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Grain boundary effects in high-temperature liquid-metal dealloying: a multi-phase field study

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1039-1049页

作者： Nathan Bieberdorf mark Asta Laurent Capolungo Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA 94720USA Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National LaboratoryLos AlamosNM 87545USA

A multi-phase field model is employed to study the microstructural evolution of an alloy undergoing liquid dealloying,specifically considering the role of grain boundaries.A semi-implicit time-stepping algorithm using spectral methods is implemented,which enables simulating large 2D and 3D domains over long time scales while still maintaining a realistic interfacial *** reveal a mechanism of coupled grain–boundary migration to maintain equilibrium contact angles with the topologically complex solid–liquid interface,which locally accelerates diffusion-coupled growth of a liquid channel into the *** mechanism asymmetrically disrupts the ligament connectivity of the dealloyed structure in qualitative agreement with published experimental *** grain boundary migration-assisted corrosion channels form even for precursors with small amounts of the dissolving alloy species,below the parting *** activation of this grain boundary dealloying mechanism depends strongly on grain boundary mobility.

关键词： alloying grain alloy

Collaboration between Earth Sciences and Archaeology: Technology, resources, and synthesis

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Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第11期65卷 2033-2036页

作者： Ruiliang LIU A mark POLLARD The Department of Asia British MuseumLondon WCIB 3DGUK Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art School of ArchaeologyUniversity of OxfordOxford OXI 3TGUK

*** of the special topic The collaboration between archaeology and science can be tracked back to more than two hundred years ago and has undoubtedly led to fruitful results(for review see Pollard et al.,2007:5).One great example is attributed to the invention of radiocarbon dating by Willard ***,with the help of ancient Egyptian samples,which ultimately granted him a Nobel Prize in 1960.

关键词： synthesis attributed doubt

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摸得着的虚拟世界

环球科学 2024年第4期 48-49页

作者：马克·史密斯韦淞元(译) 不详

你可能早就通过智能手机接触过触感技术(haptics)。“hapitic”一词源于希腊语haptesthai,意为“触摸”。有了集成触感技术的电子设备,当我们在游戏或其他应用中进入虚拟世界时,就能真切感受到振动、压力、温度、阻力或移动,所有这些都... 详细信息

你可能早就通过智能手机接触过触感技术(haptics)。“hapitic”一词源于希腊语haptesthai,意为“触摸”。有了集成触感技术的电子设备,当我们在游戏或其他应用中进入虚拟世界时,就能真切感受到振动、压力、温度、阻力或移动,所有这些都旨在增强我们的体验,并为这些交互增加真实感。

关键词：虚拟世界智能手机电子设备触感希腊语交互真实感

每人支付5欧元！这是威尼斯的入城费还是逐客令？

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环球人文地理 2024年第1期 46-55页

作者：蒋雨宁 Edmond Yuen 张鹏 Luca Bravo canmandawe Tao Qi Daniil markus Nikhg Nataliia mark Alena scaliger

想去威尼斯旅行吗？进城请先支付5欧元！据路透社消息，意大利威尼斯市长路易吉·布鲁尼亚罗宣布，将在2024年4月25日开始，对进入威尼斯的游客收费。市长表示，这项措施将会让城市变得“可预约”，既能控制客流，又能保障游客的出行体...

想去威尼斯旅行吗？进城请先支付5欧元！据路透社消息，意大利威尼斯市长路易吉·布鲁尼亚罗宣布，将在2024年4月25日开始，对进入威尼斯的游客收费。市长表示，这项措施将会让城市变得“可预约”，既能控制客流，又能保障游客的出行体验。意大利时间2023年11月27日，威尼斯市长宣布，从2024年4月起，游客进入威尼斯将不再免费。

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来源：博看期刊

Extreme Weather Loss and Damage Estimation Using a Hybrid Simulation Technique

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 592-601页

作者： Charles Doktycz mark Abkowitz Hiba Baroud School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Vanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTN 37235USA

History has shown that occurrences of extreme weather are becoming more frequent and with greater impact,regardless of one's geographical *** a risk analysis setting,what will happen,how likely it is to happen,and what are the consequences,are motivating questions searching for *** help address these considerations,this study introduced and applied a hybrid simulation model developed for the purpose of improving understanding of the costs of extreme weather events in the form of loss and damage,based on empirical data in the contiguous United *** results are encouraging,showing on average a mean cost estimate within 5%of the historical *** creates opportunities to improve the accuracy in estimating the expected costs of such events for a specific event type and geographic *** turn,by having a more credible price point in determining the cost-effectiveness of various infrastructure adaptation strategies,it can help in making the business case for resilience investment.

关键词： Climate change Cost estimation Extreme weather Loss and damage Loss normalization Monte Carlo simulation

Realistic magnetic thermodynamics by local quantization of a semiclassical Heisenberg model

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npj Computational Materials 2022年第1期8卷 1771-1776页

作者： Flynn Walsh mark Asta Lin-Wang Wang Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA94720USA Graduate Group in Applied Science and Technology University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of CaliforniaBerkeleyCA94720USA Institute of Semiconductors Chinese Academy of Sciences100083BeijingChina

Classical Monte Carlo simulation of the Heisenberg model poorly describes many thermodynamic phenomena due to its neglect of the quantum nature of ***,we discuss how to semiclassically approach the quantum problem and demonstrate a simple method for introducing a locally approximate form of spin *** the procedure underestimates magnetic short-range order,our results suggest a simple correction for recovering realistic spin–spin correlations above the critical ***,ensemble fluctuations are found to provide reasonably accurate thermodynamics,largely reproducing quantum mechanically calculated heat capacities and experimental magnetometry for ferromagnetic Fe and antiferromagnetic *** of the method are proposed to address remaining inaccuracies.

关键词： temperature thermodynamics Heisenberg

Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spiders:Differences in body parameters and behavior

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 535-551页

作者： LászlóMezőfi Viktor markó DóraÁgnes Taranyi Gábor markó Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary Institute of Viticulture and Enology Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary

Selection forces often generate sex-specific differences in various traits closely related to *** in adult spiders(Araneae),sexes often differ in coloration,body size,antipredator,or foraging behavior,such sex-related differences are less pronounced among ***,sex-specific life-history strategies may also be adaptive for ***,we hypothesized that among spiders,immature individuals show different life-history strategies that are expressed as sex-specific differences in body parameters and behavioral features,and also in their *** used immature individuals of a protandrous jumping spider,Carrhotus xanthogramma,and examined sex-related *** results showed that males have higher mass and larger prosoma than *** were more active and more risk tolerant than *** activity increased with time,and larger males tended to capture the prey faster than small ones,while females showed no such ***,females reacted to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test *** both males and females,individuals with better body conditions tended to be more risk *** showed no sex-specific differences in interindividual behavioral consistency and in intraindividual behavioral variation in the measured behavioral ***,we also found evidence for behavioral syndromes(i.e.,correlation between different behaviors),where in males,only the activity correlated with the risk-taking behavior,but in females,all the measured behavioral traits were *** present study demonstrates that *** sexes follow different life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.

关键词： activity behavioral syndrome boldness intraindividual variability repeatability sexual dimorphism

Covalent edge-functionalization of graphene oxide with porphyrins for highly efficient photoinduced electron/energy transfer and enhanced nonlinear optical performance

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Nano Research 2023年第1期16卷 25-32页

作者： Lulu Fu mark G.Humphrey Chi Zhang China-Australia Joint Research Center for Functional Molecular Materials School of Chemical Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China School of Chemical and Material Engineering Jiangnan UniversityWuxi 214122China Research School of Chemistry Australian National UniversityCanberraACT 2601Australia

Covalent modification of graphene oxide(GO)with functional chromophores plays an important role in constructing various kinds of advanced optoelectronic materials for applications in molecular diagnosis,light-harvesting,photodynamic therapy,and optical ***,a new approach to functionalizing GO with meso-substituted formylporphyrins at GO’s edge sites via imidazole condensation is developed,which affords a novel GO-imi-Por nanohybrid covalently-linked by imidazole rings between two *** structure of the GO-imi-Por nanohybrid was thoroughly characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared(ATR-FTIR),Raman,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The red-shifted steady-state absorption,95%quenched fluorescence,and largely enhanced nonlinear optical(NLO)properties through Z-scan studies at lower input energies demonstrate that this GO-imi-Por nanohybrid exhibits a more effective photoinduced energy/electron transfer between the intrahybrid two components and can be flexibly applied as an optical limiter *** covalent edge-functionalization approach provides a new paradigm for constructing various edge-expanding GO nanohybrids with an efficient energy/electron transfer process and improved nonlinear optical effects,which would draw inspiration for engineering more adaptable optoelectronic devices.

关键词： covalent edge-functionalization nonlinear optics graphene oxide porphyrin nanohybrid

Fuel and vegetation changes in southwestern, unburned portions of Great Smoky Mountains National Park, USA, 2003-2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2022年第5期33卷 1459-1470页

作者： T.Adam Coates W.mark Ford Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA U.S.Geological Survey Virginia Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research UnitDepartment of Fisheries and Wildlife ConservationVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State UniversityBlacksburgVA 24061USA

Overstory basal area,ericaceous shrub cover(Kalmia latifolia *** Rhododendron maximum L.),and fuels(i.e.,woody fuel loads and depths and O Horizon thickness) were assessed within Great Smoky Mountains National Park,USA,in *** to recent wildfire activity within the southern Appalachian Mountain region(including Great Smoky Mountains National Park),the potential spread and expansion of ericaceous shrubs,and the impacts of the hemlock woolly adelgid(Adelges tsugae Annand) on eastern hemlock(Tsuga canadensis(L.) Carrière),these same ecosystem components were again assessed in *** and moisture regime(xeric,intermediate,and mesic) were included in this assessment as potential influential *** evaluation of repeated measurements from 40 plots suggested that O Horizon thickness did not change significantly over the 16-year period,but increased as elevation increased,and moisture regime(xeric O Horizon thickness> mesic O Horizon thickness) was a significant,related *** sum of 1-,10-,and 100-h fuel loads(fuels less 7.6 cm diameter),total woody fuel loads,ericaceous shrub cover,total basal area,or live *** basal area were *** *** basal area decreased with increasing ***,standing *** basal area increased from 2003-2019,and that increase was most pronounced as elevation increased on xeric and intermediate ***,we found that:*** increases in total woody fuel loads and ericaceous shrub cover were not present;and *** and moisture regime were most related to observed changes in vegetation and fuel condition.

关键词： Eastern hemlock Hemlock woolly adelgid Mountain laurel Rhododendron