microglial activation along the pain circuitry in *** Pancreatitis was induced with 6 hly intraperitoneal(i.p.)injections of CAe(50μg/kg),3 d a week for 6 wk in male C57BL/6J *** in week 4,mice received either vehicle or ALC until experiment’s *** hypersensitivity was assessed with von Frey *** hypersensitivity was determined with the hotplate ***-like behavior was tested in week 6 using elevated plus maze and open field *** activation in brain was quantified histologically by immunostaining for ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1(Iba1).ReSULTS Mice with CAe-induced pancreatitis had significantly reduced mechanical withdrawal thresholds and heat response latencies,indicating ongoing *** with ALC attenuated inflammation-induced hypersensitivity,but hypersensitivity due to abdominal wall injury caused by repeated intraperitoneal injections *** with pancreatitis displayed spontaneous anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze compared to *** with ALC resulted in increased numbers of rearing activity events,but time spent in“safety”was not *** all the abdominal injections,pancreata were translucent if excised at experiment’s end and opaque if excised on the subsequent day,indicative of spontaneous *** mortem histopathological analysis performed on pancreas sections stained with Sirius Red and Fast Green identified wide-spread fibrosis and acinar cell atrophy in sections from mice with CAe-induced pancreatitis that was no

关键词： Acute recurrent pancreatitis Neuropathic pain Mechanical hypersensitivity Heat hypersensitivity Anxiety-like behavior Ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1

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Sperm limitation affects sex allocation in a parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis

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Insect Science 2019年第5期26卷 853-862页

作者： marlene Chirault Christophe Bressac marlene Goubault Charlotte Lecureuil Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'lnsecte UMR 7261 CNRS - Universite de ToursFaculte des Sciences et TechniquesParc GrandmontToursFrance

Insect reproduction is influenced by various external factors including temperature, a well-studied constraint. We investigated to what extent different levels of sperm limitation of males exposed to different heat stresses (34 and 36℃) afFect fem ales' offspring production and sex allocation in Nasonia vitripennis. In this haplodiploid parasitoid wasp attacking different species of pest flies, we investigated the effect of the quantity of sperm females received and stored in their spermatheca on their sperm use decisions, hence sex allocation, over successive ovipositions. In particular, we compared the sex allocation of females presenting three levels of sperm limitation (i.e.,mated with control, 34 ℃ heat-stressed or 36℃heat-stressed males) on each host they parasitized. To disentangle the potential reduction of sperm quality after a heat stress exposure from that of sperm quantity, we also explored the clutch size and sex ratio produced by fem ales that were partially sperm limited after copulating with multiply mated males. Independently of their sperm numbers, all types of fem ales produced a similar total number of offspring, but the more limited ones had fewer daughters. Sperm limitation further affected the distribution of daughters' production across *** addition to constraints acting on female physiology, male fertility should therefore be considered in studies measuring reproductive outputs of insects submitted to heat stresses.

关键词： heat stress multiple mating offspring production dynamic sex ratio sperm stock sperm use

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Detection of antibiotic resistance toxigenic Clostridium difficile in processed retail lettuce

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Food Quality and Safety 2018年第1期2卷 37-41页

作者： Yi Han Joan King marlene e.Janes School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural CenterBaton RougeLouisianaUSA

Objectives:Clostridium difficile is the major cause of infectious diarrhoea in humans after antimicrobial *** difficile has been isolated from food animals and *** main purpose of this study was to characterize *** isolated from retail lettuce and determine the antibiotic resistance using five common clinical-selected antibiotics(metronidazole,vancomycin,clindamycin,erythromycin,and cefotaxime).Materials and Methods:Lettuce samples(grown in California,Arkansas,and Louisiana)were purchased from retail ***:Toxigenic *** was isolated from 13.8 per cent(41/297)of the lettuce *** the toxigenic isolates,only 82.9 per cent(34/41)produced toxin B,17.1 per cent(7/41)produced both toxin A and toxin B,and two of the Louisiana *** isolates were identified as ribotype *** the treatment of the five antibiotics,the virulence *** isolates were identified as having antibiotic resistance to metronidazole,vancomycin,and ***:The present study reports the highest prevalence of toxigenic *** in US retail *** antibiotic resistance to metronidazole,vancomycin,and erythromycin of the isolated *** from retail lettuces could lead to public health concerns.

关键词： Clostridium difficile lettuce toxigenic toxin A toxin B antibiotic.

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Do males choose their mates in the lekking moth Achroia grisella？ Influence of female body mass and male reproductive status on male mate choice

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 861-868页

作者： marlene Goubault Rebecca Burlaud Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de I'Insecte UMR 7261 CNRS-Universite Francois-Rabelais Tours France

Lekking males aggregate to attract females and contribute solely to egg fer- tilization, without any further parental care. evolutionary theory therefore predicts them to be nonchoosy toward their mates, because any lost mating opportunities would out- weigh the benefits associated with such preferences. Nevertheless, due to time costs, the production of energetically costly sexual displays, and potential sperm limitation, the mat- ing effort of lekking males is often considerable. These factors, combined with the fact that many females of varying quality are likely to visit leks, could favor the evolution of male mate preferences. Here, we show that males of the lekking lesser wax moth, Achroia grisella, were indeed more likely to mate with heavier females in choice experiments, even at their virgin mating （i.e., when their reproductive resources have not yet been depleted by previous matings）. This differential female mating success could not be attributed to female behavior as heavy and light females showed similar motivation to mate （i.e., la- tency to approach the males） and time to copulate. Males seem to benefit from mating with heavier females, as fecundity positively correlated with female mass. This new em- pirical evidence shows that male mate choice may have been tmderestimated in lekking species

关键词： fecundity lek lesser wax moth mate choice mating status sexual behavior

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NH_3 Plasma Surface Treatments of engineering Fluoropolymers: A Way to enhance Adhesion of Ni or Cu Thin Films Deposited by electroless Plating

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材料热处理学报 2004年第05B期25卷 1092-1097页

作者： Maurice Romand marlene Charbonnier Yves Goepfert Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingenierie des Surfaces and Laboratoire de Sciences et Ingenierie des Surfaces andUMR 5180 des Sciences Analytiques Universite Claude Bernard - Lyon 1 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France

This paper describes the electroless Ni or Cu plating of some fiuoropolymer substrates through a tin-free activation process. Materials subjected to surface metallization are commercial Teflon() FeP, Nafion(), ACLAR() and LaRCTM-CP1 thin films which have recently gained a large scientific and technological interest due to their excellent thermal, chemical, mechanical and dielectric properties. The original approach implemented in the present work involves: (i)the grafting of nitrogen-containing functionalities on the polymer surfaces through plasma treatments in ammonia, (ii) the direct catalysis of the so-modified surfaces via their immersion in a simple acidic PdCl2 solution (i.e. without using a prior surface sensitization in an acidic SnCl2 solution), and finally (iii) the electroless metallization itself. However, prior to the immersion in the industrial plating baths, the chemical reduction of the Pd+2 species (species covalently tethered on the nitrogen-containing groups) to metallic palladium (PdO) is shown to be a key factor in catalyzing the electroless deposition initiation. This is made by immersion in an hypophosphite (H2PO2-) solution. Wettability measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments are used to characterize every surface modification step of the developed process. A cross-hatch tape test was used to asses the adhesion strength of the electroless films that is shown qualitatively good. In addition, a fragmentation test was developed in combination with electrical measurements. Its use allows to distinguish different adhesion levels at the metal/polymer interface and to evidence the influence of some processing parameters.

关键词：镍化学镀层铜化学镀层等离子表面处理表面催化 XPS 剥离试验

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Relationships between native tree species and soil properties in the indigenous forest fragments of the eastern Arc Mountains of the Taita Hills, Kenya

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Forestry Studies in China 2011年第3期13卷 198-210页

作者： Loice Mildred Akinyi OMORO Raija LAIHO Michael starr Petri K.e.PeLLIKKA Viikki Tropical Resources Institute Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 27 (Latokartononkaari 7) Helsinki FIN-00014 Finland Department of Forest Sciences University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 27 (Latokartanonkaari 7) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland Department of Geography University of HelsinkiP.O.Box 64 (Gustaf H llstr min katu 2) Helsinki FI-00014 Finland

The relationship between soil properties and spatial distribution of native woody species was studied in three Taita Hills forest fragments which, although degraded, are ranked among 34 biodiversity hotspots of the world due to their high biodiversity of both plant and animal species. This relationship was assessed by using Spearman correlation and principal component analyses （PCA）. The results of these analyses should be useful in instituting forest restoration programs that are crucial for the forests. Both the soil and vegetation studied were sampled from 17 subplots in the natural forest fragments of Ngangao （120 ha）, Chawia （86 ha） and Mbololo （185 ha）. The soil variables measured were： pH, texture, soil nutrients of C, N, Ca, P, K, Mg and Na. In total 36 native tree species from 13 families were identified from the three forest fragments. Ordination results show that axis 1 accounted for 35% and axis 2 for 25% of the total variation in species composition, indicating that the structure of vegetation is related to two major environmental gradients. The correlation analyses of species and soil properties showed that Na and clay particles were the most important determinants of species distribution; pH and soil variables such as C, N, Ca and P also played minor roles. Unexpectedly, some species （e.g. Psychotria petitii） showed positive relationships with Na attributed to possible substitution for K. Relationships with P were both positive （e.g. Craibia zimmermannii） and negative （e.g. Albizia gummifera） with some species, attributable to pH levels. An ANOVA for soil variables showed that there were differences in the Ca content in Mbololo （due to the parent material） and P in Ngangao where a special relationship was observed between some of the species. The presence of gaps accounted for the distribution of seedlings but not for the saplings, whose distribution responded more to factors similar to those to which mature trees respond. Soil-species relationships

关键词： eastern Arc Mountains forests principal component analysis soil variables native woody species

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同步辐射近常压光电子能谱及其应用

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核技术 2012年第7期35卷 481-485页

作者：常睿邰仁忠 David e.starr Hendrik Bluhm 刘志中国科学院上海应用物理研究所上海201800 美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室先进光源美国加州伯克利市CA947201 美国布鲁克海文国家实验室功能纳米材料中心美国纽约NY119713 美国劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室化学科学部美国加州伯克利市CA94720

介绍了同步辐射近常压光电子能谱的基本概念、发展历程以及该技术的装置和原理。列举了几个近常压光电子能谱的应用领域。该技术填补了超高真空和真实条件下压强上的空白,在原位研究表面化学变化、催化反应,腐蚀以及电化学过程上有着很... 详细信息

介绍了同步辐射近常压光电子能谱的基本概念、发展历程以及该技术的装置和原理。列举了几个近常压光电子能谱的应用领域。该技术填补了超高真空和真实条件下压强上的空白,在原位研究表面化学变化、催化反应,腐蚀以及电化学过程上有着很大的优势。

关键词：近常压光电子能谱催化反应电化学

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Tritrichomonas foetus:New structures by high-resolution scanning helium ion microscopy

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BIOCeLL 2021年第2期45卷 259-266页

作者： marlene BeNCHIMOL ABIGAIL MIRANDA-MAGALHÃeS ANTONIO PeReIRA-NeVeS WANDeRLeY De SOUZA Universidade do Grande Rio Duque de Caxias25071-202Rio de Janeiro Departamento de Microbiologia Laboratório de Biologia Celular de PatógenosFiocruzInstituto Aggeu MagalhãesRecife52060-269Brazil Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas FilhoLaboratório de Ultraestrutura Celular Hertha Meyer Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia(INBEB)and Centro Nacional de Biologia Estrutural e Bioimagens(CENABIO)Rio de Janeiro21941-902Brazil

Helium ion scanning microscopy(HIM)is a novel high-resolution scanning microscopy technique that uses helium ions instead of electrons to form images of the highest quality and resolution,providing a sub-nanometer resolution sputter uncoated biological ***,we took advantage of HIM to explore the cell surface of Tritrichomonas foetus,a protist parasite of cattle that provokes hard infection and abortion in *** describe thin protrusions,like nanotubes described in other cells,with different sizes(27 nm to 81 nm in thickness)and various lengths(from 73 nm to 2μm),as well bulbous structures either budding from the cell surface or present in the extremities of some *** flagella also presented these thin protrusions and different protein decoration,similar to those previously described using freeze-fracture *** between two cells were also seen,and their role in infection is *** cell surface was also examined and showed several pits indicative of endocytic activity and other types of arrays of *** observations were confirmed using Scanning electron Microscopy(SeM),negative staining,and conventional thin sectioning for observation by transmission electron *** findings provide new and relevant information that may contribute to a better understanding of protozoan biology and its interaction with mammalian cells.

关键词： Nanotubes Microvesicles Surface specializations

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美国地质测量局数字化系统下一步的发展——MARKⅡ

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地图 1991年第1期 14-15页

作者： Lowell e.starr 费立凡

美国地质测量局国家制图处已开始了一个被称为“MARKⅡ”的宏大的新系统发展规划。其目标是实现先进的技术和生产过程,以满足到2000年要完成的国家制图计划这一项目的预定需求。计划到那时,国家数字化地图制图数据库将达到完全实用阶段... 详细信息

美国地质测量局国家制图处已开始了一个被称为“MARKⅡ”的宏大的新系统发展规划。其目标是实现先进的技术和生产过程,以满足到2000年要完成的国家制图计划这一项目的预定需求。计划到那时,国家数字化地图制图数据库将达到完全实用阶段,其内容主要基于数字化数据。这些数据将表示7.5分1:24000地图系列以及其它较小比例尺的地图系列,它们也将是本处制图活动的核心。为了完成这一雄心勃勃的目标,我们正在实施一系列的发展任务:(1)扩充和改进海量数字化功能;(2)修改数据结构,以支持增加了的内容和存取需要;(3)发展数字化修改功能;(4)发展产品的生成功能,以获得标准的、派生的数字化产品;(5)改进质量控制;(6)支持先进的分析和应用。MARKⅡ系统的发展已经开始。通过今后几年的执行,在90年代初将完全产生1:24000比例尺的数字化数据。

关键词：地图制图数字美国 MARKⅡ系统

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Occurrence of Toxigenic Clostridium difficile in Louisiana Oysters (<i>Crassostrea virginica</i>) and environmental Waters

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第11期6卷 1065-1070页

作者： Naim Montazeri Da Liu marlene e. Janes 102 Food Microbiology Laboratory Agricultural Chemistry Building School of Nutrition and Food Sciences College of Agriculture Louisiana State University/AgCenter Baton Rouge Louisiana USA

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) was generally considered as a hospital-associated disease;however, recent community-acquired CDI has raised the concerns regarding the transmission of the pathogen through environmental sources. Limited data are available regarding the presence of C. difficile in food and water. In this study, oysters (Crassostrea virginica) and the harvest water collected from the commercial harvesting areas along the Louisiana Gulf Coast as well as the influent and effluent of a municipal treatment plant in New Orleans, LA were analyzed for toxigenic C. difficile. The bacterium was isolated from 47.37% (9/19) of oysters and 37.5% (3/8) of harvest water samples. Toxigenic C. difficile were also detected in all the wastewater influent and effluent samples. All the isolates harbored the gene tcdB encoding the virulence factor toxin B. Further PCR-ribotyping showed that the C. difficile isolated from the oysters and harvest water differed from the wastewater isolates. However, similar ribotypes were found in oysters and the surrounding harvest water. We found that oysters growing in contaminated water could bioaccumulate toxigenic C. difficile and pose a health risks by serving as a vehicle for the transmission of the pathogen to humans.

关键词： Clostridium difficile tcdB Gene Oyster Wastewater Treatment Plant Influent effluent

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