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Zebrafish Wnt9b Patterns the First Pharyngeal Arch into D-I-V Domains and Promotes Anterior-Medial Outgrowth

American Journal of Molecular Biology 2015年第3期5卷 57-83页

作者： Henry Wells Jackson Divakar Prakash mark litaker Tracie Ferreira Peter A. Jezewski Department of Genetics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham USA University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Institute of Oral Health Research Birmingham USA Department of Clinical and Community Sciences University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham USA Department of Bioengineering University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Dartmouth MA USA Department of Pediatric Dentistry University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Dentistry Birmingham AL USA

Disrupted morphogenesis and growth of the embryonic maxillary jaw lead to oral facial clefting in humans (OFC) and result in an incompletely formed secondary mouth and face. A requirement for Wnt signaling and Wnt9b in particular are postulated in the etiology of OFC from association studies in humans and from animal models. Loss of murine Wnt9b leads to reduced upper jaw (maxillary) outgrowth and OFC, though the signaling architecture leading to this phenotype is poorly understood. Previous murine Wnt9b studies largely overlooked cranial neural crest cell (CNCC) patterning events and instead focused on later events during fusion of facial prominences. Using zebrafish and a morpholino-mediated knockdown approach, we demonstrate functional requirements for Wnt9b signaling during two crucial stages of facial development: 1) CNCC patterning into Dorsal-Intermediate-Ventral (D-I-V) domains;and 2) facial outgrowth during the primary to secondary mouth transition (PM to SM). Zebrafish embryos deficient for Wnt9b (Wnt9b morphants) exhibit an open bite with fused jaw joints as well as a flat face. Open bite and jaw joint fusion in Wnt9b morphants phenocopies characteristics of edn1 pathway is mutant zebrafish with disrupted D-I-V patterning of CNCC. Expression studies show Wnt9b morphants exhibit perturbed expression of edn1 signaling targets including dlx2a, jag1b, and msxe, consistent with disrupted CNCC patterning. Wnt9b morphant upper jaws have stunted outgrowth reminiscent of murine Wnt9b mutants and Wnt9b morphant skulls phenocopy the broad class of foreshortened skull zebrafish mutants known as hammerheads. Wnt9b morphants show upregulated expression of pitx2a after the opening of the primary mouth and disrupted expression of Wnt5b which is consistent with disrupted chondrocyte stacking. Strong upregulation of dorsal mesodermal frzb expression in the prechordal plate of Wnt9b morphants suggests a role for Wnt9b in primary mouth induction or maintenance. Collectively

关键词： Cleft Morphogenesis Patterning Cranial Neural Crest Cell Pharyngeal Arch Primary/Secondary Mouth

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<i>In vivo</i>evaluation of an experimental root-end filling material versus MTA

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Open Journal of Animal Sciences 2013年第3期3卷 19-23页

作者： Paul D. Eleazer S. Craig Rhodes David M. Horn Patricia DeVilliers Shi Wei Lea Novak Erik D. Dohm Richard A. Weems mark S. litaker Animal Resource Program University of Alabama Birmingham USA Department of Anatomic Pathology University of Alabama School of Medicine Birmingham USA Department of Behavioral and Population Sciences University of Alabama School of Dentistry Birmingham USA Department of Endodontics Texas A&M Baylor College of Dentistry Dallas USA Department of Endodontics University of Alabama School of Dentistry Birmingham USA Department of General Dentistry University of Alabama School of Dentistry Birmingham USA Private Practice Birmingham USA Veterans Administration Atlanta USA

Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been found to be very biocompatible in a large number of studies. However, the handling properties can be challenging and research on modified materials to enhance placement are few. The purpose of this study is to compare a new faster setting, and more easily placed preparation with classic MTA in an animal model. Canine premolar teeth from two dogs were randomized and received quadrant surgery timed to allow 50 day and 98 day comparisons. Histologic and radiographic comparisons were made. Results were essentially equal in healing, even close to the materials.

关键词： MTA Dog Pulp Root

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