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每人支付5欧元！这是威尼斯的入城费还是逐客令？

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环球人文地理 2024年第1期 46-55页

作者：蒋雨宁 Edmond Yuen 张鹏 Luca Bravo canmandawe Tao Qi Daniil markus Nikhg Nataliia Mark Alena scaliger

想去威尼斯旅行吗？进城请先支付5欧元！据路透社消息，意大利威尼斯市长路易吉·布鲁尼亚罗宣布，将在2024年4月25日开始，对进入威尼斯的游客收费。市长表示，这项措施将会让城市变得“可预约”，既能控制客流，又能保障游客的出行体...

想去威尼斯旅行吗？进城请先支付5欧元！据路透社消息，意大利威尼斯市长路易吉·布鲁尼亚罗宣布，将在2024年4月25日开始，对进入威尼斯的游客收费。市长表示，这项措施将会让城市变得“可预约”，既能控制客流，又能保障游客的出行体验。意大利时间2023年11月27日，威尼斯市长宣布，从2024年4月起，游客进入威尼斯将不再免费。

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Soil functional indicators in mixed beech forests are clearly species-specifi c

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第4期34卷 1033-1049页

作者： Yahya Kooch Neda Ghorbanzadeh Samaneh Hajimirzaaghaee markus Egli Faculty of Natural Resources&Marine Sciences Tarbiat Modares UniversityNoor 46417-76489MazandaranIran Faculty of Natural Resources University of GuilanSowmeh Sara 4432-3136GuilanIran Faculty of Natural Resources University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesSariIran Department of Geography University of ZürichZurichSwitzerland

Beech stands are considered part of the ancient forest ecosystems in the northern *** mixed stands in beach forest ecosystems,the type of associated tree species can signifi cantly aff ect soil functions,but their infl uence on microbial activity,nutrient cycling and belowground properties is ***,we considered forest patches in northern Iran that are dominated by diff erent tree species:Fagus orientalis Lipsky,Quercus castaneifolia ***.,Pterocarya fraxinifolia(Lam.),Tilia begonifolia Stev.,Zelkova carpinifolia Dippe,Acer cappadocicum Gled,Acer velutinum Boiss.,Fraxinus excelsior L.,Carpinus betulus L.,and Alnus subcordata *** each forest patch–tree species,litter and soil samples(25×25×10 cm,100 of each)were analyzed for determine soil and litter properties and their relationship with tree *** litter decomposition rate during a 1-year experiment was also determined.A PCA showed a clear diff erence between selected litter and soil characteristics among tree ***,***,***,***,***,***,and *** enhanced soil microbial biomass of carbon,whereas patches with ***,*** and *** had faster litter decomposition and enhanced biotic activities and C and N ***,soil function indicators were species-specifi c in the mixed beech ***(a N-fi xing species),*** and *** were main drivers of microbial activities related to nutrient cycling in the old-growth beech forest.

关键词： Old-growth forest Deciduous tree species Soil fertility Microbial activities Carbon and nitrogen cycle

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Validating neural networks for spectroscopic classification on a universal synthetic dataset

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1325-1336页

作者： Jan Schuetzke Nathan J.Szymanski markus Reischl Institute for Automation and Applied Informatics Karlsruhe Institute of TechnologyKarlsruhe 76131Germany Department of Materials Science&Engineering Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Department of Materials Science&Engineering UC BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA

To aid the development of machine learning models for automated spectroscopic data classification,we created a universal synthetic dataset for the validation of their *** dataset mimics the characteristic appearance of experimental measurements from techniques such as X-ray diffraction,nuclear magnetic resonance,and Raman spectroscopy among *** applied eight neural network architectures to classify artificial spectra,evaluating their ability to handle common experimental *** all models achieved over 98%accuracy on the synthetic dataset,misclassifications occurred when spectra had overlapping peaks or *** found that non-linear activation functions,specifically ReLU in the fully-connected layers,were crucial for distinguishing between these classes,while adding more sophisticated components,such as residual blocks or normalization layers,provided no performance *** on these findings,we summarize key design principles for neural networks in spectroscopic data classification and publicly share all scripts used in this study.

关键词： spectroscopic adding classify

First genome-wide association study of 99 body measures derived from 3-dimensional body scans

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第3期9卷 777-788页

作者： Andreas Kuhnapfel Peter Ahnert Katrin Horn Holger Kirsten markus Loeffler markus Scholz Institute for Medical Informatics Statistics and Epidemiology(IMISE)Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityHartelstrafte 16-18Leipzig 04107Germany LIFE Research Center for Civilization Diseases Medical FacultyLeipzig UniversityPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strafie 27Leipzig 04103Germany Integrated Research and Treatment Center(IFB) Adiposity DiseasesUniversity Medical CenterLeipzig UniversityPhilipp-Rosenthal-Strafle 27Leipzig 04103Germany

Body height,body mass index,hip and waist circumference are important risk factors or outcome variables in clinical and epidemiological research with complex underlying ***,these classical anthropometric traits represent only a very limited view on the human body and other traits with potentially higher functional specificity are not yet studied to a larger *** of LIFE-Adult were assessed by three-dimensional body scanner VITUS XXL determining 99 high-quality anthropometric traits in *** was performed by Axiom Genome-Wide CEU 1 Array Plate microarray technology and imputation was done using 1000 Genomes phase 3 reference *** phenotype and genetic information are available for a total of 7,562 *** heritabilities were estimated for height traits(maximum heritability with h2=44%for neck height)and 61 traits achieved values larger than 20%.By genome-wide analyses,we identified 16 loci associated with at least one of the 99 *** of these loci were not described for association with classical anthropometric traits so *** strongest novel association was observed for 7p14.3(rs11979006,P=2.12×10^(-9))for the trait Back Width with ZNRF2 as the most plausible candidate *** established for association with classical anthropometric traits were subjected to anthropometric phenome-wide association *** the reported 709 loci,211 *** with body scanner traits(enrichment:OR=1.96,P=1.08×10^(-61)).We conclude that genetics of 3D laser-based anthropometry is promising to identify novel loci and to improve the functional understanding of established ones.

关键词： 3D-anthropometry Genetic correlation GWAS Heritability PheWAS

Influence of non-Hermitian mode topology on refractive index sensing with plasmonic waveguides

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Photonics Research 2022年第3期10卷 719-730页

作者： Alessandro Tuniz markus A.Schmidt Boris T.Kuhlmey Institute of Photonics and Optical Science(IPOS) School of PhysicsThe University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia The University of Sydney Nano Institute(Sydney Nano) The University of SydneyNSW 2006Australia Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology(IPHT Jena) 07745 JenaGermany Abbe Center of Photonics and Faculty of Physics Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena07743 JenaGermany

We evaluate the sensing properties of plasmonic waveguide sensors by calculating their resonant transmission spectra in different regions of the non-Hermitian eigenmode *** elucidate the pitfalls of using modal dispersion calculations in isolation to predict plasmonic sensor performance,which we address by using a simple model accounting for eigenmode excitation and *** transmission calculations show that resonant wavelength and spectral width crucially depend on the length of the sensing region,so that no single criterion obtained from modal dispersion calculations alone can be used as a proxy for ***,we find that the optimal detection limits occur where directional coupling is supported,where the narrowest spectra *** narrow spectral features can only be measured by filtering out all higher-order modes at the output,e.g.,via a single-mode *** calculations also confirm a characteristic square root dependence of the eigenmode splitting with respect to the permittivity perturbation at the exceptional point,which we show can be identified through the sensor beat length at *** work provides a convenient framework for designing and characterizing plasmonic waveguide sensors when comparing them with experimental measurements.

关键词： waveguide mode narrow

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Omicron:Master of immune evasion maintains robust ACE2 binding

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2022年第5期7卷 1360-1362页

作者： markus Hoffmann Lu Zhang Stefan Pohlmann Infection Biology Unit German Primate Center—Leibniz Institute for Primate ResearchGöttingenGermany Georg-August-University Göttingen GöttingenGermany

The spike(S)protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is highly mutated but the impact of these mutations on viral entry into cells and its inhibition by antibodies has been unclear.A recent study published in Science by Mannar et *** shows that these mutations are compatible with robust ACE2 binding and allow for efficient evasion of neutralizing *** emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants has become a hallmark of the COVID-19 *** of concern(VOC)harbor mutations in the viral S protein that can increase transmissibility,potentially by promoting S protein binding to the cellular receptor ACE2.

关键词： ACE2 maintain

The smallest in the deepest: the enigmatic role of viruses in the deep biosphere

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National Science Review 2023年第4期10卷 191-202页

作者： Lanlan Cai markus G.Weinbauer Le Xie Rui Zhang State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Department of Ocean Science The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Sorbonne Universités UPMC Université Paris 06 CNRS Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV) Institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen University

It is commonly recognized that viruses control the composition, metabolism, and evolutionary trajectories of prokaryotic communities, with resulting vital feedback on ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling in a wide range of ecosystems. Although the deep biosphere has been estimated to be the largest reservoir for viruses and their prokaryotic hosts, the biology and ecology of viruses therein remain poorly *** deep virosphere is an enigmatic field of study in which many critical questions are still to be *** the deep virosphere simply a repository for deeply preserved, non-functioning virus particles? Or are deep viruses infectious agents that can readily infect suitable hosts and subsequently shape microbial populations and nutrient cycling? Can the cellular content released by viral lysis, and even the organic structures of virions themselves, serve as the source of bioavailable nutrients for microbial activity in the deep biosphere as in other ecosystems? In this review, we synthesize our current knowledge of viruses in the deep biosphere and seek to identify topics with the potential for substantial discoveries in the future.

关键词： virus deep biosphere population size diversity activity ecological role

Identification of abnormal tribological regimes using a microphone and semi-supervised machine-learning algorithm

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Friction 2022年第4期10卷 583-596页

作者： Vigneashwara PANDIYAN Josef PROST Georg VORLAUFER markus VARGA Kilian WASMER Laboratory for Advanced Materials Processing(LAMP) Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology(Empa)Thun CH-3602Switzerland AC2T research GmbH Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/CWiener Neustadt 2700Austria

Functional surfaces in relative contact and motion are prone to wear and tear,resulting in loss of efficiency and performance of the workpieces/*** occurs in the form of adhesion,abrasion,scuffing,galling,and scoring between ***,the rate of the wear phenomenon depends primarily on the physical properties and the surrounding *** the integrity of surfaces by offline inspections leads to significant wasted machine time.A potential alternate option to offline inspection currently practiced in industries is the analysis of sensors signatures capable of capturing the wear state and correlating it with the wear phenomenon,followed by in situ classification using a state-of-the-art machine learning(ML)*** this technique is better than offline inspection,it possesses inherent disadvantages for training the ML ***,supervised training of ML models requires the datasets considered for the classification to be of equal weightage to avoid *** collection of such a dataset is very cumbersome and expensive in practice,as in real industrial applications,the malfunction period is minimal compared to normal ***,classification models would not classify new wear phenomena from the normal regime if they are *** a promising alternative,in this work,we propose a methodology able to differentiate the abnormal regimes,i.e.,wear phenomenon regimes,from the normal *** is carried out by familiarizing the ML algorithms only with the distribution of the acoustic emission(AE)signals captured using a microphone related to the normal *** a result,the ML algorithms would be able to detect whether some overlaps exist with the learnt distributions when a new,unseen signal *** achieve this goal,a generative convolutional neural network(CNN)architecture based on variational auto encoder(VAE)is built and *** the validation procedure of the proposed CNN architectures,we were

关键词： surface integrity acoustic emission auto encoders condition monitoring wear prediction

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Comprehensive review of tribometer dynamics-Cycle-based data analysis and visualization

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Friction 2022年第5期10卷 772-786页

作者： Josef PROST Guido BOIDI Thomas LEBERSORGER markus VARGA Georg VORLAUFER AC2Tresearch GmbH Wiener Neustadt 2700Austria

Tribologists often rely on triboexperiments to investigate factors that affect a *** inherent dynamic behavior of the respective tribometer setups and its effect on data interpretation remain often *** this study,a comprehensive analysis of sensor data obtained from lubricated and dry triboexperiments is *** are generated on a pin-on-disc test rig with a silicon nitride ball on a steel disc contact with a rotation frequency of~3 ***-speed acquisition of sensor data up to 5 kHz is performed to resolve changes in the data within individual *** characteristic frequencies of the system and their temporal evolution are determined via time--frequency analysis,which reveals periodic patterns in the sensor ***-based data evaluation allows the detection of localized events and changes during an operation and considerably reduces the apparent measurement uncertainty,as compared with an unreduced *** data analysis and visualization routines presented herein may serve as a prototype for further application to tribometer setups.

关键词： high-speed data acquisition time-frequency analysis(TFA) cycle-resolved analysis pin-on-disc tribometer