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Heritability of early growth traits and their plasticity in 14 woody species of Chinese subtropical forest

Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 222-231页

作者： Xueqin Zeng Walter Durka Erik Welk markus Fischer UFZ-Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Str.4D-06120 HalleGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 01D-06108 HalleGermany

Aims Genetic variation in plant traits represents the raw material for future adaptive *** extent can be estimated as heritability based on the performance of experimental plants of known relatedness,such as maternal half-sib seed *** there is considerable heritability information for herbaceous plants and commercially important trees,little is known for woody species of natural subtropical ***,it is open whether heritability is higher for species with r-or k-strategies,for more common species with larger distribution ranges than for rarer ones,or for populations closer to the centres of distributional *** For 14 woody species in Chinese subtropical forest,we collected 13-38 maternal seed families,assessed seed size,grew replicates of each seed family in one more and one less benign nursery environment and measured stem diameter and plant height after 7 *** findings For the different species,plants grew 1.8-8.1 times taller in the more benign *** all 14 species,variation between seed families(and thus heritability)was significant(with very few exceptions at the Pk strategy)but also for species with higher specific leaf area(a trait rather indicating an r strategy).Furthermore,heritabilities were higher for species with larger range sizes,while there was no significant relationship between heritabilities and the distance of the study area to the range margins of our study *** conclusion,the detected large heritability estimates suggest considerable potential for the evolution

关键词： heritability plant performance phenotypic plasticity subtropical forest

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Monodisperse hollow silica spheres： An in-depth scattering analysis

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Nano Research 2016年第5期9卷 1366-1376页

作者： Pia Ruckdeschel Martin Dulle Tobias Honold Stephan Forster Matthias karg markus Retsch Physical Chemistry 1 - Polymer Systems University ofBayreuth Universitatsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany Physical Chemistry 1 University of Bayreuth Universitatsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany Physical Chemistry 1 - Colloidal Systems University of Bayreuth Universitatsstr. 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany

Herein, we fabricate hollow silica nanoparticles with exceptionally narrow size distributions that inherently possess two distinct length scales-tens of nanometers with regards to the shell thickness, and hundreds of nanometers in regards to the total diameter. We characterize these structures using dynamic and static light scattering （DLS and SLS）, small angle X-ray scattering （SAXS）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and we demonstrate quantitative agreement among all methods. The ratio between the radius of gyration （SLS） and hydrodynamic radius （DLS） in these particles equals almost unity, corresponding to ideal capsule behavior. We are able to resolve up to 20 diffraction orders of the hollow sphere form factor in SAXS, indicating a narrow size distribution. Data from light and X-ray scattering can be combined to a master curve covering a q-range of four orders of magnitude assessing all hierarchical length scales of the form factor. The measured SLS intensity profiles noticeably change when the scattering contrast between the interior and exterior is altered, whereas the SAXS intensity profiles do not show any significant change. Tight control of the aforementioned length scales in one simple and robust colloidal building block renders these particles suitable as future calibration standards.

关键词： hollow sphere silica nanoparticle small angle X-ray scattering light scattering nanoscale characterization

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Reliability Growth Test Planning and Verification of Commercial Vehicles

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Automotive Innovation 2019年第4期2卷 328-337页

作者： Liu Jicheng Huang Liyan Zhou Renmin markus Volmer Beiqi Foton Motor Co. Ltd.Beijing 102206China

Reliability and durability are two important technical indicators in automobile research and development.A research-and-design and testing organization can increase inherent quality attributes by adopting a systematic approach based on statistical tools and clearly defined *** process affects the design phase,validation through testing,and quality assurance in *** the basis of reliability growth theory and the Duane model,this study established an estimation method for the definition of the target mileage and specific test cycles in reliability growth testing.A construction method for defin-ing test conditions was proposed that adopts the theory of the design of *** simulation was conducted under a variety of typical test conditions including differing operation times,loads,and logistics modes to predict customer use and detect *** cases were then analyzed in *** the same time,a reliability growth prediction model was established on the basis of the initial test data and used for test process tracking and risk control.

关键词： Reliability Duane model Reliability growth prediction model Failure rate

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Colon cancer and the immune system:The role of tumor invading T cells

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第45期12卷 7233-7238页

作者： Maximilian Waldner Carl C Schimanski markus F Neurath I. Department of Medicine University of Mainz Mainz Germany

Colon cancer is still one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. Although the host immune system has been shown to react against tumor cells, mainly through tumor infi ltrating lymphocytes and Nk cells, tumor cells may utilize different ways to escape anti-tumor immune response. Tumor infi ltration of CD8+ and CD4+ (T-bet+) effector T cells has been attributed to a beneficial outcome, and the enhancement of T cell activation through T cell receptor stimulation and co-stimulatory signals provides promising strategies for immunotherapy of colon cancer. Growing evidence supports a role for the Fas/FasL system in tumor immunology, although the mechanisms and consequences of FasL activation in colon cancer are not completely understood. In animal models, depletion of regulatory T cells (CD4+ CD25+ T cells) can enhance the anti-tumor immune response under certain conditions. Taken together, recent insights in the immune reaction against colon carcinoma have provided new approaches to immunotherapy, although much remains to be learned about the exact mechanisms.

关键词： CD4-positive T-lymphocytes CD8-positive T-lymphocytes Immunology Colonic neoplasms therapy Colorectal neoplasms Humans Lymphocytes Tumor-infiltrating Tumor escape

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Channel-resolved subcycle interferences of electron wave packets emitted from H_(2) in two-color laser fields

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第4期4卷 1-7页

作者： Xinhua Xie Stefan Roither Daniil kartashov Li Zhang Andrius Baltuska markus kitzler Photonics Institute Technische Universitat Wien Institute of Theoretical Chemistry University of Vienna

We report on the observation of subcycle interferences of electron wave packets released during strong field ionization of H_2 with cycle-shaped two-color laser fields. With a reaction microscope we measure three-dimensional momentum distributions of photoelectrons correlated with either H_2^+ or protons within different energy ranges generated by dissociation of H_2^+. We refer to these different types of photoelectrons as channels. Our results show that the subcycle interference structures of electron wave packets are very sensitive to the cycle shape of the two-color laser field. We explain this behavior by the dependence of the ionization time within an optical cycle on the shape of the laser field cycle. The subcycle interference structures can be further used to obtain insight into the subcycle dynamics of molecules during strong field interaction.

关键词： molecular dynamics strong field ionization wave packet interference

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Effect of paracellular permeation enhancers on intestinal permeability of two peptide drugs,enalaprilat and hexarelin, in rats

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第6期11卷 1667-1675页

作者： David Dahlgren Tobias Olander markus Sjoblom Mikael Hedeland Hans Lennernas Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences Translational Drug Discovery and DevelopmentUppsala UniversityUppsala 75236Sweden Department of Neuroscience Division of PhysiologyUppsala UniversityUppsala 75236Sweden Department of Medicinal Chemistry Analytical Pharmaceutical ChemistryUppsala UniversityUppsala 75236Sweden Department of Chemistry Environment and Feed HygieneNational Veterinary Institute(SVA)Uppsala 75189Sweden

Transcellular permeation enhancers are known to increase the intestinal permeability of enalaprilat,a 349 Da peptide,but not hexarelin(887 Da).The primary aim of this paper was to investigate if paracellular permeability enhancers affected the intestinal permeation of the two *** was investigated using the rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model with concomitant blood *** luminal compositions included two paracellular permeation enhancers,chitosan(5 mg/mL) and ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA,1 and 5 mg/mL),as well as low luminal tonicity(100 mOsm) with or without *** were evaluated by the change in lumen-to-blood permeability of hexarelin and enalaprilat,and the blood-to-lumen clearance of ^(51)chromium-labeled EDTA(CL_(Cr-EDTA)),a clinical marker for mucosal barrier *** two paracellular permeation enhancers increased the mucosal permeability of both peptide drugs to a similar *** data in this study suggests that the potential for paracellular permeability enhancers to increase intestinal absorption of hydrophilic peptides with low molecular mass is greater than for those with transcellular ***,the mucosal blood-to-lumen flux of ^(51)Cr-EDTA was increased by the two paracellular permeation enhancers and by luminal *** contrast,luminal hypotonicity did not affect the lumen-to-blood transport of enalaprilat and *** suggests that hypotonicity affects paracellular solute transport primarily in the mucosal crypt region,as this area is protected from luminal contents by a constant water flow from the crypts.

关键词： Permeation enhancers Absorption-modifying excipients Oral peptide delivery Intestinal permeability Intestinal perfusion Pharmaceutical development

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Optimal Placement of Phasor Measurement Unit in Smart Grids Considering Multiple Constraints

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第2期11卷 479-488页

作者： Tengpeng Chen He Ren Yuhao Sun markus kraft Gehan A.J.Amaratunga Department of Instrumental and Electrical Engineering Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University ShenzhenChina CTC Intelligence(Shenzhen)Technology Co. Ltd.ShenzhenChina Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology University of CambridgeCambridgeUK Cambridge Centre for Advanced Research and Education in Singapore CREATE TowerSingapore School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Engineering University of CambridgeUK

The distribution of measurement noise is usually assumed to be Gaussian in the optimal phasor measurement unit(PMU)placement(OPP)***,this is not always accurate in *** paper proposes a new OPP method for smart grids in which the effects of conventional measurements,limited channels of PMUs,zero-injection buses(ZIBs),single PMU loss contingency,state estimation error(SEE),and the maximum SEE variance(MSEEV)are *** SEE and MSEEV are both obtained using a robust t-distribution maximum likelihood estimator(MLE)because t-distribution is more flexible for modeling both Gaussian and non-Gaussian *** A-and G-optimal experimental criteria are utilized to form the SEE and MSEEV *** allows the optimization problem to be converted into a linear objective function subject to linear matrix inequality observability *** performance of the proposed OPP method is verified by the simulations of the IEEE 14-bus,30-bus,and 118-bus systems as well as the 211-bus practical distribution system in China.

关键词： Phasor measurement unit(PMU) smart grids optimal placement state estimation(SE).

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Response of tree-ring width to climate warming and selective logging in larch forests of the Mongolian Altai

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2014年第1期7卷 24-38页

作者： Choimaa Dulamsuren Mookhor khishigjargal Christoph Leuschner markus Hauck Department of Plant Ecology Albrecht von Haller Institute of Plant SciencesGeorg August University of GöttingenUntere Karspüle 237073 GöttingenGermany

Aims The Mongolian Altai is an old settlement area,which is populated by pastoral nomads since 2000–3000 *** in this region(at ca.2300 m a.s.l.)are highly fragmented and border on steppe and alpine grasslands,which are used for mobile livestock *** climate in Central Asia is warming to levels clearly above the global average,which affects the ***,the transition from planned to market economy and the decollectivization of livestock 20 years ago has strongly changed land use practices in Mongolia,especially resulting in an increase in recent logging *** were interested in the question how climate warming and selective logging influence the annual stem growth and the stand *** The impact of climate and land use by the pastoral nomads on the annual stem increment of more than 1800 trees of Siberian larch(Larix sibirica)was *** groups of trees with divergent growth trends depending on the social position and stand history were identified by non-metric multidimensional scaling and analysis of ***-term trends in the annual stem increment were analyzed by establishing separate regional growth curves for trees of different age *** Findings Instrumental climate data substantiate an increase of temperature by 2.1°C since 1940 at constant *** benefit from the increased ***–response analysis revealed that radial stem increment was promoted by the temperature in early summer,but also high precipitation in spring and in the year before tree-ring *** dynamics is also strongly influenced by anthropogenic *** addition to the natural forest dynamics,logging resulted in divergent growth trends within given age classes and habitats(forest interior and forest edge);overall,22 groups of trees with different characteristics in the annual radial stem increment were identified.A tree-ring series-based reconstruction of logging inten

关键词： climate change forest management forest-steppe ecotones Central Asia Larix sibirica

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Indian Defense Industry Modernization:Nexus of Politics and Economy

Indian Defense Industry Modernization:Nexus of Politics and ...

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作者： markus Joohs 四川大学

学位级别：硕士

The Indian defense sector was object to many changes in the last two *** the 1990s The Congress party started a process of liberalization and privatization of the economy after a payment crisis and,as condition for an IMF loan,a liberalization of the Indian economy,which was strongly boosted after Prime Minister Narendra Modi took office in *** understand the reasons and strategy of the Indian defense industry modernization I will analyze the most important factors and views behind current policies for the defense *** this thesis I analyze the proximity PM Modi to rich family clans and their leaders and the system behind *** closest one of them is Gautam Adani who profited the most of all government privatization efforts of the BJP government and is running airports,sea ports,gas pipes and now profits of big government contracts in the defense *** only do I link the supporters and profiteers in the "system Modi",some "old money" and some new rich family clans directly to the prime minister,but also show how they use the rising national pride in connection with Hindutva,Hindu nationalism,to continue the path of liberalization and privatization for their own benefits.I analyze the role of "the big four" in the Indian defense sector and the role in enabling the Modi government to liberalize the Indian defense market and profit out of it at the same ***,EY,PwC and APCO are not only advising Modi himself in his campaigns and to sharpen his profile as nationalist and reformer but also in the environment of many of the big private companies.

关键词： India,defense,private,sector,Indian,companies,modernization,Minister,politics,minister,

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A case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection following bile duct stenting

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第9期11卷 1396-1398页

作者： markus k Diener Alexis Ulrich Theresia Weber Moritz N Wente markus W Büchler Helmut Friess Department of General Surgery

AIM: To present a case of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection following bile duct stenting in a patient with malignant biliary ***: A 78-year-old male patient was admitted to a community hospital with progredient painless jaundice lasting over two weeks, weight loss and sweating at *** a stent should be implanted pre-operatively in jaundiced patients or whether these patients should directly undergo surgical resection, was ***: ERC and a biopsy from the papilla of Vater revealed an adenocarcinoma. In addition, a 7-Ch plastic stent was placed into the common bile duct. Persistent abdominal pain, increasing jaundice, weakness and indigestion led to the transfer of the patient to our hospital.A pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy wasperformed. Intraoperatively, bile leaked out of the transected choledochus andthe stent was found to be dislocated in the duodenum. A smear of the bile revealed an infection with MRSA, leading to post-operative isolation of the ***:As biliary stents can cause severe infection of the bile, the need for pre-operative placement of biliary stents should be carefully evaluated in each individual case.

关键词： Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bile Infection Stent Biliary obstruction Malignancy Surgery

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