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A diagnosis with a twist:Ultrasonographic sensitivity and predictors of pediatric ovarian torsion within a large pediatric hospital

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World journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第3期13卷 229-231页

作者： mark K.Hewitt jesse E.Marshall-Sheppard April j.Kam Department of Medicine Division of Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton L8S 4L8Canada Department of Family Medicine University of TorontoToronto M5S1A1Canada Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Emergency MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamilton 8S 4L8Canada

The diagnosis of ovarian torsion(OT)in girls is challenging compared to that of testicular torsion in boys for many reasons,but it behooves the medical community to continue to strive to better identify this uncommon but clinically important pathology^([1]) OT occurs when the ovary and associated structures rotate around its vascular pedicle,leading to eventually irreversible necrosis.^([2,3])Studies attempting to identify clinical features for early diagnosis have not reached a consensus on the best clinical predictors of this condition,making radiographic imaging of the ovaries even more crucial.^([4,5])

关键词： diagnosis pediatric torsion

Statistical variability and fragility assessment of ballistic perforation of steel plates for 7.62 mm AP ammunition

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第3期16卷 503-513页

作者： mark G.Stewart Michael DNetherton Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability The University of NewcastleNew South Wales2038Australia

The paper describes field test results of 7.62×51 mm M61 AP(armour piercing) ammunition fired into mild steel targets at an outdoor *** targets varied from 10 mm to 32 mm in *** tests recorded penetration depth,probability of perforation(i.e.,complete penetration),muzzle and impact velocities,bullet mass,and plate yield strength and *** measured penetration depth exhibited a variability of approximately±12%.The paper then compared ballistic test results with predictive models of steel penetration depth and thickness to prevent *** parameters were derived for muzzle and impact velocity,bullet mass,plate thickness,plate hardness,and model error.A Monte-Carlo probabilistic analysis was then developed to estimate the probability of plate perforation of 7.62 mm M61 AP ammunition for a range of impact velocities,and for mild steels,and High Hardness Armour(HHA) *** perforation fragility analysis considered the random variability of impact velocity,bullet mass,plate thickness,plate hardness,and model *** a probabilistic analysis allows for reliability-based design,where,for example,the plate thickness with 95% reliability(*** 1 in 20 shots will penetrate the wall) can be estimated knowing the probabilistic distribution of ***,it was found that the plate thickness to ensure a low 5% probability of perforation needs to be 11-15% thicker than required to have a 50/50 chance of perforation for mild steel *** would need to be 20-30% thicker if probability of perforation is reduced to zero.

关键词： Ballistics Probability Statistics Steel plates Armour steel Ammunition Experimental Perforation

A Class Effect Network Meta-analysis of Lipid Modulation in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis for Dyslipidemia

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journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2022年第6期10卷 1042-1049页

作者： jieling Xiao Cheng-Han Ng Yip-Han Chin Darren jun Hao Tan Wen-Hui Lim Grace Lim jingxuan Quek Ansel Shao Pin Tang Kai-en Chan Rou-Yi Soong Nicholas Chew Benjamin Tay Daniel Q.Huang Nobuharu Tamaki Roger Foo mark Y.Chan Mazen Noureddin Mohammad Shadab Siddiqui Arun j.Sanyaland mark D.Muthiah Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of SingaporeSingapore Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nan-yang Technological UniversitySingapore Department of Cardiology National University Heart CenterNational University HospitalSingapore Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of MedicineNational University HospitalSingaporeSingapore National University Center for Organ Transplantation National University Health SystemSingapore NAFLD Research Center Division of Gastroenterology and HepatologyDepartment of MedicineUniversity of California at San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Musashino Red Cross HospitalTokyoJapan Cedars-Sinai Fatty Liver Program Division of Digestive and Liver DiseasesDepartment of MedicineComprehen-sive Transplant CenterCedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionDepartment of Internal MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA

Background and Aims:Pharmaceutical therapy for NASH is associated with lipid modulation,but the consensus on drug treatment is limited and lacks comparative analysis of effectiveness.A network meta-analysis was conducted to compare NASH drug classes in lipid ***:Online databases were searched for randomized controlled trails(RCTs)evaluating NASH treatments in biopsy-proven NASH *** were classified into four groups:(1)inflammation,(2)energy,(3)bile acids,and(4)fibro-sis based on the mechanism of action.A Bayesian network analysis was conducted with outcome measured by mean difference(MD)with credible intervals(Crl)and surface un-der the cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Results:Forty-four RCTs were included in the *** acid modulat-ing treatments(MD:0.05,Crl:0.03-0.07)were the best treatment for improvement in high-density lipid(HDL)cho-lesterol,followed by treatments modulating energy(MD:0.03,Crl:0.02-0.04)and fibrosis(MD:0.01,Crl:−0.12 to 0.14)compared with *** top three treatments for reduction in triglycerides were treatments modulating energy(MD:−0.46,Crl:−0.49 to−0.43),bile acids(MD:−0.22,Crl:−0.35 to−0.09),and inflammation(MD:−0.08,Crl:−0.13 to−0.03)compared with *** found treatment modulating fibrosis(MD:−1.27,Crl:−1.76 to−0.79)was the best treatment for reduction in low-density lipid(LDL)cholesterol followed by treatment modulating in-flammation(MD:−1.03,Crl:−1.09 to−0.97)and energy(MD:−0.37,Crl:−0.39 to−0.34)compared with placebo,but LDL cholesterol was worsened by treatments modulat-ing bile ***:Network analysis comparing the class effects of dyslipidemia modulation in NASH found that treatment targets can include optimization of athero-genic *** studies are required to evaluate the cardiovascular outcomes.

关键词： Lipid modulation NASH Dyslipidemia

Updates on the pathologic diagnosis and classification of mesothelioma

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journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2022年第1期8卷 197-209页

作者： julia R.Farkas mark Sharobim jefree j.Schulte Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of WisconsinMadisonWI 53792USA

Mesothelioma is a rare malignant tumor of the serosal membranes that can be challenging to diagnose,especially on small biopsy *** are updated guidelines on the diagnosis and classification of mesothelioma,which incorporate advancements in understanding mesothelioma biology published in the literature over recent *** review will discuss marked developments and/or improvements that have been made,including:(1)to the histologic classifications of mesothelioma;(2)the use of such classifications and nuclear grading in prognosis;(3)the indispensability of ancillary studies in the diagnosis of mesothelioma;(4)the application of these pleural based classifications and diagnostic schemes in peritoneal mesothelioma;and(5)the potential for diagnosis of mesothelioma in situ.

关键词： Mesothelioma BRCA associated peptide 1(BAP1) methylthioadenosine phosphorylase(MTAP) nuclear grading mesothelioma in situ

Numerical modelling of high-temperature superconducting dynamos:A review

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Superconductivity 2023年第1期5卷 1-16页

作者： mark D Ainslie Department of engineering King’s College LondonStrandLondon WC2R 2LSUnited Kingdom

The high‐temperature superconducting(HTS)dynamo enables injection of large DC currents into a superconducting coil,without the need for thermally‐inefficient current *** of this important advantage,there is significant interest in using such technology to energise superconducting coils in superconducting rotating machines and NMR/MRI *** the extensive experimental work carried out over the past decade,there was–until very recently–considerable confusion and debate regarding the physical origin of the HTS dynamo’s DC output *** modelling has played a key role in elucidating the underlying physics of such devices and several different numerical models have now been developed as useful and cost‐effective tools to not only explain and further examine experimental results,but also optimise and improve dynamo *** review summarises all of the developments in this important area over recent years,including modelling the open‐circuit voltage behaviour in 2D and 3D,the definition of a new benchmark problem for the HTS modelling community,investigating key dynamo parameters,modelling dynamic coil charging behaviour and calculating losses.A view towards the future is provided,including the outstanding challenges and the developments required to address these.

关键词： HTS modelling HTS dynamo HTS flux pump High temperature superconductors Numerical simulation Finite‐element method

Extrapolating plot-scale CO_(2) and ozone enrichment experimental results to novel conditions and scales using mechanistic modeling

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 348-367页

作者： Eric j.Gustafson mark E.Kubiske Brian R.Miranda Yasutomo Hoshika Elena Paoletti Institute for Applied Ecosystem Studies Northern Research StationUSDA Forest Service5985 Highway KRhinelanderWIUSA Institute of Sustainable Plant Protection National Council of ResearchVia Madonna del Piano 1050019 Sesto FiorentinoItaly

Introduction:The Aspen-FACE experiment was an 11-year study of the effect of elevated CO_(2) and ozone(alone and in combination)on the growth of model aspen communities(pure aspen,aspen-birch,and aspen-maple)in the field in northern Wisconsin,*** remains about how these short-term plotlevel responses might play out over broader temporal and spatial scales where climate change,competition,succession,and disturbances interact with tree-level *** this study,we used a new physiologybased approach(PnET-Succession v3.1)within the forest landscape model LANDIS-II to extrapolate the FACE results to broader temporal scales(and ultimately to landscape scale)by mechanistically accounting for the globally changing drivers of temperature,precipitation,CO_(2),and *** added novel algorithms to the model to mechanistically simulate the effects of ozone on photosynthesis through ozone-induced impairment of stomatal control(i.e.,stomatal sluggishness)and damage of photosynthetic capacity at the chloroplast ***:We calibrated the model to empirical observations of competitive interactions on the elevated CO_(2) and O_(3) plots of the Aspen-FACE experiment and successfully validated it on the combined factor *** used the validated model to extend the Aspen-FACE experiment for 80 *** only aspen clones competed,we found that clone 271 always dominated,although the ozone-tolerant clone was co-dominant when ozone was *** all treatments,when aspen clone 216 and birch competed,birch was always dominant or co-dominant,and when clone 216 and maple competed,clone 216 was dominant,although maple was able to grow steadily because of its shade *** also predicted long-term competitive outcomes for novel assemblages of taxa under each treatment and discovered that future composition and dominant taxa depend on treatment,and that short-term trends do not always persist in the long ***:We identified the strengths and weakne

关键词： Scaling Global change Elevated CO_(2) Ozone pollution Aspen-FACE Forest composition Carbon dynamics Forest landscape modeling LANDIS-II PnET-succession

An artificial neural network emulator of the rangeland hydrology and erosion model

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第2期12卷 241-257页

作者： Mahmoud Saeedimoghaddam Grey Nearing Mariano Hernandez mark A.Nearing David C.Goodrich Loretta j.Metz Department of Land Air&Water ResourcesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCAUSA Google Research Mountain ViewCAUSA USDA-Agricultural Research Service Southwest Watershed Research CenterTucsonAZUSA USDA-NRCS Resource Inventory and Assessment Divisionxo CEAP-Grazing LandsTucsonAZUSA

Machine learning(ML)is becoming an ever more important tool in hydrologic *** studies have shown the higher prediction accuracy of those ML models over traditional process-based ***,there is another advantage of ML which is its lower computational *** is important for the applications such as hydraulic soil erosion estimation over a large area and at a finer spatial *** traditional models like Rangeland Hydrology and Erosion Model(RHEM)requires too much computation time and *** this study,we designed an Artificial Neural Network that is able to recreate the RHEM outputs(annual average runoff,soil loss,and sediment yield and not the daily storm event-based values)with high accuracy(Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency≈1.0)and a very low computational time(13 billion times faster on average using a GPU).We ran the RHEM for more than a million synthetic scenarios and train the Emulator with *** also,fine-tuned the trained Emulator with the RHEM runs of the real-world scenarios(more than 32,000)so the Emulator remains comprehensive while it works specifically accurately for the real-world *** also showed that the sensitivity of the Emulator to the input variables is similar to the RHEM and it can effectively capture the changes in the RHEM outputs when an input variable ***,the dynamic prediction behavior of the Emulator is statistically similar to the RHEM.

关键词： RHEM Sediment yield Soil loss Runoff Deep learning

Laboratory investigation of the anisotropic confinement-dependent brittle-ductile transition of a Utah coal

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2021年第1期31卷 51-57页

作者： Bo-Hyun Kim mark K.Larson Mine Safety Branch CDC/NIOSH/SMRDSpokaneWA 99207USA

This paper was developed as part of an effort by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH)to identify risk factors associated with bumps in the prevention of fatalities and accidents in highly stressed,bump-prone ground *** of failure mechanism with increasing confinement,from extensional-to shear-dominated failure,are widely observed in the rupture of intact specimens at the laboratory scale and in rock *** the previous analysis conducted in 2018,both unconfined and triaxial compressive tests were conducted to investigate the strength characteristics of some specimens of a Utah coal,including the spalling limits,the ratio of apparent unconfined compressive strength(AUCS)to unconfined compressive strength(UCS),the damage characteristics,and the postyield *** mechanical characteristics were found to be strongly anisotropic as a function of the orientation of the cleats relative to the loading ***,the transition from extensional to shear failure at the given confinements was not clearly *** this study,a total of 20 specimens were additionally prepared from the same coal sample used in the previous study and then tested under both unconfined and triaxial compressive *** different confining stresses are used as analogs for different width-to-height(W/H)ratios of pillar *** the W/H ratios of the specimens were not directly considered during testing,the equivalent W/H ratios of a pillar as a function of the confining stresses were estimated using an existing empirical *** to this relationship,theW/H atwhich in-situ pillar behavior would be expected to transition from brittle to ductile is identified.

关键词： Bump-prone ground conditions A Utah coal Anisotropic Equivalent W/H ratios of a pillar

Geologic data collection and assessment techniques in coal mining for ground control

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International journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 131-139页

作者： mark Van Dyke Ted Klemetti joe Wickline NIOSH Pittsburgh15236 PAUSA Coronado Global Resources Inc. BeckleyWVUSA

The identification and mitigation of adverse geologic conditions are critical to the safety and productivity of underground coal mining *** anticipate and mitigate adverse geologic conditions,a formal method to evaluate geotechnical factors must be *** mine is unique and has its own separate approach for defining what an adverse geological condition consists *** collection of geologic data is a first critical step to creating a geological database to map these hazards efficiently and *** considerations must be taken into account,such as lithology of immediate roof and floor strata,seam height,gas and oil wells,faults,depressions in the mine floor(water)and increases in floor elevation(gas),overburden,streams and horizontal stress directions,amongst many other *** geologic data is collected,it can be refined and integrated into a database that can be used to develop maps showing the trend,orientation,and extent of the adverse geological *** information,delivered in a timely manner,allows mining personnel to be proactive in mine planning and support implementations,ultimately reducing the impacts of these *** paper covers geologic exploratory methods,data organization,and the value of collecting and interpreting geologic information in coal mines to enhance safety and *** implementation of the methods described above has been proven effective in predicting and mitigating adverse geologic conditions in underground coal *** re-evaluation of data collection methods,geologic interpretations,mapping procedures,and communication techniques ensures continuous improvement in the accuracy of predictions and mitigation of adverse geologic *** a concise record of the work previously done to track geologic conditions at a mine will allow for the smoothest transition during employee turnover and *** refinements and standardization of data collection methods,

关键词： Roof control Database Mapping Hazards Geology