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Detecting subtle yet fast skeletal muscle contractions with ultrasoft and durable graphene-based cellular materials

National Science Review 2022年第4期9卷 105-115页

作者： Zijun He Zheng Qi Huichao Liu Kangyan Wang Leslie Roberts jefferson Z.Liu Yilun Liu Stephen j.Wang mark j.cook George P.Simon Ling Qiu Dan Li Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Melbourne Department of Materials Science and Engineering Monash University Department of Chemical Engineering Monash University State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures School of Aerospace EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong University Neurophysiology Department Department of Neurology and Neurological ResearchSt Vincent's Hospital Department of Medicine St.Vincent's HospitalUniversity of Melbourne Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Melbourne Department of Design Monash University School of Design The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen InstituteTsinghua University

Human bodily movements are primarily controlled by the contractions of skeletal muscles. Unlike joint or skeletal movements that are generally performed in the large displacement range, the contractions of the skeletal muscles that underpin these movements are subtle in intensity yet high in frequency. This subtlety of movement makes it a formidable challenge to develop wearable and durable so?t materials to electrically monitor such motions with high fidelity for the purpose of, for example, muscle/neuromuscular disease diagnosis. Here we report that an intrinsically fragile ultralow-density graphene-based cellular monolith sandwiched between silicone rubbers can exhibit a highly effective stress and strain transfer mechanism at its interface with the rubber, with a remarkable improvement in stretchability(>100%). In particular, this hybrid also exhibits a highly sensitive, broadband-frequency electrical response(up to 180 Hz) for a wide range of strains. By correlating the mechanical signal of muscle movements obtained from this hybrid material with electromyography, we demonstrate that the strain sensor based on this hybrid material may provide a new, so?t and wearable mechanomyography approach for real-time monitoring of complex neuromuscular–skeletal interactions in a broad range of healthcare and human–machine interface applications. This work also provides a new architecture-enabled functional so?t material platform for wearable electronics.

关键词： cellular graphene strain sensors high-frequency electromechanical property surface mechanomyography skeletal muscle activity

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Evaluation of an automated spike-and-wave complex detection algorithm in the EEG from a rat model of absence epilepsy

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Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第5期31卷 601-610页

作者： Sebastien H.Bauquier Alan Lai jonathan L.jiang Yi Sui mark j.cook Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Melbourne Department of Clinical Neurosciences St Vincent's Hospital Faculty of Medicine The University of Melbourne Department of Neurology Shenyang First People's Hospital

The aim of this prospective blinded study was to evaluate an automated algorithm for spike-andwave discharge（SWD） detection applied to EEGs from genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg（GAERS）.Five GAERS underwent four sessions of 20-min EEG *** EEG was manually analyzed for SWDs longer than one second by two investigators and automatically using an algorithm developed in MATLAB（？）.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value（PPV）,and negative predictive value（NPV） were calculated for the manual（reference） versus the automatic（test） *** results showed that the algorithm had specificity,sensitivity,PPV and NPV 〉94%,comparable to published methods that are based on analyzing EEG changes in the frequency *** provides a good alternative as a method designed to mimic human manual marking in the time domain.

关键词： GAERS seizure detection epilepsy

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Estimates for Lyme borreliosis infections based on models using sentinel canine and human seroprevalence data

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2020年第1期5卷 871-888页

作者： Michael j.cook Basant K.Puri Vis a Vis Symposiums Bury St EdmundsUK CAR CambridgeUK

Two models were developed to estimate Lyme borreliosis(LB)*** was based on the seroprevalence of Borrelia infections in human *** model used corrections for false negative and false positive results from published test sensitivity and specificity measures.A second model based on Borrelia infections in sentinel dogs was used to quantify the prevalence of Lyme disease Borrelia infections in humans;the reference baseline for this model was human and canine infections in Germany.A comparison of the two models is shown and differences *** relationships between incidence,prevalence and total infection burden for LB were derived from published data and these were used in both models to calculate annual incidence,prevalence and total LB *** modelling was conservative and based on medical insurance records coded for erythema *** model growth rates were used in place of the commonly adopted exponential *** mean of the two models was used to create estimates for various countries and *** from the analyses for LB estimated for 2018 include:incidence e USA 473,000/year,Germany 471,000/year,France 434,000/year and UK 132,000/year;prevalence e USA 2.4 million,Germany 2.4 million,France 2.2 million and UK 667,000;total infections e USA 10.1 million,Germany 10.0 million,France 9.3 million and UK 2.8 *** for the world for 2018 are:incidence 12.3 million/year;prevalence 62.1 million;and total infection burden 262.0 *** figures are far higher than officially published data and reflect not only the underestimation of diagnosed cases,which is acknowledged by health agencies,but also undiagnosed and misdiagnosed cases.

关键词： Lyme disease Borreliosis Linear regression models Seropositive Companion animals Sentinel animals

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Resistance to ERK1/2 pathway inhibitors;sweet spots,fitness deficits and drug addiction

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第2期2卷 365-380页

作者： Matthew j.Sale Kathryn Balmanno Simon j.cook Signalling Programme The Babraham InstituteBabraham Research CampusCambridge CB223ATUK

MEK1/2 inhibitors are clinically approved for the treatment of BRAF-mutant melanoma,where they are used in combination with BRAF inhibitors,and are undergoing evaluation in other *** resistance to MEK1/2 inhibitors,including selumetinib(AZD6244/ARRY-142866),can arise through amplification of BRAF^(V600E) or KRAS^(G13D) to reinstate ERK1/2 *** have found that BRAF^(V600E) amplification and selumetinib resistance are fully reversible following drug *** is because resistant cells with BRAF^(V600E) amplification become addicted to selumetinib to maintain a precise level of ERK1/2 signalling(2%-3%of total ERK1/2 active),that is optimal for cell proliferation and *** withdrawal drives ERK1/2 activation outside of this critical“sweet spot”(~20%-30%of ERK1/2 active)resulting in a p57^(KIP2)-dependent G1 cell cycle arrest and senescence or expression of NOXA and cell death with features of autophagy;these terminal responses select against cells with amplified BRAF^(V600E).ERK1/2-dependent p57^(KIP2) expression is required for loss of BRAF^(V600E) amplification and determines the rate of reversal of selumetinib *** of selumetinib-resistant cells with BRAF^(V600E) amplification as tumour xenografts also requires the presence of selumetinib to“clamp”ERK1/2 activity within the sweet ***,BRAF^(V600E) amplification confers a selective disadvantage or“fitness deficit”during drug withdrawal,providing a rationale for intermittent dosing to forestall ***,selumetinib resistance driven by KRAS^(G13D) amplification/upregulation is not *** these cells ERK1/2 reactivation does not inhibit proliferation but drives a ZEB1-dependent epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition that increases cell motility and promotes resistance to traditional chemotherapy *** results reveal that the emergence of drug-addicted,MEKi-resistant cells,and the opportunity this may afford for intermittent dosing

关键词： BRAF CDKN1C/p57^(KIP2) EMT ERK KRAS MEK MEK inhibitor resistance selumetinib

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Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William j.Flerlage mark L.Dell’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evidence supporting the hypothesis of synaptic dysfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and network disruption underlying emotional and mood dysregulation in psychiatric disorders(Simmons et al.,2024).Diverse sets of distinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and synaptic plasticity in brain regions and circuits through complex interactions organized by numerous multivalent protein scaffolds,including the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

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Muscadine or amla extracts standardized to ellagic acid content ameliorate glucolipotoxicity associatedβ-cell dysfunction via inhibition of IL-1βand improved insulin secretion

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2020年第1期2卷 91-101页

作者： Srikanth Earpina Karen McDonough Millicent Yeboah-Awudzi Kristina j.cook Sita Aggarwal jack N.Losso Chronic Degenerative Disease Prevention Laboratory School of Nutrition and Food ScienceLouisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70803USA School of Animal Science Louisiana State University AgCenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70803USA William Hansel Cancer Prevention Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLouisiana State University SystemBaton RougeLA 70808USA Louisiana State University System Baton RougeLA 70803USA

Glucolipotocixity induces IL-1βsecretion which impairs pancreaticβ-cell insulin *** acid and urolithin A have strong anti-inflammatory effect on *** and amla are very good sources of ellagic *** present study examined the effect of ellagic acid,ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extract,or urolothin A on inflammation inβcells under glucolipotoxic *** NIT-1βcells were incubated in glucolipotoxic conditions(33.3 mM glucose,250μM palmitic acid or 33.3 mM glucose+250μM palmitic acid with or without ellagic acid,ellagic acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts standardized to its ellagic acid content,or urolithin A).Inflammatory status was evidenced by ELISA analysis of insulin and IL-1β*** acid-rich muscadine or amla extracts dose-dependently stimulated insulin secretion and down-regulated IL-1βbetter than pure ellagic acid,or urolithin *** A did not statistically stimulate insulin secretion and did not inhibit IL-1β.

关键词： Muscadine Amla Ellagic acid NIT-1 pancreaticβ-cells glucose,Palmitic acid Glucolipotoxicity IL-1β Inflammation Inflammasome Insulin secretion

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Cross-regional drivers for CCUS deployment

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Clean Energy 2020年第3期4卷 202-232页

作者： Anthony Y.Ku Peter j.cook Pingjiao Hao Xiaochun Li john P.Lemmon Toby Lockwood Niall Mac Dowell Surinder P.Singh Ning Wei Wayne Xu National Institute of Clean and Low Carbon Energy BeijingP.R.China NICE America Research Mountain ViewCAUSA Centre for CCS Research University of MelbourneVictoriaAustralia State Key Laboratory for Geo-mechanics and Geo-Technical Engineering Institute of Rock and Soil MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanHubei ProvinceChina IEA Clean Coal Centre LondonUK Centre for Environmental Policy Imperial College LondonUK Centre for Process Systems Engineering Imperial CollegeLondonUK

CO_(2)capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)is recognized as a uniquely important option in global efforts to control anthropogenic greenhouse-gas(GHG)*** significant progress globally in advancing the maturity of the various component technologies and their assembly into full-chain demonstrations,a gap remains on the path to widespread deployment in many *** this paper,we focus on the importance of business models adapted to the unique technical features and sociopolitical drivers in different regions as a necessary component of commercial scale-up and how lessons might be shared across *** identify three archetypes for CCUS development-resource recovery,green growth and low-carbon grids-each with different near-term issues that,if addressed,will enhance the prospect of successful commercial *** archetypes provide a framing mechanism that can help to translate experience in one region or context to other locations by clarifying the most important technical issues and policy *** forward,the archetype framework also provides guidance on how different regions can converge on the most effective use of CCUS as part of global deep-decarbonization efforts over the long term.

关键词： CCUS CO_(2) capture decarbonization regional storage utilization

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Assessing ecological and physiological costs of melanism in North American Papilio glaucus females: two decades of dark morph frequency declines

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Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 583-612页

作者： j.mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural HistoryUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA

Polymorphisms for melanic form of insects may provide various selective ***,melanic alleles may have significant/subtle pleiotrophic“costs.”Several potential pleiotrophic effects of the W(=Y)‐linked melanism gene in Papilio glaucus L.(Lepidoptera)showed no costs for melanic versus yellow in adult size,oviposition preferences,fecundity,egg viability,larval survival/growth rates,cold stress tolerance,or postdiapause emergence *** selection(males choosing yellow rather than mimetic dark females)had been suggested to provide a balanced polymorphism in ***,but spermatophore counts in wild females and direct field tethering studies of size‐matched pairs of virgin females(dark and yellow),show that male preferences are random or frequency‐dependent from Florida to Michigan,providing no yellow counter‐*** frequency declines of dark(melanic/mimetic)females in *** populations are shown in several major populations from Florida(27.3°N latitude)to Ohio(38.5°N).Summer temperatures have increased significantly at all these locations during this time(1999–2018),but whether dark morphs may be more vulnerable(in any stage)to such climate warming remains to be *** potential reasons for the frequency declines in mimetic females are discussed:(i)genetic introgression of Z‐linked melanism suppressor genes from ***(R&j)and the hybrid species,***(Pavulaan&Wright),(ii)differential developmental incompatibilities,or Haldane effects,known to occur in hybrids,(iii)selection against intermediately melanic(“dusty”)females(with the W‐linked melanic gene,b+)which higher temperatures can cause.

关键词： climate warming ecology of melanism incomplete mimicry pleiotrophic costs

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常见硫化物矿物中不可见金的富集

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黄金地质科技 1991年第4期 63-72页

作者： NIGEL j.cook 金洪良

常见硫化物矿物晶格中的金及粒径小于1000埃的分散金均称为不可见金,它们无法用矿相显微镜和扫描电镜测到。离子探针微量分析(次级离子质谱法)表明,12个矿床硫化物矿物颗粒中不可见金的含量为0.5至1000ppm之间。不同矿床,或一个矿床中... 详细信息

常见硫化物矿物晶格中的金及粒径小于1000埃的分散金均称为不可见金,它们无法用矿相显微镜和扫描电镜测到。离子探针微量分析(次级离子质谱法)表明,12个矿床硫化物矿物颗粒中不可见金的含量为0.5至1000ppm之间。不同矿床,或一个矿床中不同矿石相间不可见金含量变化很大。最主要的载金矿物为毒砂和富砷黄铁矿。黄铁矿中金与砷含量呈正相关,表明种促进了金进入黄铁矿晶格。当两种或差别大的毒砂共生时,细粒毒砂更富含不可见金。磁黄铁矿、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、方铅矿和黝铜矿中不可见金的含量通常较低。

关键词：硫化物金富集黄铁矿

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Integrating ancient patterns and current dynamics of insect-plant interactions＂ Taxonomic and geographic variation in herbivore specialization

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Insect Science 2010年第6期17卷 471-507页

作者： j. mark Scriber Department of Entomology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA

The search for pattern in the ecology and evolutionary biology of insect-plant associations has fascinated biologists for centuries. High levels of tropical （tow-latitude） plant and insect diversity relative to poleward latitudes and the disproportionate abundance of host-specialized insect herbivores have been noted. This review addresses several aspects of local insect specialization, host use abilities （and loss of these abilities with specialization）, host-associated evolutionary divergence, and ecological （including ＂hybrid＂） speciation, with special reference to the generation of biodiversity and the geographic and taxonomic identification of ＂species borders＂ for swallowtail butterflies （Papilionidae）. From ancient phytochemically defined angiosperm affiliations that trace back millions of years to recent and very local specialized populations, the Papilionidae （swallowtail butterflies） have provided a model for enhanced tmderstanding of localized ecological patterns and genetically based evolutionary processes. They have served as a useful group for evaluating the feeding specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis. They have shown how the abiotic （thermal） environment interacts with host nutritional suitability to generate ＂voltinisrn/suitability＂ gradients in specialization or preference latitudinally, and geographical mosaics locally. Several studies reviewed here suggest strongly that the oscillation hypothesis for speciation does have considerable merit, but at the same time, some species-level host specializations may lead to evolutionary dead-ends, especially with rapid environmental/habitat changes involving their host plants. Latitudinal gradients in species richness and degree of herbivore feeding specialization have been impacted by recent developments in ecological genetics and evolutionary ecology. Localized insect- plant associations that span the biospectrum from polyphenisms, polymorphisms, biotypes, demes, host races, to cryptic speci

关键词： evolutionary dead-ends key innovations latitudinal gradients oscillation hypothesis of speciation polyspecialists preference/performance specialization/physiological efficiency hypothesis voltinism-suitability hypothesis

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