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Halogen-specific total organic halogen analysis： Assessment by recovery of total bromine

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第8期29卷 340-348页

作者： markus Langsa Sebastien Allard Ina Kristiana Anna Heitz Cynthia A.Joll Curtin Water Quality Research Centre Department of Chemistry Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia Department of Civil Engineering Curtin University Perth Western Australia 6102 Australia Jurusan Kimia Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan AlamUniversitas PapuaManokwaripapua Barat 98314Indonesia

Determination of halogen-specific total organic halogen（TOX） is vital for studies of disinfection of waters containing bromide, since total organic bromine（TOBr） is likely to be more problematic than total organic chlorine. Here, we present further halogen-specific TOX method optimisation and validation, focusing on measurement of TOBr. The optimised halogen-specific TOX method was validated based on the recovery of model compounds covering different classes of disinfection by-products（haloacetic acids, haloacetonitriles,halophenols and halogenated benzenes） and the recovery of total bromine（mass balance of TOBr and bromide concentrations） during disinfection of waters containing dissolved organic matter and bromide. The validation of a halogen-specific TOX method based on the mass balance of total bromine has not previously been reported. Very good recoveries of organic halogen from all model compounds were obtained, indicating high or complete conversion of all organic halogen in the model compound solution through to halide in the absorber solution for ion chromatography analysis. The method was also successfully applied to monitor conversion of bromide to TOBr in a groundwater treatment plant. An excellent recovery（101%）of total bromine was observed from the raw water to the post-chlorination stage. Excellent recoveries of total bromine（92%–95%） were also obtained from chlorination of a synthetic water containing dissolved organic matter and bromide, demonstrating the validity of the halogen-specific TOX method for TOBr measurement. The halogen-specific TOX method is an important tool to monitor and better understand the formation of halogenated organic compounds, in particular brominated organic compounds, in drinking water systems.

关键词： Total organic bromine Dissolved organic matter Bromide Chlorination Drinking water Health effects

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Reconstruction of debris-flow activity in a temperate mountain forest catchment of central Mexico

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2096-2109页

作者： Osvaldo FRANCO-RAMOS markus STOFFEL Juan Antonio BALLESTEROS-CANOVAS Instituto de Geografia. Universidad NacionalAutonoma de Mexico Ciudad Universitaria Coyoacan 04510 Mexico Dendrolab.ch Department of Earth Sciences University of Geneva 13 rue des Maraichers CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland Climate Change Impacts and Risks in the Anthropocene (C-CIA) Institute for Environmental Sciences University of Geneva 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt CH-1205 Geneva Switzerland Department F.-A. Forelfor Environmental and Aquatic Sciences University of Geneva 66 Boulevard Carl-Vogt CH- 1205 Geneva Switzerland

The use of dendrochronology to study and date geomorphic processes in volcanic environments is still incipient, even more so on the volcanic slopes covered by temperate forests in central Mexico. Mass movements, such as debris flows, often impact forest stands where they cause damage to individual trees, thereby generating growth disturbances(GD) in the tree-ring records. The identification and dating of GD enables reconstruction of the age of trees colonizing bare surfaces after major events, but also allows the assessment of the frequency or spatial distribution of past geomorphic process activity. Here we used increment cores from 65 Pinus leiophylla, Abies religiosa, and Alnus jorullensis trees growing in the Axal gorge, on the southern slopes of La Malinche volcano, to unravel past debris-flow activity both temporally and spatially. Based on the combination of GD records, a weighted tree response index(Wit), field evidence and hydrometeorological records, we reconstructed 23 debris flows since ***, almost two-thirds of the reconstructed years with debris-flow activity in Axal gorge match with events recorded in Axaltzintle gorge located on the NE slopes of La Malinche. These findings suggest a regional triggering mechanism, most likely related to the occurrence of hurricanes. This research could be useful for disaster risk management of the La Malinche National Park.

关键词： Debris flows La Malinche volcano Dendrogeomorphology Temperate forest Hydrometeorological phenomena

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Railway wheel profile fine-tuning system for profile recommendation

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Railway Engineering Science 2021年第1期29卷 74-93页

作者： Yunguang Ye Jonas Vuitton Yu Sun markus Hecht Institute of Land and Sea Transport Systems Technical University of Berlin10587 BerlinGermany College of Transportation Science and Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 210009China

This paper develops a wheel profile fine-tuning system(WPFTS)that comprehensively considers the influence of wheel profile on wheel damage,vehicle stability,vehicle safety,and passenger *** can recommend one or more optimized wheel profiles according to train operators’needs,e.g.,reducing wheel wear,mitigating the development of wheel out-of-roundness(OOR),improving the shape stability of the wheel ***,WPFTS includes four modules:(I)a wheel profile generation module based on the rotary-scaling finetuning(RSFT)method;(II)a multi-objective generation module consisting of a rigid multi-body dynamics simulation(MBS)model,an analytical model,and a rigid–flexible MBS model,for generating 11 objectives related to wheel damage,vehicle stability,vehicle safety,and passenger comfort;(III)a weight assignment module consisting of an adaptive weight assignment strategy and a manual weight assignment strategy;and(IV)an optimization module based on radial basis function(RBF)and particle swarm optimization(PSO).Finally,three cases are introduced to show how WPTFS recommends a wheel profile according to train operators’*** them,a wheel profile with high shape stability,a wheel profile for mitigating the development of wheel OOR,and a wheel profile considering hunting stability and derailment safety are developed,respectively.

关键词： Wheel profile fine-tuning system Optimization Recommendation Wear Contact concentration index Multi-body dynamics simulation(MBS) Railway wheel

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文化之路:流行科学、大众艺术与媚俗

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黑龙江社会科学 2024年第2期 70-77页

作者： [匈牙利]乔治·马尔库什付玉竹(译) 悉尼大学哲学系悉尼上海理工大学出版印刷与艺术设计学院上海200093

如果说,高雅文化的定义中包含着艺术与科学这两个重要组成部分的话,那么作为高雅艺术的对立面——大众文化的内涵也是值得探讨的。作为一种合理的概念框架,在大众文化之下应该既包含大众艺术,也包含大众科学。不同于大众文化和高雅文化... 详细信息

如果说,高雅文化的定义中包含着艺术与科学这两个重要组成部分的话,那么作为高雅艺术的对立面——大众文化的内涵也是值得探讨的。作为一种合理的概念框架,在大众文化之下应该既包含大众艺术,也包含大众科学。不同于大众文化和高雅文化之间的关系,严格的科学作品与科学普及物在任何意义上都不可能存在竞争关系。还有另一种更具意义的“流行科学”的文化形式与生活息息相关。本文继续关于现代性文化的讨论,探讨了流行科学的文化影响以及媚俗艺术与大众艺术的关系问题。

关键词：高雅文化大众文化大众科学流行科学文化工业媚俗

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Approaches for a 3D assessment of pavement evenness data based on 3D vehicle models

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2015年第2期2卷 68-80页

作者： Andreas Ueckermann markus Oeser Institute of Highway Engineering RWTH Aachen University

Pavements are 3D in their shape. They can be captured in three dimensions by modern road mapping equipment which allows for the assessment of pavement evenness in a more holistic way as opposed to current practice which divides into longitudinal and transversal evenness. It makes sense to use 3D vehicle models to simulate the effects of 3D surface data on certain functional criteria like pavement loading, cargo loading and driving comfort. In order to evaluate the three criteria mentioned two vehicle models have been created： a passenger car used to assess driving comfort and a truck-semitrailer submodel used to assess pavement and cargo loading. The vehicle models and their application to 3D surface data are presented. The results are well in line with existing single-track （planar） models. Their advantage over existing 1D/2D models is demonstrated by the example of driving comfort evaluation. Existing ＂geometric＂ limit values for the assessment of longi- tudinal evenness in terms of the power spectral density could be used to establish corre- sponding limit values for the dynamic response, i.e. driving comfort, pavement loading and cargo loading. The limit values are well in line with existing limit values based on planar vehicle models. They can be used as guidelines for the proposal of future limit values. The investigations show that the use of 3D vehicle models is an appropriate and meaningful way of assessing 3D evenness data gathered by modern road mapping systems.

关键词： Pavement evenness Assessment 3D vehicle model Loading Acceleration

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Simulating the evolution of a clonal trait in plants with sexual and vegetative reproduction

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2008年第3期1卷 161-171页

作者： markus Fischer Eckart Winkler Bernhard Schmid Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Institute for Biochemistry and Biology University of PotsdamMaulbeerallee 1D-14469 PotsdamGermany Department of Ecological Modelling Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research UFZPO Box 500135D-04301 LeipzigGermany Institute of Environmental Sciences University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Phenotypic optimality models neglect ***,especially when heterozygous genotypes are fittest,evolving allele,genotype and phenotype frequencies may not correspond to predicted *** was not previously addressed for organisms with complex life *** Therefore,we modelled the evolution of a fitness-relevant trait of clonal plants,stolon internode *** explored the likely case of an asymmetric unimodal fitness profile with three model *** constant selection models(CSMs),which are gametic,but not spatially explicit,evolving allele frequencies in the one-locus and fiveloci cases did not correspond to optimum stolon internode length predicted by the spatially explicit,but not gametic,phenotypic *** deviation was due to the asymmetry of the fitness ***,spatially explicit individual-based(SEIB)modeling allowed us relaxing the CSM assumptions of constant selection with exclusively sexual *** findings For entirely vegetative or sexual reproduction,predictions of the gametic SEIB model were close to the ones of spatially explicit nongametic phenotypic models,but for mixed modes of reproduction they approximated those of gametic,not spatially explicit ***,in contrast to gametic SEIB models,phenotypic models and,especially for few loci,also CSMs can be very *** conclude that the evolution of traits governed by few quantitative trait loci appears hardly predictable by simple models,that genetic algorithms aiming at technical optimization may actually miss the optimum and that selection may lead to loci with smaller effects in derived compared with ancestral lines.

关键词： clonal plants ecological and evolutionary modelling genetic variation life-history evolution optimal life histories simulation model

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Virtual welding equipment for simulation of GMAW processes with integration of power source regulation

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Frontiers of Materials Science 2011年第2期5卷 79-89页

作者： Uwe REISGEN markus SCHLESER Oleg MOKROV Alexander ZABIROV ISF - Welding and Joining Institute RWTH Aachen University Germany

A two dimensional transient numerical analysis and computational module for simulation of electrical and thermal characteristics during electrode melting and metal transfer involved in Gas-Metal-Arc-Welding （GMAW） processes is presented. Solution of *** transient heat transfer equation is carried out using a control volume finite difference technique. The computational module also includes controlling and regulation algorithms of industrial welding power sources. The simulation results are the current and voltage waveforms, mean voltage drops at different parts of circuit, total electric power, cathode, anode and arc powers and arc length. We describe application of the model for normal process （constant voltage） and for pulsed processes with U/I and Ill- modulation modes. The comparisons with experimental waveforms of current and voltage show that the model predicts current, voltage and electric power with a high accuracy. The model is used in simulation package SimWeld for calculation of heat flux into the work-piece and the weld seam formation. From the calculated heat flux and weld pool sizes, an equivalent volumetric heat source according to Goldak model, can be generated. The method was implemented and investigated with the simulation software SimWeld developed by the ISF at RWTH Aachen University.

关键词： GMAW process simulation regulation algorithm power source

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Limited tree richness effects on herb layer composition,richness and productivity in experimental forest stands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 190-200页

作者： markus S.Germany Helge Bruelheide Alexandra Erfmeier Institute for Ecosystem Research GeobotanyKiel UniversityOlshausenstr.7524118 KielGermany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106120 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany

Aims In forests,the herbaceous understory vegetation plays an important role for ecosystem functioning as it represents a significant component of total aboveground *** addition,the herb layer contributes to overall forest species richness and controls tree species *** versa,trees in the overstory control understory herb and shrub growth through competition for *** an experimental forest plantation with manipulated tree richness,we asked to which degree tree species richness and identity affect herb layer composition,richness and productivity and how these relationships across strata change with abiotic environmental conditions and competition *** In the context of the Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning project in subtropical China(BEF-China),we made use of the integrated BEFmod experiment arranged along a tree species richness gradient at two sites,with additional subplot treatments of phosphorus addition,herb layer weeding and no *** recorded the understory vegetation and determined herb layer biomass production on a total of 201 *** Findings We found only minor effects of tree layer richness on herb layer species composition and no significant effect on herb layer richness or productivity ***,there were strong tree layer identity effects on all response variables,which were partly explained by differences in leaf area index and by a high share of woody species both in total herb layer species richness and *** were strong treatment effects,which were largest in the‘no weeding’treatment but we did not find any treatment×tree layer richness interaction in herb layer ***,these effects are mainly explained by increased competition intensity within the herb layer in the absence of *** the young age of the experiment,the interactions between tree species identity,tree richness and the herb layer did already emerge and can be expected to become stronger with

关键词： experimental research platform of BEF-China functional biodiversity research forest understory biomass Jiangxi Province

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Device-assisted enteroscopy: A review of available techniques and upcoming new technologies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第27期25卷 3538-3545页

作者： markus Schneider Jörg Höllerich Torsten Beyna Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf

The advent of video capsule endoscopy into clinical routine more than 15 years ago led to a substantial change in the diagnostic approach to patients with suspected small bowel diseases, often indicating a deep enteroscopy procedure for diagnostical confirmation or endoscopic treatment. Device assisted enteroscopy was developed in 2001 and for the first time established a practicable, safe and effective method for evaluation of the small *** with double-balloon enteroscopy, single-balloon enteroscopy and spiral enteroscopy three different platforms are available in clinical ***, double-balloon enteroscopy seems to offer the deepest insertion depth to the small bowel going hand in hand with the disadvantage of a longer procedural duration. Manual spiral enteroscopy seems to be a faster procedure but without reaching the depth of the DBE in currently available data. Finally,single-balloon enteroscopy seems to be the least complicated procedure to perform. Despite substantial improvements in the field of direct enteroscopy,even nowadays deep endoscopic access to the small bowel with all available methods is still a complex procedure, cumbersome and time-consuming and requires high endoscopic skills. This review will give an overview of the currently available techniques and will further discuss the role of the upcoming new technology of the motorized spiral enteroscopy(PowerSpiral).

关键词： Small bowel disease Capsule endoscopy Enteroscopy PowerSpiral enteroscopy Endoscopy

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Heritability of early growth traits and their plasticity in 14 woody species of Chinese subtropical forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 222-231页

作者： Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka Erik Welk markus Fischer UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Str.4D-06120 HalleGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 01D-06108 HalleGermany

Aims Genetic variation in plant traits represents the raw material for future adaptive *** extent can be estimated as heritability based on the performance of experimental plants of known relatedness,such as maternal half-sib seed *** there is considerable heritability information for herbaceous plants and commercially important trees,little is known for woody species of natural subtropical ***,it is open whether heritability is higher for species with r-or K-strategies,for more common species with larger distribution ranges than for rarer ones,or for populations closer to the centres of distributional *** For 14 woody species in Chinese subtropical forest,we collected 13-38 maternal seed families,assessed seed size,grew replicates of each seed family in one more and one less benign nursery environment and measured stem diameter and plant height after 7 *** findings For the different species,plants grew 1.8-8.1 times taller in the more benign *** all 14 species,variation between seed families(and thus heritability)was significant(with very few exceptions at the P<0.001 level)for seed size and for stem diameter and plant height in both ***,significant seed family by nursery interactions for stem diameter and plant height for all species(P<0.001)indicated significant heritability for plasticity in these *** regression analysis suggests that heritabilities were higher for species with higher age at reproduction and higher wood density(traits indicating a K strategy)but also for species with higher specific leaf area(a trait rather indicating an r strategy).Furthermore,heritabilities were higher for species with larger range sizes,while there was no significant relationship between heritabilities and the distance of the study area to the range margins of our study *** conclusion,the detected large heritability estimates suggest considerable potential for the evolution

关键词： heritability plant performance phenotypic plasticity subtropical forest

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