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efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy vs other achalasia treatments in improving esophageal function

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第20期22卷 4918-4925页

作者： Madhusudhan R Sanaka Umar Hayat Prashanthi N Thota Ramprasad Jegadeesan Monica Ray Scott L Gabbard Neha Wadhwa Rocio Lopez mark e baker Sudish Murthy Siva Raja Department of Gastroenterology Q3 Cleveland Clinic Department of Radiology Cleveland Clinic Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery Cleveland Clinic

AIM: To assess and compare the esophageal function after peroral endoscopic myotomy(POeM) vs other conventional treatments in ***: Chart review of all achalasia patients who underwent POeM, laparoscopic Heller myotomy(LHM) or pneumatic dilation(PD) at our institution between January 2012 and March 2015 was performed. Patient demographics, type of achalasia, prior treatments, pre- and post-treatment timed barium swallow(TBe) and high-resolution esophageal manometry(HReM) findings were compared between the three treatment groups. Patients who had both pre- and 2 mo posttreatment TBe or HReM were included in the final analysis. TBe parameters compared were barium column height, width and volume of barium remaining at 1 and 5 min. HReM parameters compared were basal lower esophageal sphincter(LeS) pressures and LeS-integrated relaxation pressures(IRP). Data are presented as mean ± SD, median [25th, 75 th percentiles] or frequency(percent). Analysis of variance, KruskalWallis test, Pearsons χ~2 test and Fishers exact tests were used for ***: A total of 200 achalasia patients were included of which 36 underwent POeM, 22 underwent PD and 142 underwent LHM. POeM patients were older(55.4 ± 16.8 years vs 46.5 ± 15.7 years, P = 0.013) and had higher BMI than LHM(29.1 ± 5.9 kg/m^2 vs 26 ± 5.1 kg/m^2, P = 0.012). More number of patients in POeM and PD groups had undergone prior treatments compared to LHM group(72.2% vs 68.2% vs 44.3% respectively, P = 0.003). At 2 mo post-treatment, all TBe parameters including barium column height, width and volume remaining at 1 and 5 min improved significantly in all three treatment groups(P = 0.01 to P except the column height at 1 min in PD group(P = 0.11). At 2 mo post-treatment, there was significant improvement in basal LeS pressure and LeS-IRP in both LHM(40.5 mm Hg vs 14.5 mm Hg and 24 mm Hg vs 7.1 mm Hg respectively, P eM groups(38.7 mm Hg vs 11.4 mm Hg and 23.6 mm Hg vs 6.6 mm Hg res

关键词： Achalasia Dysphagia Heller myotomy Peroral endoscopic myotomy Manometry Pneumatic dilation

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胰腺偶发囊肿的管理--美国放射学院(ACR)偶发病变委员会白皮书

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放射学实践 2018年第2期33卷 123-133页

作者： Alec J.Megibow mark e.baker Desiree e.Morgan Ihab R.Kamel Dushyant V.Sahani elliot Newman William R.Brugge Lincoln L.Berland Pari V.Pandharipande 赵心明曾蒙苏薛华丹刘再毅石喻不详中国医学科学院肿瘤医院影像诊断科北京复旦大学附属中山医院放射科上海北京协和医院放射科北京广东省人民医院放射科广州中国医科大学附属盛京医院放射科沈阳

美国放射学院(American College of Radiology,ACR)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)发布了CT或MR偶发胰腺囊肿的管理建议。该建议是对美国放射学院杂志(JACR)2010年发布的肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏以及胰腺偶发病变管理白... 详细信息

美国放射学院(American College of Radiology,ACR)偶发病变委员会(Incidental Findings Committee,IFC)发布了CT或MR偶发胰腺囊肿的管理建议。该建议是对美国放射学院杂志(JACR)2010年发布的肾上腺、肾脏、肝脏以及胰腺偶发病变管理白皮书中胰腺部分的更新。该管理方案由多位腹部影像医师、1位胃肠道学医师以及1位胰腺外科医师所组成的胰腺亚组委员会制定。该方案参考已发表的文献和专家意见,经反复协商,最终达成共识。该方案的分支成功地根据患者的临床特点及影像特征将胰腺囊肿进行分类,评估终点为良性和/或进展缓慢病变的诊断(足以结束随访)或具体的管理建议。该方案适用于大多数但非全部的病理及临床情况。该方案旨在通过提供胰腺偶发囊肿的管理指导,来提高患者的管理质量。

关键词：胰腺囊肿导管内乳头状黏液瘤偶发病变

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The ＇omics revolution and our understanding of sperm cell biology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第1期13卷 6-10页

作者： mark A baker School of environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Research Fellow Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

The foundations of proteomics are to study gene products and their regulatory roles within cells. Paradoxically, the only evidence that sperm cells make new proteins is through mitochondrial protein synthesis. Yet despite this, spermatozoa are the perfect candidates for mass spectrometry and hence, proteomic analysis. These enterprising cells use a plethora of post-translational modifications in order to gain functionality following their production within the testis. By using a combination of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis （2D-PAGe）, and more recently liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry （LC-MS）/MS, recent advances in sperm cell biology, through the use of proteomics, is making unparalleled progress. The protein inventory lists being generated have shed light on transmembrane proteins, kinases and chaperones never previously recognized. In addition, the ability to isolate either phosphopeptides or glycopeptides and quantify the differences between cells of two different populations make proteomic analysis of spermatozoa a real chance to finally answer some age old questions.

关键词： capacitation DIGe epididymis LC-MS proteomics quantitation sperm maturation spermatozoa

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Variable retention in Tasmania, Australia: trends over 16 years of monitoring and adaptive management

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ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 305-317页

作者： Robyn e.Scott mark G.Neyland Susan C.baker Sustainable Timber Tasmania 99 Bathurst StHobartTasmania 7001Australia School of Natural Sciences and ARC Centre for Forest Value University of TasmaniaPrivate Bag 55HobartTasmania 7001Australia

Background:Variable retention harvesting using aggregated retention(ARN)has been applied in some Tasmanian wet eucalypt forests for>15 *** of ARN in Tasmania differs from most other regions,as forest influence(or the proximity of harvested areas to long-term retention)is primarily used to distinguish ARN from clearfelling rather than retention level,and broadcast burning is used as a regeneration treatment,resulting in a preference for edge aggregates instead of isolated retained *** emphasis on site-level retention of biological legacies and forest influence to facilitate re-establishment of mature forest species ensures that ARN coupes achieve the ecological objectives associated with retention ***:Spatial and survey data collected from operational ARN coupes illustrates the development of this silvicultural practice over time and allows comparisons with conventional *** 90%of ARN coupes have met the forest influence target of>50%.The number of ARN coupes harvested per year has varied,but mean retention levels(29%)and the mean area harvested per coupe(24 ha)have remained the *** influence in ARN coupes has decreased over time,as have perimeter-to-area ratios,largely due to a decrease in the number of island *** these measures of complexity have decreased,ARN coupes still have much greater forest influence,retention,and perimeter-to-area ratios when compared to conventional clearfell,burn and sow(CBS)*** observed decrease in boundary complexity should facilitate regeneration burning in ARN coupes,although no increase in the proportion of burnt seedbed was *** proportion of burnt seedbed is strongly correlated with eucalypt seedling stocking and density in ARN coupes,and these attributes were all significantly lower in recent ARN coupes compared to *** differences appear to be due to achieving better burns in recent CBS coupes,rather than poorer ones in ARN cou

关键词： Retention forestry Silviculture systems Aggregated retention Regeneration burning Regeneration success Forest influence eucalyptus

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Are sperm capacitation and apoptosis the opposite ends of a continuum driven by oxidative stress？

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第4期17卷 633-639页

作者： Robert J Aitken mark A baker Brett Nixon Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences and Hunter Medical Research Institute University of Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia.

This chapter explores the possibility that capacitation and apoptosis are linked processes joined by their common dependence on the continued generation of reactive oxygen species （ROS）. According to this model capacitation is initiated in spematozoa following their release into the female reproductive tract as a consequence of intracellular ROS generation, which stimulates intracellular cAMP generation, inhibits tyrosine phosphatase activity and enhances the formation of oxysterols prior to their removal from the sperm surface by albumin. The continued generation of ROS by capacitating populations of spermatozoa eventually overwhelms the limited capacity of these cells to protect themselves from oxidative stress. As a result the over-capacitation of spermatozoa leads to a state of senescence and the activation of a truncated intrinsic apoptotic cascade characterized by enhanced mitochondrial RO$ generation, lipid peroxidation, motility loss, caspase activation and phosphatidylserine externalization. The latter may be particularly important in instructing phagocytic leukocytes that the removal of senescent, moribund spermatozoa should be a silent process unaccompanied by the generation of proinflammatory cytokines. These observations reveal the central role played by redox chemistry in defining the life and death of spermatozoa. A knowledge of these mechanisms may help us to engineer novel solutions to both support and preserve the functionality of these highly specialized cells.

关键词： apoptosis reactive oxygen species sperm capacitation

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Oxidative stress and male reproductive health

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2014年第1期16卷 31-38页

作者： Robert J Aitken Tegan B Smith Matthew S Jobling mark A baker Geoffry N De Iuliis Priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and IT University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia

One of the major causes of defective sperm function is oxidative stress, which not only disrupts the integrity of sperm DNA but also limits the fertilizing potential of these cells as a result of collateral damage to proteins and lipids in the sperm plasma membrane. The origins of such oxidative stress appear to involve the sperm mitochondria, which have a tendency to generate high leve｜s of superoxide anion as a prelude to entering the intrinsic apoptotic cascade. Unfortunately, these cells have very little capacity to respond to such an attack because they only possess the first enzyme in the base excision repair （BeR） pathway, 8-oxoguanine glycosylase 1 （OGG1）. The latter successfully creates an abasic site, but the spermatozoa cannot process the oxidative lesion further because they lack the downstream proteins （APe1, XRCC1） needed to complete the repair process. It is the responsibility of the oocyte to continue the BeR pathway prior to initiation of S-phase of the first mitotic division. If a mistake is made by the oocyte at this stage of development, a mutation will be created that will be represented in every cell in the body. Such mechanisms may explain the increase in childhood cancers and other diseases observed in the offspring of males who have suffered oxidative stress in their germ line as a consequence of age, environmental or lifestyle factors. The high prevalence of oxidative DNA damage in the spermatozoa of male infertility patients may have implications for the health of children conceived in vitro and serves as a driver for current research into the origins of free radical generation in the germ line.

关键词： DNA damage oxidative stress oxoguanine glycosylase 1 oocyte spermatozoa

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Computationally designed protein activation

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National Science Review 2019年第4期6卷 609-610页

作者： David baker Department of Biochemistry Institute for Protein Design University of Washington Howard Hughes Medical Institute

Time-resolved tools for activating proteins of interest in living systems can allow monitoring of the dynamics of biological processes such as signal transduction. Various approaches have been developed to engineer both constitutive and inducible protein activation (e.g. genetic fusion of light switchable proteins).Active-site decaging is another strategy,but the limited number of genetically encoded unnatural amino acids and associ-

关键词： pro Rosetta Computationally designed protein activation

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Phosphorylation of Izumo1 and its role in male nfertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2015年第5期17卷 708-710,I0005页

作者： Samantha AM Young John Aitken mark A baker priority Research Centre in Reproductive Science Discipline of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science and IT University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW Australia Animal Resource Centre for Infectious Diseases Research Institute for Microbial Diseases Osaka University Suita Osaka Japan

Izumol is a testis-specific gene product, whose function is essential for sperm-egg fusion. Throughout its lifespan, Izumol is posttranslationally modified, being both N-linked glycosylated on its extracellular domain and phosphorylated on the intracellular C-terminal tail. Within the caput regions of the rat epididymis, two phosphorylation events have been documented. However, as sperm pass through the epididymis, this cytoplasmic portion of Izumol has been shown to contain up to seven phosphorylation sites. Remarkably, in the rat, in correlation with these events, Izumol undergoes sub-cellular re-location, moving from the head/tail regions of the spermatozoa, to a predominantly equatorial segment location once they have reached the caudal end of the epididymis.

关键词： epididymis Izumol LC-MS phosphorylation proteomics

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Stipitate hydnoid fungi of the temperate southeastern United States

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第5期62卷 41-114页

作者： Richard Baird Lisa e.Wallace Gerald baker Mary Scruggs Department of Biochemistry Molecular BiologyEntomology and Plant PathologyMississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA Department of Biological Sciences Mississippi State UniversityMississippi StateMS 39762USA

An 11 year study was conducted to reevaluate the species of stipitate hydnums from the southern United States especially the Great Smoky Mountains and surrounding *** genera evaluated included Bankera herein reduced to synonym with Phellodon,Hydnellum,Sarcodon,and *** of many stipitate hydnum species from this region were abundant but nitrogen depositions during the last 20 years have impacted their *** it became critical to do a definitive study of these fungi using current taxonomic *** species within Hydnellum and Phellodon have a indeterminate type growth often dependant on environmental conditions making discrimination between closely related species difficult without supportive molecular sequence *** sequence data(ITS)was obtained a phylogenetic analyzes were conducted and the sequences were compared to those in GenBank with particular attention to european data.A total of 41 distinct taxa were determined and many of those were confirmed based on morphological data.A specific new combination from Bankera fuligineoalbum to Phellodon fuligineoalbus is made ***,Phellodon brunneoolivaceus is described as new based on morphological and sequence data.

关键词： Stipitate hydnums Southern Appalachian Mountains Morphological and molecular data Three genera

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erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： mark T.Richardson Rasmus e.Benestad Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Institute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to earth's recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun.A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity,and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of“most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.”We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is-7%to+5%,compared with values of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of ***,we cannot test truly“recent”global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015,and two finish in the 1990s,but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar *** solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical *** argue that instead of repeating errors,they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.

关键词： earth (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations Physical Data and Processes

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