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静眼训练对多向飞碟青少年运动员技能学习的影响:一项个案研究

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静眼训练对多向飞碟青少年运动员技能学习的影响:一项个案研究

第二十一届全国心理学学术会议

作者：孙国晓张力为郑猛 mark wilson 山东大学体育学院北京体育大学心理学院河南省射击运动管理中心 University of Exeter

看靶被认为是多向飞碟射击的制胜因素之一,但是,训练运动员眼动追踪碟靶能否促进多向飞碟射击的技能学习和运动表现有待进一步探讨。前人研究发现,多向飞碟高水平运动员比较高水平运动员在碟靶上有更长的眼动追踪时间,前人研究还发现,... 详细信息

看靶被认为是多向飞碟射击的制胜因素之一,但是,训练运动员眼动追踪碟靶能否促进多向飞碟射击的技能学习和运动表现有待进一步探讨。前人研究发现,多向飞碟高水平运动员比较高水平运动员在碟靶上有更长的眼动追踪时间,前人研究还发现,静眼训练有助于双向飞碟(飞碟射击中的一类,与多向飞碟均为瞄准性移动目标射击任务)高水平运动员的运动表现。但是,静眼训练能否促进多向飞碟新手运动员的技能学习有待探究。本研究采用多重基线设计,对5名多向飞碟青少年运动员(平均年龄为16.60岁,标准差为0.89;训练年限均为1.5年)进行静眼训练。每名运动员首先进行3-4次基线阶段测试,然后进行8-11次干预阶段测试,干预结束两周后再进行3-4次保持阶段测试。干预阶段通过教练员指导语提示、视频模仿和反馈进行静眼训练,干预阶段共持续4周。研究发现训练后3名运动员对碟靶有更高的眼动追踪比率和更高的击中率,1名运动员对碟靶的眼动追踪比率有大幅下降,击中率有小幅下降,1名运动员对碟靶的眼动追踪比率和击中率改变较小。另外,本研究也未能监测到静眼训练的保持效果。这一结果说明,静眼训练对于提高多向飞碟射击运动员眼动追踪碟靶能力和击中具有一定的积极作用,但是,并不能使每一位运动员都获益。本研究对前人分组比较研究中发现的静眼训练效果进行了质疑。静眼训练研究和实践应当考虑个体差异的影响,采取个性化的训练方法。

关键词：静眼训练注意多向飞碟射击运动表现多重基线设计

静眼训练比技术训练和注意控制训练更有助于移动目标任务技能学习

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静眼训练比技术训练和注意控制训练更有助于移动目标任务技能学习

第十九届全国心理学学术会议

作者：孙国晓张力为 mark R wilson 北京体育大学运动人体科学学院运动心理学教研室 University of Exeter

研究发现静眼训练有助于技能学习,而前人静眼训练研究多以技术训练组为唯一对照组(如Miles,Vine,wood,&wilson,2014)。但技术训练组接受到的指导语不利于注意控制,易导致研究参与者的注意焦点从任务相关的目标信息转移到内部(Maxwell&Ma... 详细信息

研究发现静眼训练有助于技能学习,而前人静眼训练研究多以技术训练组为唯一对照组(如Miles,Vine,wood,&wilson,2014)。但技术训练组接受到的指导语不利于注意控制,易导致研究参与者的注意焦点从任务相关的目标信息转移到内部(Maxwell&Masters,2008;wulf,2013)。基于此,本研究同时以技术训练组和注意控制训练组为对照组,从而更深入探讨静眼训练的作用。研究假设:相比于技术训练和注意控制训练,静眼训练更有助于技能学习,这种效应还可迁移到压力情境中。设置一项移动目标瞄准任务,招募62名研究参与者,随机分配到静眼训练、技术训练和注意控制组。所有研究参与者均完成前测、训练以及3次后测(保持性测试1、压力测试和保持性测试2),前测和3次后测后均测量状态焦虑水平。以训练方式为组间自变量,3次后测为组内自变量,各变量前测值为协变量,分别对状态焦虑水平、静眼时间和移动目标瞄准成绩进行重复测量协方差分析。结果发现,第一,在状态焦虑水平上发现了不同测试之间的差异,F(2,56)=6.81,p=.002,η=.11(事后多重比较发现压力下的焦虑水平显著高于保持性测试1,保持性测试1显著高于保持性测试2,p’s.1);第三,在移动目标瞄准成绩上同样发现了训练方式的主效应,F(2,57)=3.64,p=.03,η=.11(事后多重比较发现,静眼训练组显著好于技术训练组和注意控制组,p’s1)。这说明,静眼训练比技术训练和注意控制训练更有助于技能学习,但这种优势在压力情境中并不明显。

关键词：静眼运动表现技能学习压力注意焦点

静眼训练如何促进移动目标任务运动表现? 外部注意焦点和动作预编程的解释

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静眼训练如何促进移动目标任务运动表现? 外部注意焦点和动作预...

第二十届全国心理学学术会议--心理学与国民心理健康

作者：孙国晓张力为 mark R.wilson 北京体育大学 University of Exeter

静眼指对特定区域一定视角范围内不少于100ms的最后注视时间或追踪时间,是近年来运动心理学研究的一个重要课题(Vickers, 2007)。前人研究发现,静眼训练促进运动表现,但移动目标任务中的效果有待检验,静眼训练如何促进运动表现也值得探... 详细信息

静眼指对特定区域一定视角范围内不少于100ms的最后注视时间或追踪时间,是近年来运动心理学研究的一个重要课题(Vickers, 2007)。前人研究发现,静眼训练促进运动表现,但移动目标任务中的效果有待检验,静眼训练如何促进运动表现也值得探讨。本实验在一项瞄准性移动目标任务中探讨以上问题。邀请87名大学生参与实验,将其随机分配到4种训练组(静眼训练、远端外部注意焦点训练、近端外部注意焦点训练、内部注意焦点训练),按照眼睛追踪目标、注意关注目标、关注球的轨迹、关注手臂动作的不同要求参加训练,测验流程为前测、训练阶段、保持性测试1、压力测试、保持性测试2。以各变量前测值作为协变量的重复测量协方差分析发现,在静眼时间和运动表现上,训练方法主效应不显著,但均存在趋势(ps .09)。多重比较发现,静眼训练组优于近端外部注意焦点训练组和内部注意焦点训练组,但与远端外部注意焦点训练组并无显著性差异,其他组之间也未发现显著性差异。这说明静眼训练发挥作用可能是因为其提供了远端外部注意焦点。本实验还发现,在静眼前期(关键动作开始前在目标上的追踪时间)上存在训练方法主效应(p=.002,η=.21),静眼训练组的静眼前期显著长于其他3组。考虑到静眼训练有优于远端外部注意焦点训练组的趋势(静眼训练组显著好于另外两组,而远端外部注意焦点训练组和另外两组之间无显著差异),这一结果提示静眼训练发挥作用还可能是因为促进了动作预编程过程,这支持了静眼训练的动作预编程解释。本实验还以Eysenck、Derakshan、Santos和Calvo(2007)的注意控制理论为依据,设置压力情境,比较静眼训练组和对照组在压力及非压力情境下的静眼时间和运动表现,检验静眼训练的自上而下目标导向注意控制解释,但未得到实验结果支持。总而言之,通过静眼训练延长静眼时间可提高移动目标任务的运动表现;静眼训练促进运动表现有两种解释:提供远端外部注意焦点和促进动作预编程过程。

关键词：静眼注意焦点动作预编程注意控制理论

慢性阻塞性肺病患者的家庭医疗保健:随机对照试验

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英国医学杂志中文版 2004年第4期7卷 253-254页

作者： Oshana Hermiz Elizabeth Comino Guy marks Kathy Daffurn Stephen wilson mark Harris 顾佳

目的:评价为出院后的慢性阻塞性肺病患者提供部分社区医疗保健服务的有效性。设计:随机对照试验。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺病家庭医疗保健试验预防

Comparison of clinical outcomes between femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 78-90页

作者： Robert Edward Ty Ang Michelle Marie Salcedo Quinto Emerson Marquez Cruz mark Christian Reyes Rivera Gladness Henna Austria Martinez Asian Eye Institute Rockwell CenterMakati City 1200Philippines Cardinal Santos Medical Center 10 Wilson St.San Juan City 1502Philippines

Background:To compare femtosecond laser-assisted versus conventional phacoemulsification in terms of visual and refractive outcomes,cumulative dissipated energy,anterior chamber inflammation and endothelial cell ***:In this retrospective cohort study,records of eyes that underwent femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)or conventional phacoemulsification(CP)were *** Victus femtosecond laser(Bausch and Lomb,Germany)was used to carry out corneal incisions,anterior capsulotomy,and lens fragmentation in FLACS *** refraction spherical equivalence(MRSE),uncorrected distance visual acuity(UDVA),corrected distance visual acuity(CDVA),cumulative dissipated energy(CDE),postoperative cells and flare and endothelial cell count data were *** analysis of the visual acuity tests was performed based on the type of intraocular lens implanted(monofocal,monofocal toric,multifocal,multifocal toric,accommodating).Results:A total of 735 eyes were included in the study(296 eyes for the FLACS group and 439 eyes for the CP group).At one year follow-up,120 eyes comprised the FLACS group and 265 eyes for the CP *** in the FLACS group was−0.16±0.58 D and−0.20±0.52 D in the CP group(P=0.50).UDVA in the FLACS group was 20/25(mean logMAR 0.12±0.13)and 20/25(mean logMAR 0.11±0.13)in the CP group(P=0.48).CDVA was 20/20(mean logMAR 0.03±0.07)in the FLACS group and 20/20(mean logMAR 0.02±0.06)in the CP group(P=0.15).No statistically significant trend was seen for FLACS versus CP by intraocular type for visual *** for the different cataract grades ranged from 6.97±5.74 to 29.02±16.07 in the FLACS group and 7.59±6.42 to 35.69±18.30 in the CP *** FLACS group was significantly lower for post-operative central corneal edema(P=0.05),cells and flare(P=0.01),and endothelial cell loss(P=0.04).Conclusions:Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery and conventional phacoemulsification had similar refractive and visual ***

关键词： Femtosecond laser Phacoemulsification Cataract Cumulative dissipated energy Endothelial cell loss Flare

GIS在肠道线虫病感染地区性分布研究中的应用

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GIS在肠道线虫病感染地区性分布研究中的应用

中国科协2001年学术年会

作者：李文王金祥鲍书明寇景轩 mark L.wilson 山东省寄生虫病防治研究所

地理信息系统(GIS)是收集、管理、分析和显示与地理位置有关的信息数据的计算机系统,是近年飞速发展的涉及多学科领域的综合技术。本文报道的是GIS应用于分析我国三种肠道线虫病的地理分布特征并探讨与之相关因素的实例,在数据分析过程...

地理信息系统(GIS)是收集、管理、分析和显示与地理位置有关的信息数据的计算机系统,是近年飞速发展的涉及多学科领域的综合技术。本文报道的是GIS应用于分析我国三种肠道线虫病的地理分布特征并探讨与之相关因素的实例,在数据分析过程中体现了GIS收集、分析、显示空

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Preparation of elastomeric nanocomposites using nanocellulose and recycled alum sludge for flexible dielectric materials

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Journal of Advanced Dielectrics 2023年第1期13卷 57-65页

作者： Dongyang Sun Bernard L.H.Saw Amaka J.Onyianta Bowen wang Callum wilson Dominic O’Rourke Chan H.See Carmen-Mihaela Popescu mark Dorris Islam Shyha Zhilun Lu School of Engineering and Built Environment Edinburgh Napier UniversityEdinburghUK Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman KajangMalaysia Bristol Composites Institute School of CivilAerospace and Mechanical Engineering University of BristolUniversity WalkBristolBS81TRUK School of Engineering and Materials Science Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUK Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry of the Romanian Academy IasiRomania

Flexible dielectric materials with environmental-friendly,low-cost and high-energy density characteristics are in increasing demand as the world steps into the new Industrial 4.0 *** this work,an elastomeric nanocomposite was developed by incorporating two components:cellulose nanofibrils(CNFs)and recycled alum sludge,as the reinforcement phase and to improve the dielectric properties,in a bio-elastomer *** and alum sludge were produced by processing waste materials that would otherwise be disposed to landfills.A biodegradable elastomer polydimethylsiloxane was used as the matrix and the nanocomposites were processed by casting the materials in Petri *** extraction and heat treatment of alum sludge were conducted and characterized using various techniques including scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetric(TGA/DTG)and X-ray diffraction(XRD)*** preparing the nanocomposite samples,various amount of alum sludge was added to examine their impact on the mechanical,thermal and electrical *** have shown that it could be a sustainable practice of reusing such wastes in preparing flexible,lightweight and miniature dielectric materials that can be used for energy storage applications.

关键词： Nanocellulose biodegradable sustainable alum sludge nanocomposite flexible dielectric

Analysis of the human Atox 1 homologue in wilson patients

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world Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第15期14卷 2383-2387页

作者： Isabel Simon mark Schaefer Jürgen Reichert wolfgang Stremmel Department of Gastroenterology University of HeidelbergGermany

AIM: To analyze the metallochaperone antioxidant-1 (Atox1) gene sequence in wilson disease patients. METHODS: Mutation analysis of the four exons of the Atox1 gene including the intron- exon boundaries was performed in 63 wilson disease patients by direct sequencing. RESULTS: From 63 selected patients no mutations were identified after the entire coding region including the intron- exon boundaries of Atox1 were sequenced. One known polymorphism within the Atox1 gene (5’UTR -99 T>C) in 31 (49%) of the wilson patients as well as one previously undescribed variation (5’UTR -68 C>T) in 2 of the wilson patients could be detected. Statistical analyses revealed that the existence of a variation within the Atox1- gene showed a tendency towards an earlier onset of the disease. CONCLUSION: Based on the data of this study, no major role can be attributed to Atox1 in the pathophysiology or clinical variation of wilson disease.

关键词： Antioxidant-1 wilson disease wilson's disease protein Mutation analysis

Incidenee and time-varying predictors of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among male sex workers in Mexico City

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第1期10卷 36-45页

作者： Karla Y.Ganley Marta wilson-Barthes Andrew R.Zullo Sandra G.Sosa-Rubi Carlos J.Conde-Glez Santa Garcia-Cisneros mark N.Lurie Brandon D.L.Marshall Don Operario Kenneth H.Mayer Omar Galarraga Department of Narrative Medicine Columbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA Department of Epidemiology School of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvide neeRlUSA Department of Health Services Policyand PracticeSchool of Public HealthBrown University121 South Main StreetBox G-121S-2ProvidenceRl 02912USA National Institute of Public Health(INSP) CuernavacaMorelosMexico Department of Behavioral and Social Science School of Public HealthBrown UniversityProvidenceRlUSA Fenway Health and Harvard University BostonMAUSA.

Background:Male sex workers are at high-risk for acquisition of sexually transmitted infections(STIs),including human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).we quantified incidence rates of STIs and identified their time-varying predictors among male sex workers in Mexico ***:From January 2012 to May 2014,male sex workers recruited from the largest HIV clinic and community sites in Mexico City were tested for chlamydia,gonorrhea,syphilis,hepatitis,and HIV at baseline,6-months,and *** nee rates with 95%bootstrapped confide nee limits were *** examined potential timevarying predictors using generalized estimating equations for a population averaged ***:Among 227 male sex workers,median age was 24 and baseline HIV prevalence was 32%.Incidence rates(per 100 person-years)were as follows:HIV[5.23;95%confidence interval(CI):2.15-10.31],chlamydia(5.15;95%CI:2.58-9.34),gonorrhea(3.93;95%CI:1.88-7.83),syphilis(13.04;95%CI:8.24-19.94),hepatitis B(2.11;95%CI:0.53-4.89),hepatitis C(0.95;95%CI:0.00-3.16),any STI except HIV(30.99;95%CI:21.73-40.26),and any STI including HIV(50.08;95%CI:37.6062.55).In the multivariable-adjusted model,incident STI(excluding HIV)were lower among those who reported consistently using condoms during anal and vaginal intercourse(odds ratio=0.03,95%CI:0.00-0.68)compared to those who reported inconsistently using condoms during anal and vaginal ***:Incidence of STIs is high among male sex workers in Mexico *** condom use is an important protective factor for STIs,and should be an important comp on ent of interventions to prevent incide nt infect i ons.

关键词： Male sex worker Men who have sex with men HIV Sexually transmitted infection Transmission Risk factor Mexico