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Strategic directions of the movement disorder Society

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中国临床神经科学 2000年第Z1期8卷 52-页

作者： mark hallett, m.d Human motor Control Section National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA

　　The movement disorder Society (mdS) is the international not-for-profit organization representing and serving clinicians, other health professionals, researchers and policy makers interested in the area of movement disorders. The Society is represented in 68 countries by approximately 1,500 members. The Society has developed regional sections and welcomes affiliation of regional movement disorder groups.　　……

关键词： health professionals

Photophobia in neurologic disorders

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2017年第1期6卷 239-244页

作者： Yiwen Wu mark hallett Human motor Control Section National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeNational Institutes of Health10 Center Drive MSC 1428Building 10Room 7D37BethesdaMD 20892USA

Photophobia is a common symptom seen in many neurologic disorders,however,its pathophysiology remains *** the term is *** this paper,we review the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of photophobia in neurological disorders,including primary headache,blepharospasm,progressive supranuclear palsy,and traumatic brain injury,discuss the definition,etiology and pathogenesis,and summarize practical methods of diagnosis and treatment.

关键词： Photophobia migraine Blepharospasm Progressive supranuclear palsy Traumatic brain injury melanopsin

Natural Killer Cells:Biology and Clinical Use in Cancer Therapy

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Cellular & molecular Immunology 2004年第1期1卷 12-21页

作者： William H.d.hallett William J.murphy department of microbiology and Immunology University of Nevada School of m.dicine.University of Nevada.Reno.Reno.NV.USA.

Natural killer (NK) cells have the ability to m.diate both bone marrow rejection and promote engraftment,as well as the ability to elicit potent anti-tumor *** the clinical results for these processes are still *** understanding of NK cell biology,from activating and inhibitory receptor functions to the role of NK cells in allogeneic transplantation,needs to be appreciated in order to draw out the clinical potential of NK *** of bone marrow cell (BmC) rejection are known to be dependant on inhibitory receptors specific for major histocompatibility complex (mHC) molecules and on activating receptors that have many potential *** m.dulation of activating and inhibitory receptors may hold the key to clinical success involving NK ***-clinical studies in mice have shown that different combinations of activating and inhibitory receptors on NK cells can reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHd),promote engraftment,and provide superior graft-versus-tumor (GVT) *** clinical data have shown that the use of KIR-ligand incompatibility produces tremendous graft-versus-leukemia effect in patients with acute myeloid leukemia at high risk of *** review will attempt to be a synthesis of current knowledge concerning NK cells,their involvement in BmT,and their use as an immunotherapy for cancer and other hematologic *** & molecular Immunology.2004;1(1):12-21.

关键词： NK cell BmT GVHd GVT

Effects of Root Growth of deep and Shallow Rooting Rice Cultivars in Compacted Paddy Soils on Subsequent Rice Growth

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Rice science 2023年第5期30卷 459-472,I0022-I0024页

作者： md.dhin ISLAm Adam H.PRICE Paul d.hallett School of Biological Sciences University of AberdeenSt Machar DrAberdeen AB243UUthe United Kingdom Faculty of Agriculture Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural UniversityGazipur-1706Bangladesh

Rice is often grown as multiple seasons in one year,alternating between flooded and upland systems.A major constraint,introduced from the flooded system,is a plough pan that may decrease rooting depth and productivity of follow-on upland *** penetrating the plough pan under flooded rice system can leave a legacy of weaker root growth *** rooting rice cultivars could have a bigger impact,but no direct evidence is *** explore whether a deep rather than a shallow rooting rice cultivar grown in a flooded cropping cycle benefited deeper root growth of follow-on rice in an upland,reduced tillage cropping cycle,a simulated flooded paddy in greenhouse was planted with deep(Black Gora) and shallow(IR64) rooting cultivars and a plant-free *** plough pans were m.de in between the topsoil and subsoil to form.different treatments with no plough pan(0.35 mPa),soft plough pan(1.03 mPa) and hard plough pan(1.70 mPa).After harvest of this ‘first season’ rice,the soil was drained and undisturbed to simulate zero-tillage upland and planted rice cultivar BRRI dhan *** overall root length density(RLd),root surface area,the numbers of root tips and branching of BRRI dhan 28 did not vary between plough pan and no plough pan *** with the shallow rooting rice genotype,the deep rooting rice genotype as ‘first season’ crop produced 19% greater RLd,34% greater surface area and 29% more branching of BRRI dhan 28 in the *** the topsoil,however,BRRI dhan 28 had 28% greater RLd,35% greater surface area and 43% more branching for the shallow rather than deep rooting genotype planted in the ‘first season’.The results suggested that rice cultivar selection for a paddy cycle affects root growth of a follow-on rice crop grown under no-till,with benefits to subsoil access from.deep rooting cultivars and topsoil proliferation for shallow rooting cultivars.

关键词： plough pan root growth biopores crop rotation Oryza sativa preceding crop zero-tillage

Anatomical correlates of blepharospasm

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2012年第1期1卷 92-98页

作者： Silvina G Horovitz Anastasia Ford muslimah Ali Najee-ullah John L Ostuni mark hallett Human motor Control Section Medical Neurology BranchNational Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke10 Center DriveBdg10/7D37BethesdaMDUSA Brain Rehabilitation Research Center Malcom Randall VA Medical CenterGainesvilleFLUSA department of Psychology University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA Office of the Clinical director National Institute of Neurological Disorders and StrokeBethesdaMDUSA.

Background:Focal dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by unwanted muscle *** is a focal dystonia producing an involuntary closure of the *** etiology is ***:To investigate if there are structural changes in the white and grey matter of blepharospasm patients,and if the changes are related to disease ***:T1 and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 14 female blepharospasm patients and 14 healthy matched *** matter volumes,fractional anisotropy(FA),and mean diffusivity maps were compared between the *** on grey matter differences within the facial portion of the primary motor cortex,the corticobulbar tract was traced and compared between ***:Changes in grey matter in patients included the facial portion of the sensorimotor area and anterior cingulate *** changes did not correlate with disease *** tract volume and peak tract connectivity were decreased in patients compared with *** were no significant differences in FA or mean diffusivity between ***:Grey matter changes within the primary sensorimotor and the anterior cingulate cortices in blepharospasm patients may help explain involuntary eyelid closure and the abnormal sensations often reported in this condition.

关键词： Blepharospasm dystonia Volumetric mRI magnetic resonance imaging diffusion weighted imaging

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肌张力障碍患者基底节及丘脑神经元活性

世界核心医学期刊文摘（神经病学分册） 2005年第2期1卷 21-22页

作者： hallett m. 陈云春

Objective: To explore the role of abnormal neuronal activity in the basal gang lia and thalamus in the generation of dystonia. methods: microelectrode recordin g was perform.d in the globus pallidus internus (GPi), ventral thalamic nuclear group ventral oral posterior/ventral interm.diate, Vop/Vim) and subthalamic nucl eus (STN) in patients with primary dystonia (n=11) or secondary dystonia (n=9) d uring surgery. Electromyogram (EmG) was simultaneously recorded in selected musc le groups. Single unit analysis and cross correlations were carried out. Result s: Three hundred and sixty seven neurons were obtained from 29 trajectories (GP i: 13; Vop/Vim:12; STN: 4), 87%exhibited altered neuronal activity including gr ouped discharges in GPi (n=79) and STN (n=37), long lasting neuronal activity ( n=70) and rapid neuronal discharge (n=86) in Vop/Vim. There were neurons in Vop, GPi and STN firing at the same frequency as EmG during dystonia (mean: 0.39 Hz, range 0.12-0.84 Hz). Significant correlations between neuronal activity and Em G at the frequency of dystonia were obtained (GPi: r2=0.7 (n=31), Vop/Vim: r2=0. 64 (n=18) and STN: r2=0.86 (n=17)). Conclusions: Consistent with previous findin gs of abnormalities observed in Vop/VIm and GPi in relation to dystonia, the pre sent data further show that the altered activity in GPi, specifically in dorsal subregions of GPi, Vop/Vim and STN is likely to be directly involved in the prod uction of dystonic movement. dystonia related neuronal activity observed in mot or thalamus and basal ganglia nuclei of GPi and STN indicates a critical role of their interactions affecting both indirect and direct pathways in the developme nt of either generalized or focal dystonia. Significance: These data support a c entral role of the basal ganglia in producing dystonic movements.

关键词：肌张力障碍丘脑神经元丘脑核团丘脑腹侧核群神经元活动苍白球丘脑运动核交叉相关肌群间接途径