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北京市老年人居家养老满意度与机构养老意愿研究

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地理科学进展 2015年第12期34卷 1577-1585页

作者：余杰 mark w.rosenberg 程杨女王大学地理系北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院北京00875

在20世纪婴儿潮、计划生育政策和人口死亡率下降的影响下,中国过去几十年中人口老龄化的速度不断加快。中国政府已经将"居家养老"和"养老服务社会化"确定为应对人口老龄化的基本方针。要想实现引导老年人居家养老的目标,必须充分把握老... 详细信息

在20世纪婴儿潮、计划生育政策和人口死亡率下降的影响下,中国过去几十年中人口老龄化的速度不断加快。中国政府已经将"居家养老"和"养老服务社会化"确定为应对人口老龄化的基本方针。要想实现引导老年人居家养老的目标,必须充分把握老年人现有生活的实体环境和社会环境。本文的目标是剖析老年人对实体与社会环境的认知,并阐明其与居家养老体验的关联性,并进而研究其对老年人入住养老机构意愿的影响程度。研究北京对社会养老服务的政策具有典型意义,因此本文选择北京市作为案例研究区。研究结果表明,老年人对实体和社会环境的负面评价与其对居家养老体验的负面认知是有关联的,对拥有机构养老意愿的老年人可以通过人口学与健康属性得以细分。此外,子女的看望对老年人居家养老满意度及其机构养老意向具有重要的影响。

关键词：就地养老健康地理学老年人群社会环境北京

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老龄化地理学专辑序言

地理科学进展 2015年第12期34卷 1479-页

作者： mark w.rosenberg 高晓路刘春凤加拿大女王大学地理系中国科学院区域可持续发展分析与模拟重点实验室中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所北京100101 <地理科学进展>编辑部北京100101

进入21世纪以来,老龄化问题越来越突出,全球范围内基于地理学视角的老龄化研究成果也日益丰富。老龄化对中国的现代化进程影响深远,未来一二十年间快速老龄化将对城镇化和经济发展带来很大不确定性。为了顺利跨越"中等收入"陷阱,有序过... 详细信息

进入21世纪以来,老龄化问题越来越突出,全球范围内基于地理学视角的老龄化研究成果也日益丰富。老龄化对中国的现代化进程影响深远,未来一二十年间快速老龄化将对城镇化和经济发展带来很大不确定性。为了顺利跨越"中等收入"陷阱,有序过渡到一个更加健康、成熟的社会,实现"老有所终,壮有所用,幼有所长,鳏寡孤独废疾者,皆有所养",必须深化对相关概念、理论和实际问题的研究。我们特邀请国内外专家撰稿,组织刊发了本期专辑。

关键词：地理学研究中等收入废疾者老龄化问题研究成果经济发展中国老龄化地理学者区域发展政策机构养老

Survival in spatially variable thermal environments:Consequences of induced thermal defense

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第4期13卷 392-410页

作者： mark w.DENNY Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University Pacific GroveCaliforniaUSA

As Earth’s climate warms,plants and animals are likely to encounter increased frequency and severity of extreme thermal events,and the ensuing destruction is likely to play an important role in structuring ecological ***,accurate prediction of the population-scale consequences of extreme thermal events requires detailed knowledge of the small-scale interaction between individual organisms and their thermal *** this study I propose a simple model that allows one to explore how individual-to-individual variation in body temperature and thermal physiology determines what fraction of a population will be killed by an extreme thermal *** model takes into account the possibility that each individual plant or animal can respond to an event by adjusting its thermal tolerance in proportion to the stress it *** thermal stress is relatively mild,the model shows that a graded physiological response of this sort leads to increased ***,the model predicts that in more severe events a proportional induced defense can actually reduce survivorship,a counterintuitive possibility that is not predicted by standard *** model can easily be tailored to different species and thermal environments to provide an estimate of when,where and how physiology can buffer the effects of climate warming.

关键词： induced defense plasticity small-scale variability thermal physiology thermal tolerance

Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance in chronic hepatitis C

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第35期15卷 4356-4364页

作者： mark w Douglas Jacob George Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium InstituteUniversity of Sydney at Westmead Hospita

It is now widely recognized that chronic hepatitis C (CHC)is associated with insulin resistance(IR)and type 2 diabetes,so can be considered a metabolic *** is most strongly associated with hepatitis C virus(HCV)genotype 1,in contrast to hepatic steatosis, which is associated with genotype 3 *** from the well-described complications of diabetes,IR in CHC predicts faster progression to fibrosis and cirrhosis that may culminate in liver failure and hepatocellular *** recently,it has been recognized that IR in CHC predicts a poor response to antiviral therapy. The molecular mechanisms for the association between IR and HCV infection are not well *** review will elaborate on the clinical associations between CHC and IR and summarize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that potentially mediate HCV-associated IR.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Insulin resistance Treatment response Interferon

Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003-2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1459-1470页

作者： T.Adam Coates w.mark Ford Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Overstory basal area,ericaceous shrub cover(Kalmia latifolia *** Rhododendron maximum L.),and fuels(i.e.,woody fuel loads and depths and O Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great Smoky Mountains National Park,USA,in *** to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region(including Great Smoky Mountains National Park),the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs,and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock(Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carrière),these same ecosystem components were again assessed in *** and moisture regime(xeric,intermediate,and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential *** evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that O Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period,but increased as elevation increased,and moisture regime(xeric O Horizon thickness> mesic O Horizon thickness) was a significant,related *** sum of 1-,10-,and 100-h fuel loads(fuels less whereas woody fuel depth decreased over the16-year *** significant changes in 1000-h fuel lo ads(>7.6 cm diameter),total woody fuel loads,ericaceous shrub cover,total basal area,or live *** basal area were *** *** basal area decreased with increasing ***,standing *** basal area increased from 2003-2019,and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate ***,we found that:*** increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present;and *** and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.

关键词： Eastern hemlock Hemlock woolly adelgid Mountain laurel Rhododendron

Repeated hydrogen peroxide dosing briefly reduces cyanobacterial blooms and microcystin while increasing fecal bacteria indicators in a eutrophic pond

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第2期124卷 522-543页

作者： mark w.Lusty Christopher J.Gobler School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook UniversitySouthamptonNY 11968USA

This study explored the effects of H_(2)O_(2)on Cyanobacteria and non-target microbes using fluorometry,microscopy,flow cytometry,and high throughput DNA sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene during a series of mesocosm and whole-ecosystem experiments in a eutrophic pond in NY,*** addition of H_(2)O_(2)(8 mg/L)significantly reduced Cyanobacteria concentrations during a majority of experiments(66%;6 of 9)and significantly increased eukaryotic green and unicellular brown algae in 78%and 45%of experiments,*** heterotrophic bacteria declined significantly following H_(2)O_(2)addition in all experiments,bacteria indicative of potential fecal contamination(Escherichia coli,Enterococcus,fecal coliform bacteria)consistently and significantly increased in response to H_(2)O_(2),evidencing a form of‘pollution swapping’.H_(2)O_(2)more effectively reduced Cyanobacteria in enclosed mesocosms compared to whole-ecosystem *** whole-pond H_(2)O_(2)applications over a twoyear period temporarily reduced cyanobacterial levels but never reduced concentrations below bloom thresholds and populations always rebounded in two weeks or *** bacterial phyla of Cyanobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Planctomycetes were the most negatively impacted by H_(2)O_(2).Microcystis was always reduced by H_(2)O_(2),as was the toxin microcystin,but Microcystis remained dominant even after repeated H_(2)O_(2)*** H_(2)O_(2)favored the growth of eukaryotic algae over potentially harmful Cyanobacteria,the inability of H_(2)O_(2)to end cyanobacterial blooms in this eutrophic waterbody suggests it is a non-ideal mitigation approach in high biomass ecosystems and should be used judiciously due to potential negative impacts on non-target organisms and promotion of bacteria indicative of fecal contamination.

关键词： Indicator bacteria Toxic cyanobacteria Microcystin Microcystis Hydrogen peroxide Bacteria Enterococcus E.coli Pollution swapping

Cooperative visibility maintenance in SE（3） for multi-robot-networks with limited field-of-view sensors

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Control Theory and Technology 2017年第4期15卷 246-257页

作者： Hasan A. Poonawala mark w. Spong Institute for Computational Engineering & Sciences University of Texas Austin U.S.A. Erik Jonsson School of Engineering & Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson U.S.A.

Coordination of motion between multiple robots requires the robots to sense their relative poses. Common sensors depend on maintaining a line-of-sight between the sensor and the object being sensed. when the robots move relative to one another, they must coordinate their motions to ensure that these lines-of-sight are preserved. we propose a control method to preserve desired lines-of-sight in a multi-robot system where each robot has configuration space SE（3）. A key feature of the control method is its ability to reject persistent bounded disturbances, enabling its use alongside additional control tasks. we demonstrate the effectiveness of the edge-preserving control in simulations involving additional input velocities that tend to break the edges.

关键词： Multi-robot coordination decentralized control graph theoretic control

Noninvasive prognostic models,imaging,and elastography to predict clinical events in primary sclerosing cholangitis:A review

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world Journal of Hepatology 2023年第9期15卷 1013-1020页

作者： mark w Russo Division of Hepatology Atrium Health Wake ForestCharlotteNC 28204United States

Surrogate endpoints are needed to estimate clinical outcomes in primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC).Serum alkaline phosphatase was among the first markers studied,but there is substantial variability in alkaline phosphatase levels during the natural history of PSC without *** Mayo risk score incorporates noninvasive variables and has served as a surrogate endpoint for survival for more than two *** models have better test performance than the Mayo risk score,including the primary sclerosing risk estimate tool(PREsTo)model and UK-PSC score that estimate hepatic decompensation and transplant free survival,*** c-statistics for transplant-free survival for the Mayo risk model and the long-term UK-PSC model are 0.68 and 0.85,*** c-statistics for hepatic decompensation for the Mayo risk model and PREsTo model are 0.85 and 0.90,*** Amsterdam-Oxford model included patients with large duct and small duct PSC and patients with PSCautoimmune hepatitis overlap and had a c-statistic of 0.68 for transplant-free *** noninvasive tests that warrant further validation include magnetic resonance imaging,elastography and the enhanced liver fibrosis *** models,noninvasive tests or a combination of these surrogate endpoints may not only serve to be useful in clinical trials of investigational agents,but also serve to inform our patients about their prognosis.

关键词： Cholestatic Survival Mortality Predict Cirrhosis Decompensation

Liver immunology and its role in inflammation and homeostasis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2016年第3期13卷 267-276页

作者： mark w Robinson Cathal Harmon Cliona O'Farrelly School of Biochemistry and Immunology Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D2 Ireland School of Medicine TrinityBiomedical Sciences Institute Trinity College Dublin Dublin D2 Ireland

The human liver is usually perceived as a non-immunological organ engaged primarily in metabolic, nutrient storage and detoxification activities. However, we now know that the healthy liver is also a site of complex immunological activity mediated by a diverse immune cell repertoire as well as non-hematopoietic cell populations. In the nondiseased liver, metabolic and tissue remodeling functions require elements of inflammation. This inflammation, in combination with regular exposure to dietary and microbial products, creates the potential for excessive immune activation. In this complex microenvironment, the hepatic immune system tolerates harmless molecules while at the same time remaining alert to possible infectious agents, malignant cells or tissue damage. Upon appropriate immune activation to challenge by pathogens or tissue damage, mechanisms to resolve inflammation are essential to maintain liver homeostasis. Failure to clear ＇dangerous＇ stimuli or regulate appropriately activated immune mechanisms leads to pathological inflammation and disrupted tissue homeostasis characterized by the progressive development of fibrosis, cirrhosis and eventual liver failure. Hepatic inflammatory mechanisms therefore have a spectrum of roles in the healthy adult liver; they are essential to maintain tissue and organ homeostasis and, when dysregulated, are key drivers of the liver pathology associated with chronic infection, autoimmunity and malignancy. In this review, we explore the changing perception of inflammation and inflammatory mediators in normal liver homeostasis and propose targeting of liver-specific immune regulation pathways as a therapeutic approach to treat liver disease.

关键词： homeostasis immunology inflammation liver tolerance