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Classification of submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第24期13卷 3311-3315页

作者： Laura Graves Ponsaing Katalin Kiss mark berner hansen Department ofSurgical Gastroenterology K Bispebjerg University Hospital ofCopenhagen Denmark Department of Pathology Herlev UniversityHospital Gentofte Denmark

This review is part two of three, which will present an update on the classification of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Part one treats of the diagnosis and part three of the therapeutic methods regarding gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. In the past there has been some confusion as to the classification of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Changes in classifications have emerged due to recent advances in mainly immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. The aim of this paper is to update the reader on the current classification. Literature searches were performed to find information related to classification of gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Based on these searches the twelve most frequent submucosal tumor types were chosen for description of their classification. The factors that indicate whether tumors are benign or malignant are mainly size and number of mitotic counts. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are defined mainly by their CD117 positivity. In the future, there should be no more confusion between gastrointestinal stromal tumors and other types of submucosal tumors.

关键词： Submucosal tumor Immunohistochemistry Smooth muscle derived submucosal tumors Submucosal tumors of neurogenic origin Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Malignant Benign

Diagnostic procedures for submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第24期13卷 3301-3310页

作者： Laura Graves Ponsaing Katalin Kiss Annika Loft Lise Ingemann Jensen mark berner hansen Department of Surgical Gastroenterology K Bispebjerg University Hospital of Copenhagen Denmark Department of Pathology Herlev University Hospital Gentofte Denmark Department of Nuclear Medicine CopenhagenUniversity Hospital Rigshospitalet Denmark Department of Radiology Bispebjerg University Hospital of Copenhagen Denmark

This review is part one of three, which will present an update on diagnostic procedures for gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs). Part two identifies the classification and part three the therapeutic methods regarding GI SMTs. Submucosal tumors are typically asymptomatic and therefore encountered incidentally. Advances in diagnostic tools for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors have emerged over the past decade. The aim of this paper is to provide the readers with guidelines for the use of diagnostic procedures, when a submucosal tumor is suspected. Literature searches were performed to find information on diagnostics for gastrointestinal submucosal tumors. Based on the searches, the optimal diagnostic procedures and specific features of the submucosal tumors could be outlined. Standard endoscppy, capsule endoscopy and push-and-pull enteroscopy (PPE) together with barium contrast X-ray do not alone provide sufficient information, when examining submucosal tumors. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and fluorodeoxyglucose-labeled positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) are recommended as supplementary tools.

关键词： Submucosal tumor Diagnosis Endoscopy Endoscopic ultrasonography Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging Positron emission tomography Capsule endoscopy Push-and-pull enteroscopy Ponsaing LG, Kiss K, Loft A, Jensen LI, hansen MB.

Secondary trading of airport slots:Issues and challenges

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第12期36卷 1-12页

作者： Yanjun WANG Mengyin WANG Weishan XU mark hansen College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Adam Smith Businesses School University of GlasgowGlasgow G128QQUK Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeley 94720USA

Most Level 3 airports around the world suffer severe congestion and flight *** have to obtain airport slots in order to schedule flights at such *** main way for airlines to acquire slots is primary slot allocation,in which a slot coordinator distributes slots to airlines according to certain rules and *** to excessive demand for slots and restrictions on allocation rules,it is difficult for some airlines to obtain the desired slots in this *** way for airlines to obtain slots is through secondary slot trading,in which slots can be redistributed among airlines without being returned to slot *** secondary trading of airport slots has played a positive role in promoting the efficient utilization of slot resources,but systematic studies are *** paper discusses the reasons for the existence of slot secondary trading,sorts out the main policies and rules governing the mechanism,investigates its impacts on the industry and society,and points out the major problems and *** paper provides a reference for subsequent research and practical application of airport slot secondary trading in the future.

关键词： Air traffic management Airport capacity Airport slot allocation market-based mechanism Secondary slot trading

Measuring the resilience of an airport network

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2019年第12期32卷 2694-2705页

作者： Yanjun WANG Jianming ZHAN Xinhua XU Lishuai LI Ping CHEN mark hansen College of Civil Aviation Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridge 02139USA Air Traffic Management Bureau Beijing 100012China Xiamen Airlines Xiamen 361006China Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management City University of Hong KongKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Air Traffic Management System and Technology Nanjing 210000China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA

Resilience is the ability of a system to withstand and stay operational in the face of an unexpected disturbance or unpredicted changes. Recent studies on air transport system resilience focus on topology characteristics after the disturbance and measure the robustness of the network with respect to connectivity. The dynamic processes occurring at the node and link levels are often ignored. Here we analyze airport network resilience by considering both structural and dynamical aspects. We develop a simulation model to study the operational performance of the air transport system when airports operate at degraded capacity rather than completely shutting down. Our analyses show that the system deteriorates soon after disruptive events occur but returns to an acceptable level after a period of time. Static resilience of the airport network is captured by a phase transition in which a small change to airport capacity will result in a sharp change in system punctuality. After the phase transition point, decreasing airport capacity has little impact on system performance. Critical airports which have significant influence on the performance of whole system are identified, and we find that some of these cannot be detected based on the analysis of network structural indicators alone. Our work shows that air transport system’s resilience can be well understood by combining network science and operational dynamics.

关键词： Air transport Complex networks Network resilience Resilience indicator Transportation resilience

Endoscopic treatment of primary aorto-enteric fistulas:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第6期13卷 189-197页

作者： Victoria berner-hansen August A Olsen Birgitte Brandstrup Department of Surgery Holbaek HospitalPart of Copenhagen University HospitalsHolbaek 4300Denmark Institute for Clinical Medicine University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2200Denmark Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of CopenhagenCopenhagen 2200Denmark

BACKGROUND Primary aorto-enteric fistula(PAEF)is a rare condition,traditionally treated in the acute,bleeding phase with open surgery or endovascular ***,these approaches have high morbidity and mortality,indicating a need for new *** advances in endoscopic techniques and equipment,haemoclipping of fistulas has now become ***,we present a systematic review of the English literature and a rare case of a PAEF successfully treated by endoscopic *** SUMMARY A 74-year-old man with an abdominal aortic aneurysm presented with symptoms of haemorrhagic shock and bloody *** oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was performed with haemoclipping of a suspected PAEF in the third part of the ***,a computed tomography-angiography showed a contrast filled protrusion from the abdominal aortic *** on the clinical presentation and the combined endoscopic and radiographic findings,we argue that this is a case of a *** Endoscopic therapy appears capable of achieving haemodynamic stabilisation in patients with bleeding PAEF,serving as a bridge to final therapy.

关键词： Endoscopy Gastrointestinal haemorrhage Surgical clip Intestinal fistula,Vascular fistula Systematic review Case report

Editorial of the Special Issue on Novel Methodologies in Air Transportation

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Engineering 2021年第4期7卷 413-414页

作者： Jun Zhang mark hansen Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of CNS/ATM Beijing 100191China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720-1710USA

Although the air industry has been affected by the recent coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic,it has shown rapid growth in economic development and evolving international trading *** a trend is anticipated to resume post the pandemic,probably at a slightly slower *** growth of the air industry accelerated the movement of goods and people but also created challenges to air transportation systems,including operational inefficiency of airspace system,flight and passenger delays,divergent demands in aircraft manufacturing,and urgent needs for disruptive technologies to enhance the existing air transportation *** challenges attracted the interests of researchers *** special issue assembles novel methodologies in air transportation,the cutting-edge findings,and outcomes of researchers’efforts responding to these *** fills the gaps in existing literature and offers solutions and directions on sustainable development of air transportation.

关键词： trading transportation resume

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时光的印记

Chicken soup for the soul 双语精华

丛书名：心灵鸡汤

2007年

作者： mark Victor hansen Jack Canfield

本书主要介绍了追寻梦想、完美拥抱、礼物、第二百次拥抱、情人节的故事等。

ISBN: (纸本)9787533738808

本书主要介绍了追寻梦想、完美拥抱、礼物、第二百次拥抱、情人节的故事等。

关键词：英语

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Chicken soup for the soul 双语精华

丛书名：经典系列

2007年

作者： Jack Canfield & mark Victor hansen等

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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