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Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第34期12卷 5440-5446页

作者： Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter klppel Department of Pathology Universityof Kiel Germany Department of Pathology University of Zürich Switzerland Department of Pathology Universityof Kiel Germany Department of Forensic Medicine Universityof Kiel Germany Department of General Visceral andPediatric Surgery University of Düsseldorf Germany Department of General andVisceral Surgery University of Halle-Wittenberg Germany

Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome （ZES）. ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary （sporadic） gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN1） syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors （NETs） includes 18 patients （23.4%） with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients （4.5%） suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished from tumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functio

关键词： Endocrine tumor Gastrinoma Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 Precursor lesion Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

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Longitudinally thickness-controlled nanofilms on exposed core fibres enabling spectrally flattened supercontinuum generation

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Light(Advanced Manufacturing) 2021年第3期2卷 76-87页

作者： Tilman A.klühder Henrik Schneidewind Erik P.Schartner Heike Ebendorff-Heidepriem markus A.Schmidt Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert-Einstein-Str.907745 JenaGermany School of Physical Sciences and ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics(CNBP)and Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing(IPAS) The University of AdelaideAdelaide SA 5005Australia Otto Schott Institute of Material Research Fraunhoferstr.607743 JenaGermany Abbe School of Photonics and Physics Faculty Friedrich Schiller University07743 JenaGermany

Nonlinear frequency conversion is a pathway to unlock undiscovered physics and implement tailored light sources for spectroscopy or medicine.A key challenge is the establishment of spectrally flat outputs,which is particularly demanding in the context of soliton-based light conversion at low pump ***,we introduce the concept of controlling nonlinear frequency conversion by longitudinally varying resonances,allowing the shaping of soliton dynamics and achieving broadband spectra with substantial spectral *** varying resonances are realised by nanofilms with gradually changing thicknesses located on the core of an advanced microstructured *** with engineered thickness profiles are fabricated by tilted deposition,representing a waveguidecompatible approach to nano-fabrication,and inducing well-controlled resonances into the system,allowing unique dispersion control along the fibre *** features and dependencies are examined experimentally,showing improved bandwidth and spectral flatness via multiple dispersive wave generation and dispersionassisted soliton Raman shifts while maintaining excellent pulse-to-pulse stability and coherence in simulations,suggesting the relevance of our findings for basic science as well as tailored light sources.

关键词： waveguide pump soliton

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