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Interaction between climatic, environmental, and demographic factors on cholera outbreaks in Kenya

Infectious diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 338-346页

作者： james d Stoltzfus jane Y Carter Muge Akpinar-Elci Martin Matu Victoria Kimotho mark j Giganti daniel Langat Omur Cinar Elci School of Medicine Department of Public Health and Preventive MedicineSt.George’s University(SGU)West IndiesGrenada African Medical and Research Foundation(AMREF) NairobiKenya. Center for Global Health College of Health SciencesOld Dominion UniversityNorfolkVAUSA

Background:Cholera remains an important public health concern in developing countries including Kenya where 11,769 cases and 274 deaths were reported in 2009 according to the World Health Organization(WHO).This ecological study investigates the impact of various climatic,environmental,and demographic variables on the spatial distribution of cholera cases in ***:district-level data was gathered from Kenya’s division of disease Surveillance and Response,the Meteorological department,and the National Bureau of *** data included the entire population of Kenya from 1999 to ***:Multivariate analyses showed that districts had an increased risk of cholera outbreaks when a greater proportion of the population lived more than five kilometers from a health facility(RR:1.025 per 1%increase;95%CI:1.010,1.039),bordered a body of water(RR:5.5;95%CI:2.472,12.404),experienced increased rainfall from October to december(RR:1.003 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:1.001,1.005),and experienced decreased rainfall from April to june(RR:0.996 per 1 mm increase;95%CI:0.992,0.999).There was no detectable association between cholera and population density,poverty,availability of piped water,waste disposal methods,rainfall from january to March,or rainfall from july to ***:Bordering a large body of water,lack of health facilities nearby,and changes in rainfall were significantly associated with an increased risk of cholera in Kenya.

关键词： Cholera Education Health infrastructure Population density Poverty Rainfall Waste disposal Water supply

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The Effect of Aprotinin on Outcome after Coronary-Artery Bypass Grafting

The Effect of Aprotinin on Outcome after Coronary-Artery Byp...

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中成药上市后药物流行病学评价培训会议

作者： Andrew d.Shaw mark Stafford-Smith William d.White Barbara Phillips-Bute Madhav Swaminathan Carmelo Milano Ian j.Welsby Solomon Aronson joseph P.Mathew Eric d.Peterson mark F.Newman the departments of Anesthesiology duke University Medical Center DurhamNC M.B. the departments of Anesthesiology duke University Medical Center DurhamNCM.D. the departments of Anesthesiology duke University Medical Center DurhamNC M.P.H. the departments of Anesthesiology duke University Medical Center DurhamNC Ph.D. the departments of Anesthesiology duke University Medical Center DurhamNC M.D. the departments of Surgery duke University Medical Center DurhamNC M.D. the departments of the duke Clinical Research Institute duke University Medical Center DurhamNC M.D. M.P.H

BACKGROUNd Aprotinin has recently been associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing cardiac *** reviewed our experience with this agent in patients undergoing cardiac surgery at duke University Medical Center. METHOdS We retrieved data on 10,275 consecutive patients undergoing surgical coronary revascularization at duke between january 1,1996,and december 31,*** fit data to a logistic-regression model predicting each patient’s likelihood of receiving aprotinin on the basis of preoperative characteristics and to models predicting long-term survival(up to 10 years) and decline in renal function,as measured by increases in serum creatinine levels. RESULTS A total of 1343 patients(13.2%) received aprotinin,6776 patients(66.8%) received aminocaproic acid,and 2029 patients(20.0%) received no antifibrinolytic therapy. All patients underwent coronary-artery bypass grafting,and 1181 patients(11.5%) underwent combined coronary-artery bypass grafting and valve *** the risk-adjusted model,survival was worse among patients treated with aprotinin,with a main-effects hazard ratio for death of 1.32(95%confidence interval[CI],1.12 to 1.55) for the comparison with patients receiving no antifibrinolytic therapy(P=0.003) and 1.27(95%CI,1.10 to 1.46) for the comparison with patients receiving aminocaproic acid(P=0.004).As compared with the use of aminocaproic acid or no antifibrinolytic agent,aprotinin use was also associated with a larger risk-adjusted increase in the serum creatinine level(Pdjusted incidence of dialysis(P=0.56). CONCLUSIONS Patients who received aprotinin had a higher mortality rate and larger increases in serum creatinine levels than those who received aminocaproic acid or no antifibrinolytic agent.

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美国历史上的慈善组织、公益事业和公民性

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作者：劳伦斯·j. 弗里德曼(Lawrence j. Friedman) 马克·d. 麦加维(mark d. McGarvie)

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A Floating Island Treatment System for the Removal of Phosphorus from Surface Waters

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 597-609页

作者： mark T. Brown Treavor Boyer R.j. Sindelar Sam Arden Amar Persaud Sherry Brandt-Williams department of Environmental Engineering Sciences University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA St. johns River Water Management district Palatka FL 32177 USA

The goal of this project was to design, build, and test a pilot-scale floating modular treatment system for total phosphorus （TP） removal from nutrient-impaired lakes in central Florida, USA. The treatment sys-tem consisted of biological and physical-chemical treatment modules. First, investigations of prospective biological and physical-chemical treatment processes in mesocosms and in bench-scale experiments were conducted. Thirteen different mesocosms were constructed with a variety of substrates and combi-nations of macrophytes and tested for TP and orthophosphate （PO4-^3） removal efficiencies and potential areal removal rates. Bench-scale jar tests and column tests of seven types of absorptive media in addition to three commercial resins were conducted in order to test absorptive capacity. Once isolated process testing was complete, a floating island treatment system （FITS） was designed and deployed for eight months in a lake in central Florida. Phosphorus removal efficiencies of the mesocosm systems averaged about 40%-50%, providing an average uptake of 5.0 g.m ^2.a ^1 across all mesocosms. The best-performing mesocosms were a submerged aquatic vegetation （SAV） mesocosm and an algae scrubber （AGS）, which removed 20 and 50 mg.m ^2.d ^1, respectively, for an average removal of 5.5 and 12.0 g.m ^2.a ^1 for the SAV and AGS systems, Of the absorptive media, the best performance was alum residual （AR）, which reduced PO4-^3 concentrations by about 75% after 5 min of contact time. Of the commercial resins tested, the PhosX resin was superior to the others, removing about 40% of phosphorus after 30 rain and 60% after 60min. Under baseline operation conditions during deployment, the FITS exhibited mean PO4-^3 removal efficiencies of 53%; using the 50th and 90th percentile of PO4-^3 removal during deployment, and the footprint of the FITS system, yielded efficiencies for the combined FITS system of 56% and 86%, respectively, and areal phosphorus removal rates between 8.9

关键词： Phosphorus removal Lake ecosystem Floating island treatment

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成年人有必要补充维生素d预防疾病吗？

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英国医学杂志中文版 2017年第7期20卷 412-415页

作者： mark j Bolland Alison Avenell 陈健华高晶 department of Medicine University of Auckland Auckland 1142 New Zealand Health Services Research Unit University of Aberdeen Aberdeen AB25 2ZD Scotland 北京协和医院神经科

美国预防医疗项目工作组（The US Preventive Services Task Force）建议健康的绝经后妇女补充维生素d和钙剂预防骨折。尽管有高质量的系统性综述说明此举无效，许多指南依然继续推荐补充维生素d（或者联合钙剂）预防跌倒或骨折。最近... 详细信息

美国预防医疗项目工作组（The US Preventive Services Task Force）建议健康的绝经后妇女补充维生素d和钙剂预防骨折。尽管有高质量的系统性综述说明此举无效，许多指南依然继续推荐补充维生素d（或者联合钙剂）预防跌倒或骨折。最近，英国公共卫生组织（Public Health England）推荐人均维生素d摄取量为每天10μg（400IU）以保护骨骼和肌肉健康。

关键词：成年人维生素d 预防疾病保健知识

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Prosthetic education: Are occupational therapy students’ needs being met?

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Open journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation 2014年第1期2卷 5-11页

作者： Marilyn Mitchell mark Gorelick david I. Anderson diane j. Atkins department of Kinesiology San Francisco State University San Francisco USA department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA

Based on a previous survey on prosthetics and orthotics training in occupational therapy (OT) [1], we developed a 14-question online questionnaire that was made available to the directors of 167 occupational therapy programs (Masters and Ph.d.) in the US and Canada. Fifty- two surveys were completed for a response rate of 31%. Overall, the results indicated that since the previous survey, little has changed in the amount of time and emphasis OT faculty assign to providing training in prosthetics and orthotics, or in the training experiences, OT students receive. Notably, only a few hours of the total OT curriculum is devoted to training in prosthetics. For the majority of programs (62%) the content was embedded within related classes. Only 32% of programs had a required lecture in prosthetics/orthotics. despite the lack of time given in the curriculum, 85% of program directors thought that training in prosthetics/orthotics was important or very important. The use of prosthetic simulators was reported as the single most desirable training tool. However, lack of time and overcrowding in the curriculum were cited as the greatest barriers to providing more training to students. We elaborate on these findings, discuss their implications for OT students and practitioners, and provide specific recommendations about how to overcome the barriers and enhance upper limb amputee exposure and knowledge through the prosthetic training experience.

关键词： Arm Prostheses Occupational Therapy Academic Training

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GPS接收机同现有惯导系统组合

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国外导弹与航天运载器 1989年第7期 36-46页

作者： d.A.Tazartes j.G.mark 王永平

目前正在使用许多平台型和环形激光捷联型惯性导航系统(INS)。本文讨论在这些系统中装一个小型GPS接收机的必要性和可能性。微处理机、门阵列和面安装装置等技术上的进展可使现有的NIS电子线路置于一个缩小的空间中。在许多情况下,剩下... 详细信息

目前正在使用许多平台型和环形激光捷联型惯性导航系统(INS)。本文讨论在这些系统中装一个小型GPS接收机的必要性和可能性。微处理机、门阵列和面安装装置等技术上的进展可使现有的NIS电子线路置于一个缩小的空间中。在许多情况下,剩下的空间足可装进一个小型的GPS接收机。在INS中配置GPS接收机能解决常用系统的许多组合问题。由于数据等待时间短和良好控制,能实现GPS和INS之间的紧密配合。在这样的结构中,容易实现GPS的速率辅助。因为GPS和INS的所有数据可同时使用,所以这个方法也可导致适应性和整个性能的提高。虽然组合INS/GPS的方法没有增加重复度,但确实可以提高性能,简化结构。我们的讨论主要集中于军事系统。不过,所荐用的技术也适用于工业设备。

关键词： GPS 接收机导航系统组合

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Bright spots for inland fish and fisheries to guide future hydropower development

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Water Biology and Security 2022年第1期1卷 81-99页

作者： William M.Twardek Ian G.Cowx Nicolas W.R.Lapointe Craig Paukert T.douglas Beard Elena M.Bennett david Browne Andrew K.Carlson Keith d.Clarke Zeb Hogan Kai Lorenzen Abigail j.Lynch Peter B.McIntyre Paulo Pompeu mark Rogers Alexis Sakas William W.Taylor Taylor d.Ward Zeenatul Basher Steven j.Cooke Fish Ecology and Conservation Physiology Laboratory Department of Biology and Institute for Environmental StudiesCarleton University1125 Colonel By DrOttawaON K1S 5B6Canada Fisheries Institute at the University of Hull Cottingham RdHullHU67RXUnited Kingdom Canadian Wildlife Federation 350 Michael Cowpland DrKanataONK2M 2W1Canada U.S.Geological Survey Missouri Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitUniversity of MissouriColumbiaMO65211United States U.S.Geological Survey National Climate Adaptation Science Center12201 Sunrise Valley DriveMS-516RestonVA20192United States McGill School of Environment McGill University845 Sherbrooke St WMontrealQuebec H3A 0G4Canada Princeton Environmental Institute and department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Princeton UniversityM30 Guyot HallPrincetonNJ08544United States Ecological Sciences Section Science Branch Fisheries and Oceans CanadaCanadaPO Box/CP 5667St.John'sNewfoundland and LabradorA1C 5X1Canada University of Nevada Reno.4505 S Maryland PkwyLas VegasNV89154United States Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences School of Forest Resources and ConservationUniversity of Florida7922 NW 71st StreetGainesvilleFL32653United States department of Natural Resources Cornell UniversityIthacaNY14853United States departamento de Biologia Universidade Federal de LavrasAquenta SolLavrasState of Minas Gerais37200-900Brazil U.S.Geological Survey Tennessee Cooperative Fishery Research UnitTennessee tech UniversityCookevilleTN38505United States The Nature Conservancy 6375 Riverside DriveSuite 100DublinOH43017United States Michigan State University Department of Fisheries and WildlifeEast LansingMI48823United States

Hydropower production is one of the greatest threats to fluvial ecosystems and freshwater *** that we have entered the Anthropocene,there is an opportunity to reflect on what might constitute a‘sustainable’Anthropocene in the context of hydropower and riverine fish *** elements of existing practices that promote favorable social-ecological outcomes(i.e.,‘bright spots’)is timely given that there are plans to expand hydropower capacity in previously undammed rivers,intensify dam development in some of the world's largest river systems,and re-license existing *** approach this from a pragmatic perspective:for the foreseeable future,hydropower will likely remain an important source of renewable *** offer support for moving toward a more‘sustainable’Anthropocene,we provide syntheses of best practices during the siting,design,construction,operation,and compensation phases of hydropower development to minimize impacts on inland *** each phase,we offer positive examples(or what might be considered‘bright spots’)pertaining to some of the approaches described within our syntheses,acknowledging that these projects may not be viewed as without ecological and(or)societal detriment by all *** findings underscore the importance of protecting critical habitat and free-flowing river reaches through careful site selection and basinscale planning,infrastructure designs that minimize reservoir effects and facilitate safe passage of fish,construction of hydropower plants using best practices that minimize long-term damage,operating guidelines that mimic natural flow conditions,and compensation that is lasting,effective,inclusive,and locally *** from these‘bright spots’may require engagement of diverse stakeholders,professionals,and governments at scales that extend well beyond a given site,river,or even ***,environmental planning that integrates hydropower development into broader discussions

关键词： Migration dams Salmon Hydroelectric Flow Socioecological Fish passage Barriers Ecosystems

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Structural analysis of a nanoparticle containing a lipid bilayer used for detergent-free extraction of membrane proteins

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Nano Research 2015年第3期8卷 774-789页

作者： Mohammed jamshad Vinciane Grimard Ilaria Idini Tim j. Knowles Miriam R. dowle Naomi Schofield Pooja Sridhart Yupin Lin Rachael Finka mark Wheatley Owen R. T. Thomas Richard E. Palmerr Michael Overduin Cedric Govaerts jean-Marie Ruysschaert Karen j. Edler Tim R. dafforn School of Biosciences University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK Universite Libre de Bruxelles SFMB - CP206/2 Bd. du Triomphe Acces 2 1050 Bruxelles Belgium department of Chemistry University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK School of Cancer Studies University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2 TT UK Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory and PSIBS School of Physics and Astronomy University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK School of Chemical Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B 15 2TT UK

In the past few years there has been a growth in the use of nanoparticles for stabilizing lipid membranes that contain embedded proteins. These bionanoparticles provide a solution to the challenging problem of membrane protein isolation by maintaining a lipid bilayer essential to protein integrity and activity. We have previously described the use of an amphipathic polymer （poly（styrene-co-maleic add）, SMA） to produce discoidal nanoparticles with a lipid bilayer core containing the embedded protein. However the structure of the nanoparticle itself has not yet been determined. This leaves a major gap in understanding how the SMA stabilizes the encapsulated bilayer and how the bilayer relates physically and structurally to an unencapsulated lipid bilayer. In this paper we address this issue by describing the structure of the SMA lipid particle （SMALP） using data from small angle neutron scattering （SANS）, electron microscopy （EM）, attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （ATR-FTIR）, differential scanning calorimetry （dSC） and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy （NMR）. We show that the particle is disc shaped containing a polymer ＂bracelet＂ encircling the lipid bilayer. The structure and orientation of the individual components within the bilayer and polymer are determined showing that styrene moieties within SMA intercalate between the lipid acyl chains. The dimensions of the encapsulated bilayer are also determined and match those measured for a natural membrane. Taken together, the description of the structure of the SMALP forms the foundation for future development and applications of SMALPs in membrane protein production and analysis.

关键词： nanoparticles lipid polymer membrane proteins structure detergent

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Multifaceted signaling regulators of chondrogenesis:Implications in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering

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Genes & diseases 2015年第4期2卷 307-327页

作者： jordan d.Green Viktor Tollemar mark dougherty Zhengjian Yan Liangjun Yin jixing Ye Zachary Collier Maryam K.Mohammed Rex C.Haydon Hue H.Luu Richard Kang Michael j.Lee Sherwin H.Ho Tong-Chuan He Lewis L.Shi Aravind Athiviraham The University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine ChicagoIL 60637USA department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine The University of Chicago Medical CenterChicagoIL 60637USA department of Orthopaedic Surgery The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China School of Bioengineering Chongqing UniversityChongqingChina

defects of articular cartilage present a unique clinical challenge due to its poor self-healing capacity and avascular *** surgical treatment options do not ensure consistent regeneration of hyaline cartilage in favor of fibrous ***,we review the current understanding of the most important biological regulators of chondrogenesis and their interactions,to provide insight into potential applications for cartilage tissue *** include various signaling pathways,including fibroblast growth factors(FGFs),transforming growth factor b(TGF-b)/bone morphogenic proteins(BMPs),Wnt/b-catenin,Hedgehog,Notch,hypoxia,and angiogenic signaling *** and epigenetic regulation of chondrogenesis will also be *** in our understanding of these signaling pathways have led to promising advances in cartilage regeneration and tissue engineering.

关键词： BMPs Cartilage Cell signaling Chondrogenesis FGF Regenerative medicine

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