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Geoscience Frontiers 2024年第3期15卷 137-145页

作者： Kyle P.Larson John m.Cottle mark.Button Brendan Dyck Iva Lihter Sudip Shrestha Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaCanada Department of Earth Science University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraUSA Fipke Laboratory for Trace Element Research University of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaCanada

Re-examination of three specimens from the Kanchenjunga Himal of Nepal via in situ Lu-Hf garnet geochronology yields evidence of multiple garnet growth *** analyses from grain cores in two specimens define Paleozoic regressions whereas analyses from grain rims in the same specimens define low-precision regressions consistent with the timing of Himalayan *** dates contrast with previously published low dispersion,ca.290 ma isotope dissolution(ID)Lu-Hf garnet dates for the same *** of Lu and spot age distribution in representative grains from the specimens examined yields calculated dates that approximate the Permian-age regressions through the original ID *** findings demonstrate that it is possible to generate low dispersion ID Lu-Hf data from multigenerational garnet with significantly different-age growth events when approximately equal proportions of the different age reservoirs are included in multi-component aliquots.

关键词： Lu-Hf geochronology In situ Lu-Hf geochronology Kanchenjunga Himal

Relative carcinogenicity of tacrolimus vs mycophenolate after solid organ transplantation and its implications for liver transplant care

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第4期16卷 650-660页

作者： Dorothy Liu mark.m Youssef Josephine A Grace marie Sinclair Department of Gastroenterology Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Victorian Liver Transplant Unit Austin HealthMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia Department of medicine University of MelbourneMelbourne 3084VictoriaAustralia

BACKGROUND De novo malignancy is a leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in liver transplant *** immunosuppression has been shown to contribute to post-transplant malignancy(PTm)*** is emerging evidence on the differential carcinogenic risk profile of individual immunosuppressive drugs,independent of the net effect of *** inhibitors such as tacrolimus may promote tumourigenesis,whereas mycophenolic acid(mPA),the active metabolite of mycophenolate mofetil,may limit tumour *** transplantation(LT)is relatively unique among solid organ transplantation in that immunosuppression monotherapy with either tacrolimus or mPA is often achievable,which makes careful consideration of the risk-benefit profile of these immunosuppression agents particularly relevant for this ***,there is limited clinical data on this subject in both LT and other solid organ transplant *** To investigate the relative carcinogenicity of tacrolimus and mPA in solid organ *** A literature search was conducted using mEDLINE and Embase databases using the key terms“solid organ transplantation”,“tacrolimus”,“mycophenolic acid”,and“carcinogenicity”,in order to identify relevant articles published in English between 1st January 2002 to 11th August *** terms,synonyms and explosion of meSH terms,Boolean operators and truncations were also utilised in the *** lists of retrieved articles were also reviewed to identify any additional *** duplicates,abstracts from 1230 records were screened by a single reviewer,whereby 31 records were reviewed in ***-text articles were assessed for eligibility based on pre-specified inclusion and exclusion *** A total of 6 studies were included in this *** studies were large population registries or cohort studies,which varied in transplant era,type of organ transplanted and immunosuppression protocol us

关键词： Immunosuppression Solid organ transplantation Liver transplantation Carcinogenicity Tacrolimus mycophenolate

Theoretical study of superradiant masing with solid-state spins at room temperature

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Science China(Physics,mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 38-47页

作者： Qilong Wu Yuan Zhang Hao Wu Shi-Lei Su Kai-Kai Liu mark.Oxborrow Chong-Xin Shan Klaus mølmer Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic materials and Devices Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Institute of Quantum materials and Physics Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Center for Quantum Technology Research and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and measurements School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of materials Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Niels Bohr Institute University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

Steady-state superradiance and superradiant lasing attract significant attentions in the field of optical lattice clocks,but have not been achieved yet due to the technical challenges and atom loss *** this article,we propose that their counter-part may be observed in the microwave domain with solid-state spins,i.e.,nitrogen-vacancy center spins and pentacene molecular spins,coupled to microwave resonator at room temperature with realistic technical *** validate our proposal,we investigate systematically the system dynamics and steady-state by solving quantum master equations for the multi-level and multi-process dynamics of trillions of *** calculations show that the superradiant Rabi oscillations occur firstly due to transitions among different Dicke states,and the subsequent continuous-wave superradiant masing can achieve a linewidth well below *** work may guide further exploration of transient and steady-state superradiant masing with the mentioned and other solid-state spins *** ultra-narrow linewidth may find applications in deep-space communications,radio astronomy and high-precision metrology.

关键词： solid-state spins superradiance maser

Electroactivity of the magnetotactic bacteria magnetospirillum magneticum AmB-1 and magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense mSR-1

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 103-110页

作者： mathias Fessler Qingxian Su marlene mark.Jensen Yifeng Zhang Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering Technical University of DenmarkCopenhagenDK-2800Denmark

magnetotactic bacteria reside in sediments and stratified water *** are named after their ability to synthesize internal magnetic particles that allow them to align and swim along the Earth’s magnetic field ***,we show that two magnetotactic species,magnetospirillum magneticum strain AmB-1 and magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense strain mSR-1,are *** *** and *** were able to generate current in microbial fuel cells with maximum power densities of 27 and 11μW/m^(2),*** the presence of the electron shuttle resazurin both species were able to reduce the crystalline iron oxide hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)).In addition,*** could reduce poorly crystalline iron oxide(FeOOH).Our study adds *** and *** to the growing list of known electroactive bacteria,and implies that electroactivity might be common for bacteria within the magnetospirillum genus.

关键词： magnetotactic bacteria magnetospirillum magneticum magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense Extracellular electron transfer microbial fuel cells

A novel diagnostic gene region for distinguishing between two pest fruit flies:Bactrocera tryoni(Froggatt)and Bactrocera neohumeralis(Hardy)(Diptera:Tephritidae)

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Insect Science 2024年第4期31卷 1285-1295页

作者： melissa L.Starkie Elizabeth V.Fowler Alexander m.Piper Xiaocheng Zhu Pauline Wyatt David Gopurenko matt N.Krosch Francesca Strutt Karen F.Armstrong Hamish Patrick mark.K.Schutze mark.J.Blacket Department of Agriculture and Fisheries BiosecurityBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Agriculture Victoria AgriBioBundooraVictoriaAustralia Department of Primary Industries Wagga Wagga Agricultural InstituteWagga WaggaNew South WalesAustralia Forensic Services Group Queensland Police ServiceBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia Department of Pest-management and Conservation Lincoln UniversityLincolnNew Zealand Better Border Biosecurity(B3 B3nz.org.nz)LincolnNew Zealand

Bactrocera tryoni and Bactrocera neohumeralis are morphologically similar sibling pest fruit fly species that possess different biological attributes,geographic distributions,and host *** need to differentiate between the two species is critical for accurate pest status assessment,management,biosecurity,and maintenance of reference *** morphologically similar,adults may be separated based on subtle characters;however,some characters exhibit intraspecific variability,creating overlap between the two ***,there is currently no single molecular mark.r or rapid diagnostic assay that can reliably distinguish between *** and ***;therefore,ambiguous samples remain *** we report the first molecular mark.r that can consistently distinguish between *** and *** diagnostic region consists of two adjacent single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)within the pangolin(pan)gene *** confirmed the genotypes of each species are consistent across their distributional range,then developed a tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system(ARmS)PCR assay for rapid diagnosis of the *** assay utilizes four primers in multiplex,with two outer universal primers,and two internal primers:one designed to target two adjacent SNPs(AA)present in *** and the other targeting adjacent SNPs present in ***(GG).The assay accurately discriminates between the two species,but their SNP genotypes are shared with other nontarget tephritid fruit fly ***,this assay is most suited to adult diagnostics where species confirmation is necessary in determining ambiguous surveillance trap catches;maintaining pure colony lines;and in Sterile Insect Technique management responses.

关键词： ARmS-PCR colony molecular diagnostics pangolin tetra-primer

Laboratory study of a hydronic concrete deck heated externally in a controlled sub-freezing environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第1期5卷 9-23页

作者： mark.Hurley Omid Habibzadeh-Bigdarvish Gang Lei Xinbao Yu Department of Civil Engineering University of Texas at ArlingtonTX 76019United States

Geothermal heating of bridge decks is a reliable and sustainable method for bridge de-icing that has been in-creasing in demand since conventional de-icing methods were proved to be environmentally *** research on geothermal heating of bridge decks relied on hydronic pipes embedded inside of bridge decks,which are confined to newly constructed *** existing bridges,a newly devised method for external heating has been recently tested under limited laboratory conditions to determine its overall *** study explores laboratory heating tests of a concrete slab with a thickness representing a typical concrete bridge *** slab was equipped with a simulated geothermal bridge de-icing system and tested inside a freezer subjected to sub-freezing controlled *** winter scenarios were applied to the system to determine its heat-ing performance and how feasible it will be for the system to be transferred to the field.A prediction equation was developed to estimate the total energy reserves required to permit de-icing,and statistical analysis was performed and validated with test *** slab surface heat flux was estimated to range from 27 W/m^(2) K to 73 W/m^(2) K from the heating *** externally-heated deck can be designed with the developed prediction equation for snow melting.

关键词： Thermal demands Bridge deck de-icing Attached hydronic loops Heated bridge deck Heat flux analysis

An Improved Coupled Level Set and Continuous moment-of-Fluid method for Simulating multiphase Flows with Phase Change

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Communications on Applied mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1034-1069页

作者： Zhouteng Ye Cody Estebe Yang Liu mehdi Vahab Zeyu Huang mark.Sussman Alireza moradikazerouni Kourosh Shoele Yongsheng Lian mitsuhiro Ohta m.Yousuff Hussaini ZJUI Institute Zhejiang UniversityHaining 314400ZhejiangChina Department of mathematics Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUSA Department of mechanical Engineering Florida State UniversityTallahasseeUSA mechanical and Aerospace Engineering mathworks NatickMAUSA School of Aerospace Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of mechanical Engineering University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUSA Department of mechanical Science Tokushima UniversityTokushimaJapan

An improved algorithm for computing multiphase flows is presented in which the multimaterial moment-of-Fluid(mOF)algorithm for multiphase flows,initially described by Li et al.(2015),is enhanced addressing existing mOF difficulties in computing solutions to problems in which surface tension forces are crucial for understanding salient flow *** Continuous mOF(CmOF)method is motivated in this *** CmOF reconstruction method inherently removes the"checkerboard instability"that persists when using the mOF method on surface tension driven multiphase(multimaterial)*** CmOF reconstruction algorithm is accelerated by coupling the CmOF method to the level set method and coupling the CmOF method to a decision tree machine learning(mL)*** flow examples are shown in the two-dimensional(2D),three-dimensional(3D)axisymmetric"RZ",and 3D coordinate *** include two material and three material multiphase flows:bubble formation,the impingement of a liquid jet on a gas bubble in a cryogenic fuel tank,freezing,and liquid lens dynamics.

关键词： moment-of-Fluid(mOF) Surface tension Two phase flow Phase change Deforming boundaries with change(s)in topology Two-dimensional(2D) Three-dimensional(3D)axisymmetric 3D

A three-dimensional feature extraction-based method for coal cleat characterization using X-ray μCT and its application to a Bowen Basin coal specimen

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Journal of Rock mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第1期16卷 153-166页

作者： Yulai Zhang matthew Tsang mark.Knackstedt michael Turner Shane Latham Euan macaulay Rhys Pitchers ARC Training Centre for m3D Innovation Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Department of materials Physics Research School of PhysicsAustralian National UniversityCanberraACT2601Australia Anglo American Steelmaking Coal BrisbaneQLD4000Australia SCT Operations Pty Ltd. WollongongNSW2500Australia

Cleats are the dominant micro-fracture network controlling the macro-mechanical behavior of *** understanding of the spatial characteristics of cleat networks is therefore important to the coal mining *** fracture networks(DFNs)are increasingly used in engineering analyses to spatially model fractures at various *** reliability of coal DFNs largely depends on the confidence in the input cleat *** of these parameters can be made from image-based three-dimensional(3D)characterization of coal cleats using X-ray micro-computed tomography(m CT).One key step in this process,after cleat extraction,is the separation of individual cleats,without which the cleats are a connected network and statistics for different cleat sets cannot be *** this paper,a feature extraction-based image processing method is introduced to identify and separate distinct cleat groups from 3D X-ray m CT ***(filters)representing explicit cleat features of coal are built and cleat separation is successfully achieved by convolutional operations on 3D coal *** new method is applied to a coal specimen with 80 mm in diameter and 100 mm in length acquired from an Anglo American Steelmaking Coal mine in the Bowen Basin,Queensland,*** is demonstrated that the new method produces reliable cleat separation capable of defining individual cleats and preserving 3D topology after ***-parallel fractures are also identified and separated,which has his-torically been challenging to delineate and rarely reported.A variety of cleat/fracture statistics is measured which not only can quantitatively characterize the cleat/fracture system but also can be used for DFN ***,variability and heterogeneity with respect to the core axis are *** heterogeneity is observed and suggests that the representative elementary volume(REV)of the cleat groups for engineering purposes may be a complex problem requ

关键词： Cleat separation Cleat statistics Feature extraction Discrete fracture network(DFN)modeling

Old-growth mixed dipterocarp forests show variable losses and gains in aboveground biomass and standing carbon over forty years

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： Sisira Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana Shanika Jayasinghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.m.P.Singhakumara Xiangcheng mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke C.V.S.Gunatilleke mark.SAshton Department of Science and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Forest School Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Forestry and Environmental Science University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:No studies have documented long-term trends in aboveground biomass(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp forests(mDF),the dominant rain forest type in tropical wet equatorial *** our study,we sought to document such trends over forty years across three sites representing lowland to lower montane ***:To do this,we established fifty 100 m×25 m plots in 1978 across three sites sampled along an elevation gradient,identified as mature old-growth *** measured trees for diameter at breast height that we identified to species and *** took wood samples to calculate species wood-specific *** re-measured plots in 1998 and again in ***:We show standing AGB for all sites combined to be 517.52 mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this declined by 17%over 40 years to 430.11 mg·ha^(-1).No differences exist among sites in AGB primarily because of considerable within site variation;but interactions of time with site show declines across sites were not uniform,one remained about the *** few species represented a high proportion of the AGB with the top five species comprising between 34%and 65%,depending upon site and year *** species,mesua nagassarium,represented a disproportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our results are directly relevant to estimating AGB and standing carbon sequestered in *** study is the first to demonstrate varying but overall,declining trends in amounts of AGB among forests making predictions of biomass and standing carbon in mDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Western ghats Shorea spp. Southeast Asia Sri Lanka Tropical rain forest Wood specific gravity

What diameter?What height?Influence of measures of average tree size on area-based allometric volume relationships

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kershaw mark.J.Ducey Yuan Sun James B.mcCarter Integrated Forest mensuration and Systems Analysis Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Forestry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Scientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is an important attribute used in many forest management *** from 83 fixed-area plots located in central New Brunswick,Canada,are used to examine how different measures of stand-level diameter and height influence volume prediction using a stand-level variant of Honer's(1967)volume *** density was included in the models(Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Density))choice of diameter measure was more important than choice of height *** density was not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the opposite was *** models with density included,moment-based estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than all other *** models without density,largest tree estimators of stand diameter and height performed better than other *** overall best equation used quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's height,and density(root mean square error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The best equation without density used mean diameter of the largest trees needed to calculate a stand density index of 400 and the mean height of the tallest 400 trees per ha(root mean square error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The results of this study have some important implications for height subsampling and LiDAR-derived forest inventory analyses.

关键词： Allometric relationships Stand structure Volume estimation Stand-level attributes