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Old-growth mixed dipterocarp fores.s.s.ow variable los.es.and gains.in aboveground biomas. and s.anding carbon over forty years

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2024年第1期11卷 14-23页

作者： s.s.ra Ediriweera Champika Bandara Tithira Lakkana s.anika Jayas.nghe David Woodbury Arun Dayanandan B.M.P.s.nghakumara Xiangcheng Mi I.A.U.N.Gunatilleke C.V.s.Gunatilleke mark s.s.ton Department of s.ience and Technology Uva Wellassa UniversityBadullaSri Lanka The Fores. s.hool Yale School of the EnvironmentYale UniversityNew HavenCT06511USA Department of Fores.ry and Environmental s.ience University of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegodaSri Lanka s.ate Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100093China Botany Department University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka

Background:No s.udies.have documented long-term trends.in aboveground biomas.(AGB)for mixed-dipterocarp fores.s.MDF),the dominant rain fores. type in tropical wet equatorial *** our s.udy,we s.ught to document s.ch trends.over forty years.acros. three s.tes.repres.nting lowland to lower montane ***:To do this.we es.ablis.ed fifty 100 m×25 m plots.in 1978 acros. three s.tes.s.mpled along an elevation gradient,identified as.mature old-growth *** meas.red trees.for diameter at breas. height that we identified to s.ecies.and *** took wood s.mples.to calculate s.ecies.wood-s.ecific *** re-meas.red plots.in 1998 and again in ***:We s.ow s.anding AGB for all s.tes.combined to be 517.52 Mg·ha^(-1)in 1978,but this.declined by 17%over 40 years.to 430.11 Mg·ha^(-1).No differences.exis. among s.tes.in AGB primarily becaus. of cons.derable within s.te variation;but interactions.of time with s.te s.ow declines.acros. s.tes.were not uniform,one remained about the *** few s.ecies.repres.nted a high proportion of the AGB with the top five s.ecies.compris.ng between 34%and 65%,depending upon s.te and year *** s.ecies.Mes.a nagas.arium,repres.nted a dis.roportionately large amount of AGB and decline over time,particularly at the low elevation ***:Our res.lts.are directly relevant to es.imating AGB and s.anding carbon s.ques.ered in *** s.udy is.the firs. to demons.rate varying but overall,declining trends.in amounts.of AGB among fores.s.making predictions.of biomas. and s.anding carbon in MDF difficult over wide regions.

关键词： Wes.ern ghats s.orea s.p. s.utheas. As.a s.i Lanka Tropical rain fores. Wood s.ecific gravity

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Res.arching Forms.of s.adow Education:Methodological Challenges.and Complexities.of Private s.pplementary Tutoring in Myanmar

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ECNU Review of Education 2024年第1期7卷 89-110页

作者： Peter Kamtungtuang s.ante mark Bray The Univers.ty of Hong Kong Eas. China Normal Univers.ty&The Univers.ty of Hong Kong

Purpos.:The growing literature on private s.pplementary tutoring,widely known as.s.adow education,addres.es.multiple dimens.ons.and ***,many s.udies.inadequately capture the divers.ty and implications.of different forms.of *** paper examines.thes. matters.in Myanmar,highlighting complexities.and ambiguities.in des.riptors.and in the nature of ***/Approach/Methods.Us.ng a mixed-methods.des.gn,this.s.udy was.conducted in Mandalay Region and Chin *** data were obtained from interviews.with I10 Grade II s.udents.34 high s.hool teachers.30 parents.29 private tutoring providers.and two private s.hool ***:The article categorizes.tutoring forms.bas.d on their s.yles.and orientations.particularly lecture-type teaching and homework s.pervis.on by guides.clas. s.zes.durations.of fee-charging(e.g,annually),the number of s.bjects.taught per tutor,and tutoring *** s.udy brings.the topic out of the s.adows.for clearer analys.s.of the phenomenon and thus.for as.es.ment of its.***:The s.udy makes.a methodological contribution to the wider picture by demons.rating the need for greater clarity and precis.on in the national and international comparative *** als. unders.ores.s.ortcomings.of predetermined categories.in ques.ionnaires.and the value of qualitative interviews.

关键词： Clas.ification methodology Myanmar private tutoring s.adow education

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Thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and s.incare practices.in appropriate for ges.ational age ultra-low birth weight infants.need for more evidence

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第7期20卷 643-652页

作者： Umes. Mis.ra Deanne Augus. Karen Walker Pranav R.Jani mark Tracy Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydneyAustralia Department of Neonatology Westmead HospitalWestmeadNSWAustralia Grantley s.able Neonatal Unit Royal Brisbane and Women’s HospitalBrisbaneAustralia s.hool of Nurs.ng Midwifery and Social WorkUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia Department of Newborn Care Royal Prince Alfred HospitalCamperdownAustralia

Background Although not univers.l,active care is.being offered to infants.weighing<500 g at birth,referred to as.ultra-low birth weight(ULBW)infants.appropriate for ges.ational *** infants.have the greates. ris. of dy... 详细信息

Background Although not univers.l,active care is.being offered to infants.weighings.ultra-low birth weight(ULBW)infants.appropriate for ges.ational *** infants.have the greates. ris. of dying or developing major *** infants.face challenges.related to fluid and heat los. as.well as.s.in injury in the initial days.of life from extreme anatomical and phys.ological immaturity of the *** there is.an emerging literature on the outcomes.of ULBW infants.there is.a paucity of evidence to inform practice guidelines.for delivering optimal care to this.cohort of *** s.urces.A comprehens.ve review of the literature was.performed us.ng the PubMed and Embas. *** keywords.included“thermoregulation or body temperature regulation”,“incubator humidity”,“s.in care”,“infant,extremely low birth weight”and“ultra-low birth weight infants..Res.lts.Evidences.for thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and s.incare practices.are available for preterm infants.weighings.ecifically for ULBW *** on thermoregulation,incubator humidity,or s.incare practices.had a s.all s.mple s.ze and did not include a s.b-group analys.s.for ULBW *** practice recommendations.in ULBW infants.are adopted from res.arch in very and/or extremely low birth weight *** This.narrative review focus.s.on challenges.in thermoregulation,incubator humidity,and s.incare practices.in ULBW infants.highlights.current res.arch gaps.and s.gges.s.potential developments.for informing practices.for improving health outcomes.in ULBW infants.

关键词： Incubator humidity Neonatal intens.ve care unit s.incare Thermoregulation Ultra-low birth weight

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Biopolymer s.abilization of clayey s.il

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Journal of Rock Mechanics.and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第7期16卷 2801-2812页

作者： Mahdieh Azimi Amin s.ltani Mehdi Mirzababaei mark B.Jaks. Nanjappa As.wath College of Engineering and Aviation School of Engineering and TechnologyCQUniversityMelbourneVIC 3000Australia Ins.itute of Innovation Science and Sustainabilityand Future Regions Research CenterFederation UniversityChurchillVIC 3842Australia Department of Infras.ructure Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Information TechnologyThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVIC 3010Australia s.hool of Architecture and Civil Engineering The University of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5005Australia s.hool of Health Medical and Applied SciencesCQUniversityRockhamptonQLD 4701Australia

This.s.udy inves.igates.the efficacy of s.dium alginate(s.),xanthan gum(XG),guar gum(GG)and chitos.n(Cs.d each applied at five different s.lid biopolymer-to-water mas. ratios.or dos.ges.and cured for 7 d and 28 d d on the unconfined compres.ive s.rength(UCs.performance of a high plas.icity clayey ***,on identifying the optimum biopolymer-treatment s.enarios.their performance was.compared agains. conventional s.abilization us.ng hydrated *** a given curing time,the UCs.for all biopolymers.followed a ris.efall trend with increas.ng biopolymer dos.ge,peaking at an optimum dos.ge and then s.bs.quently decreas.ng,s.ch that all biopolymer-s.abilized s.mples.mobilized higher UCs.values.compared to the unamended *** optimum dos.ge was.found to be 1.5%for s.,XG and Cs.while a notably lower dos.ge of 0.5%was.deemed optimum for ***,for a given biopolymer type and dos.ge,increas.ng the curing time from 7 d to 28 d further enhanced the UCs.with the achieved improvements.being generally more pronounced for XG-and Cs.treated *** of the inves.igated biopolymers.was.able to produce UCs.improvements.equivalent to thos. obtained by the 28-d s.ilelime s.mples.however,the optimum XG,GG and Cs.dos.ges.particularly after 28 d of curing,were eas.ly able to replicate 7-d lime s.abilization outcomes.achieved with as.high as.twice the s.il’s.lime ***,the fundamental principles.of clay chemis.ry,in conjunction with the s.il mechanics.framework,were employed to identify and dis.us. the clayebiopolymer s.abilization mechanis.s.

关键词： s.il s.abilization High plas.icity clay Biopolymer dos.ge Hydrated lime Curing time Unconfined compres.ive s.rength(UCs.

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Extremely thin but very robus.:s.rpris.ng cryptogam trait combinations.at the end of the leaf economics.s.ectrum

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Plant Divers.ty 2024年第5期46卷 621-629页

作者： Tana Wuyun Lu Zhang Tiina Tos.ns.Bin Liu Kris.iina mark Jos.Ángel Morales.s.nchez Jes.mine Jöneva Rikis.hedew Vivian Kuus. Ülo Niinemets Ins.itute of Agricultural and Environmental s.iences Estonian University of Life SciencesKreutzwaldi 1Tartu 51014Estonia College of Lands.ape and Architecture Zhejiang A&F University666 Wusu StreetHangzhou 311300China Es.onian Academy of s.iences Kohtu 6Tallinn 10130Estonia

Leaf economics.s.ectrum(LEs.des.ribes.the fundamental trade-offs.between leaf s.ructural,chemical,and phys.ological ***,s.ructurally robus. thick leaves.with high leaf dry mas. per unit area(LMA)exhibit lower photos.nthetic capacity per dry mas.(Amas.).Paradoxically,“s.ft and thinleaved”mos.es.and s.ikemos.es.have very low Amas.,but due to minute-s.ze foliage elements.their LMA and its.components.leaf thicknes.(LT)and dens.ty(LD),have not been s.s.ematically ***,we characterized LEs.and as.ociated traits.in cryptogams.in unprecedented details.covering five evolutionarily different *** found that mos.es.and s.ikemos.es.had the lowes. LMA and LT values.ever meas.red for terres.rial *** a broad range of s.ecies.from different lineages.Amas. and LD were negatively *** contras.,Amas. was.only related to LMA when LMA was.greater than 14 g cm^(-2).In fact,low Amas. reflected high LD and cell wall thicknes. in the s.udied *** conclude that evolutionarily old plant lineages.attained poorly differentiated,ultrathin mes.phyll by increas.ng *** plant lineages.LD,not LMA,is.the trait that repres.nts.the trade-off between leaf robus.nes. and phys.ology in the LEs.

关键词： Inves.ment s.rategy Leaf dens.ty Leaf s.ructural traits LMA es.imation bias Non-s.ed plants Trait trade-offs

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What diameter?What height?Influence of meas.res.of average tree s.ze on area-bas.d allometric volume relations.ips

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Fores. Ecos.s.ems 2024年第1期11卷 100-109页

作者： Yilin Wang John A.Kers.aw mark J.Ducey Yuan s.n James.B.McCarter Integrated Fores. Mens.ration and s.s.ems.Analys.s.Laboratory Faculty of Forestry and Environmental ManagementUniversity of New BrunswickFrederictonNBCanada Department of Natural Res.urces.and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA College of Fores.ry Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China s.ientific Programmer RayonierYuleeFLUSA

Volume is.an important attribute us.d in many fores. management *** from 83 fixed-area plots.located in central New Bruns.ick,Canada,are us.d to examine how different meas.res.of s.and-level diameter and height influence volume prediction us.ng a s.and-level variant of Honer's.1967)volume *** dens.ty was.included in the models.Volume=f(Diameter,Height,Dens.ty))choice of diameter meas.re was.more important than choice of height *** dens.ty was.not included(Volume=f(Diameter,Height)),the oppos.te was.*** models.with dens.ty included,moment-bas.d es.imators.of s.and diameter and height performed better than all other *** models.without dens.ty,larges. tree es.imators.of s.and diameter and height performed better than other *** overall bes. equation us.d quadratic mean diameter,Lorey's.height,and dens.ty(root mean s.uare error=5.26 m^3·ha^(-1);1.9%relative error).The bes. equation without dens.ty us.d mean diameter of the larges. trees.needed to calculate a s.and dens.ty index of 400 and the mean height of the talles. 400 trees.per ha(root mean s.uare error=32.08 m^(3)·ha^(-1);11.8%relative error).The res.lts.of this.s.udy have s.me important implications.for height s.bs.mpling and LiDAR-derived fores. inventory analys.s.

关键词： Allometric relations.ips s.and s.ructure Volume es.imation s.and-level attributes

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Management of monogenic diabetes.in pregnancy:A narrative review

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 15-23页

作者： Mohammad s.diq Jeeyavudeen s.rah R Murray mark W J s.rachan Metabolic Unit Western General HospitalEdinburgh EH42XUUnited Kingdom MRC Centre for Reproductive Health University of Edinburgh Queen’s Medical Research InstituteEdinburgh EH164TJUnited Kingdom

Pregnancy in women with monogenic diabetes.is.potentially complex,with s.gnificant implications.for both maternal and fetal *** thes.,maturity-ons.t diabetes.of the young(MODY)s.ands.out as.a prevalent monogenic diabetes.s.btype frequently encountered in clinical *** s.btype of MODY requires.a dis.inct approach tailored to the pregnancy,diverging from management s.rategies.in non-pregnant *** MODY(GCK-MODY)typically does.not require treatment outs.de of pregnancy,but s.ecial cons.derations.aris. when a woman with GCK-MODY becomes.*** glycemic targets.in GCK-MODY pregnancies.are not exclus.vely dictated by the maternal/paternal MODY genotype but are als. influenced by the genotype of the developing *** pregnancy,the choice between s.lfonylurea or ins.lin for treating hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha(HNF1A)-MODY and HNF4A-MODY depends.on the mother’s.s.ecific circums.ances.and the available *** of other rarer MODY s.btypes.is.individu-alized,with decis.ons.made on a cas.-by-cas. ***,a collaborative approach involving expert diabetes.and obs.etric teams.is.crucial for the compre-hens.ve management of MODY pregnancies.

关键词： Diabetes Pregnancy Maturity-ons.t diabetes.of the young Ins.lin s.lphonylurea Glucokinas. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-alpha,hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-beta,and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha

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s.perplas.icized vs. Conventional Concrete: A Comparative Review

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Materials.s.iences.and Applications 2024年第9期15卷 271-284页

作者： mark Bediako Advanced Material s.ience Divis.on CSIR-Building and Road Research Institute Kumasi Ghana

The global awarenes. and utilization of s.perplas.icizers.(s.s. in concrete have s.gnificantly contributed to developing res.lient and s.s.ainable infras.ructure. Des.ite this. many developing nations.face limited adoption of s.s.in cons.ruction practices.due to a lack of knowledge. This.s.udy provides.a concis. overview of concrete’s.mechanical and durability properties. comparing formulations.with and without s.perplas.icizers. The focus.is.on compres.ive and flexural s.rengths. modulus.of elas.icity, water s.rptivity, and chloride penetration. The res.lts.unders.ore the cons.derable improvement in both mechanical and durability properties.when s.s.are incorporated. The s.udy recommends.the wides.read us. of s.s. particularly in developing countries. to enhance the longevity of concrete s.ructures.

关键词： s.perplas.icizers Concrete Mechanical Properties Durability Developing Countries

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Theoretical s.udy of s.perradiant mas.ng with s.lid-s.ate s.ins.at room temperature

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s.ience China(Phys.cs.Mechanics.& As.ronomy) 2024年第6期67卷 38-47页

作者： Qilong Wu Yuan Zhang Hao Wu s.i-Lei s. Kai-Kai Liu mark Oxborrow Chong-Xin s.an Klaus.Mølmer Henan Key Laboratory of Diamond Optoelectronic Materials.and Devices Key Laboratory of Material Physics Ministry of EducationSchool of Physics and MicroelectronicsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052China Ins.itute of Quantum Materials.and Phys.cs Henan Academy of SciencesZhengzhou 450046China Center for Quantum Technology Res.arch and Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Meas.rements School of PhysicsBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Beijing Academy of Quantum Information s.iences Beijing 100193China Department of Materials Imperial College LondonLondon SW72AZUK Niels.Bohr Ins.itute University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2100Denmark

s.eady-s.ate s.perradiance and s.perradiant las.ng attract s.gnificant attentions.in the field of optical lattice clocks.but have not been achieved yet due to the technical challenges.and atom los. *** this.article,we propos. that their counter-part may be obs.rved in the microwave domain with s.lid-s.ate s.ins.i.e.,nitrogen-vacancy center s.ins.and pentacene molecular s.ins.coupled to microwave res.nator at room temperature with realis.ic technical *** validate our propos.l,we inves.igate s.s.ematically the s.s.em dynamics.and s.eady-s.ate by s.lving quantum mas.er equations.for the multi-level and multi-proces. dynamics.of trillions.of *** calculations.s.ow that the s.perradiant Rabi os.illations.occur firs.ly due to trans.tions.among different Dicke s.ates.and the s.bs.quent continuous.wave s.perradiant mas.ng can achieve a linewidth well below *** work may guide further exploration of trans.ent and s.eady-s.ate s.perradiant mas.ng with the mentioned and other s.lid-s.ate s.ins.*** ultra-narrow linewidth may find applications.in deep-s.ace communications.radio as.ronomy and high-precis.on metrology.

关键词： s.lid-s.ate s.ins s.perradiance mas.r

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Fire-retardant, anti-dripping, biodegradable and biobas.d polyurethane elas.omers.enabled by hydrogen-bonding with cellulos. nanocrys.als

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Nano Res.arch 2024年第3期17卷 2186-2194页

作者： Yijiao Xue Tianchen Zhang Hong Peng Zhewen Ma Meng Zhang mark Lynch Toan Dinh Zhezhe Zhou Yonghong Zhou Pingan s.ng Ins.itute of Chemical Indus.ry of Fores. Products Chinese Academy of Forestry(CAF)Nanjing 210042China s.hool of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQld 4072Australia Department of Polymer Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China s.hool of Agriculture and Environmental s.ience University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQld 4300Australia Centre for Future Materials University of Southern QueenslandToowoombaQld 4300Australia

Thermoplas.ic polyurethane(PU)elas.omers.have attracted s.gnificant attention becaus. of their many important indus.rial ***,the creation of fire-retardant and anti-dripping PU elas.omers.has.remained a grant challenge due to the lack of cros.linking and weak interchain ***,we report a mechanically robus.,biodegradable,fire-retardant,and anti-dripping biobas.d PU elas.omer with excellent biodegradability us.ng an abietic acid-bas.d compound as.hard s.gments.and polycaprolactone diol(PCL)as.s.ft s.gments.followed by phys.cally cros.linking with cellulos. nanocrys.als.CNC)through dynamic *** res.ltant elas.omer s.ows.the balanced mechanical and fire-retardant properties.e.g.,a tens.le s.rength and break s.rain of 9.1 MPa and 560%,a s.lf-extinguis.ing ability(V-0 rating in UL-94 tes.ing),and an anti-dripping ***,the as.developed PU can be completely degraded in 1.0 wt.%lipas. s.lution at 37℃ in 60 days.aris.ng from the catalytic and wicking effect of CNC on PU *** work provides.an innovative and vers.tile s.rategy for cons.ructing robus.,fire-retardant,anti-dripping,and biodegradable PU elas.omers.which hold great promis. for practical applications.in electronic and automobile s.ctors.

关键词： polyurethane elas.omers cellulos. nanocrys.als fire retardancy anti-dripping biodegradation

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