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Differing profiles of people diagnosed with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in British Columbia,Canada

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第11期24卷 1216-1227页

作者： Mawuena Binka Zahid A Butt Stanley Wong Mei Chong Jane A Buxton Nuria Chapinal Amanda Yu Maria Alvarez Maryam Darvishian Jason Wong Gina McGowan Mikhail Torban mark Gilbert mark tyndall Mel Krajden Naveed Z Janjua British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Vancouver BC V5Z4R4Canada School of Population and Public Health University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6T1Z3Canada Division of Population and Public Health Ministry of HealthVictoria BC V8W9P1Canada Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver BC V6T1Z2Canada

AIM To describe the characteristics of people diagnosed with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in British Columbia(BC).METHODS We used data from the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort(BCHTC),which includes all individuals tested for hepatitis C virus(HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) or those diagnosed with HBV or active tuberculosis in BC since *** data were integrated with prescription drug,medical visit,hospitalization and mortality *** cases were classified as acute or chronic according to provincial *** compared characteristics of individuals by HBV infection group(acute,chronic and negative).Factors associated with acute or chronic HBV infection were assessed with multinomial logistic regression models in comparison to the HBV negative ***46498 of the 1058056 eligible BC-HTC participants were diagnosed with HBV infection.4.3% of HBV positive individuals were diagnosed with acute HBV infections while 95.7% had chronic *** alcohol use,injection drug use,and HIV or HCV co-infection were more common among individuals diagnosed with acute HBV compared to those with chronic infections and HBV negative *** multivariable multinomial logistic regression models,we observed significant associations between acute or chronic HBV diagnosis and being male,age at HBV diagnosis or birth cohort,South and East Asian ethnicity,HCV or HIV infection,and injection drug *** odds of acute HBV decreased with increasing age among people who inject drugs,while the opposite was true for chronic *** with acute HBV were predominantly White(78%) while those with chronic HBV were mostly East Asian(60%).Relative to Whites,East Asians had 12 times greater odds of being diagnosed with chronic HBV *** odds increased with increasing socioeconomic *** Differences in the profiles of people diagnosed with acute and chronic HBV infection necessitate differentiated screening,preven

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Ethnicity Drug use Acute hepatitis B BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort North America

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A 3D In-vitro model of the human dentine interface shows long-range osteoinduction from the dentine surface

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International Journal of Oral Science 2024年第2期16卷 225-237页

作者： William Macalester Asme Boussahel Rafael O.Moreno-Tortolero mark R.Shannon Nicola West Darryl Hill Adam Perriman School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine Biomedical Sciences BuildingUniversity of BristolUniversity WalkBristolUnited Kingdom Bristol Centre for Functional Nanomaterials HH Wills Physics LaboratoryUniversity of BristolTyndall AvenueBristolUnited Kingdom Centre for Protolife Research School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolCantocks CloseBristolUnited Kingdom Max Planck-Bristol Centre for Minimal Biology School of ChemistryUniversity of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom Periodontology Bristol Dental SchoolUniversity of BristolLower Maudlin StreetBristolUnited Kingdom

Emerging regenerative cell therapies for alveolar bone loss have begun to explore the use of cell laden hydrogels for minimally invasive surgery to treat small and spatially complex maxilla-oral ***,the oral cavity presents a unique and challenging environment for in vivo bone tissue engineering,exhibiting both hard and soft periodontal tissue as well as acting as key biocenosis for many distinct microbial communities that interact with both the external environment and internal body systems,which will impact on cell fate and subsequent treatment ***,we design and bioprint a facile 3D in vitro model of a human dentine interface to probe the effect of the dentine surface on human mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs)encapsulated in a microporous hydrogel *** demonstrate that the dentine substrate induces osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs,and that both dentine andβ-tricalcium phosphate substrates stimulate extracellular matrix production and maturation at the gel-media interface,which is distal to the gel-substrate *** findings demonstrate the potential for long-range effects on stem cells by mineralized surfaces during bone tissue engineering and provide a framework for the rapid development of 3D dentine-bone interface models.

关键词： interface den surface

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Evaluating the performance of nanostructured materials as lithium-ion battery electrodes

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 1-62页

作者： mark J. Armstrong Colm O'Dwyer William J. Macklin Justin. D. Holmes Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Applied Nanoscience Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructures and Nanodevices (CRANN) Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Nexeon Limited Abingdon Oxfordshire UK.

The performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily dependent on the ability of the host electrodes to accommodate and release Li＋ ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrode materials may define parameters such as cell potential and capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited by the rate of solid-state Li＋ diffusion. Increased diffusion rates in lithium-ion electrodes may be achieved through a reduction in the diffusion path, accomplished by a scaling of the respective electrode dimensions. In addition, some electrodes may undergo large volume changes associated with charging and discharging, the strain of which, may be better accommodated through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommodate such volume changes may lead to pulverisation of the local structure and a rapid loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the development of nanostructured lithium-ion battery architectures （both anode and cathode）, as drivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices.

关键词： lithium ion batteries nanostructuring anodes cathodes

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