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Substantial subpial cortical demyelination in progressive multiple sclerosis: have we underestimated the extent of cortical pathology?

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2020年第1期7卷 51-67页

作者： Lauren Griffiths Richard Reynolds Rhian Evans Ryan J.Bevan mark i.rees Djordje Gveric James W.Neal Owain W.Howell institute of Life Sciences Swansea University Medical SchoolSwansea UniversitySwansea SA28PPUK Department of Brain Sciences Faculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W53EHUK Faculty of Medicine and Health University of SydneySydneyNew South Wales NSW 2006Australia

Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease. Much of the complex symptomatology relates to pathology outside the classic white matter plaque, whereby lesions of the cortical grey matter, which are difficult to resolve by conventional clinical imaging, are in part predictive of outcome. We investigated the extent of grey matter pathology in whole coronal macrosections to reassess the contribution of cortical pathology to total demyelinating lesion area in progressive MS. Methods: Twenty-two cases of progressive MS were prepared as whole bi-hemispheric macrosections for histology, immunostaining and quantitative analysis of lesion number and relative area, leptomeningeal inflammation and microglial/macrophage activation. Results: Cortical grey matter demyelination was seen in all cases, which was more extensive than in white and deep grey matter (hippocampus, thalamus and basal ganglia) and accounted for 0.8%-60.2% of the entire measurable cortical ribbon. The pattern of cortical grey matter demyelination was predominantly subpial (mean 90.9%, range 60%-100%, of total cortical grey matter lesion area) and cases with the largest areas of subpial cortical lesions had more and larger deep grey matter lesions, greater numbers of activated microglia/macrophages, both in lesions as well as in normal cortical grey matter, together with elevated leptomeningeal inflammation and lymphoid-like ;structures. White matter lesion area was unchanged when compared with the progressive MS cases with little subpial cortical demyelination. Conclusion: Analysis of whole coronal macrosections reveals cortical demyelination is more extensive than reported by conventional histological methods. Cases of progressive MS with substantial subpial cortical demyelination that is independent of underlying white matter lesion area support the implications that these lesions may in-part arise through different pathogenetic mechanisms. Biomarkers and/or i

关键词： Leptomeninges B cell follicle microglia activation normal appearing grey matter

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New Partnerships for Co-delivery of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

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international Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2020年第5期11卷 680-685页

作者： Adrian Bucher Andrew Collins Ben Heaven Taylor David Pan Emma Visman James Norris Joel CGill John rees mark Felling Marta Tufet Bayona Sonia Cassidy Virginia Murray UK Collaborative on Development Research London NW12BEUK Disaster and Development Network(DDN) Department of Geography and Environmental SciencesNorthumbria UniversityNewcastle-upon-Tyne NE18STUK Evidence Aid AbingdonOxfordshire OX135DBUK Global Health Medical Research Council SwindonSwindon SN21FLUK Department of Geography King's College LondonLondon WC2B 4BGUK VNG Consulting Limited Kent TN248DHUK Ordnance Survey Southampton SO16 OASUK Global Geoscience British Geological SurveyKeyworth NG125GGUK Earth Hazards and Observatories British Geological SurveyNottingham NG123ENUK ALLFED LondonUK Global Disaster Risk Reduction Public Health EnglandLondon SE18UGUK

Partnerships have become a comer stone of contemporary research that recognizes working across disciplines and co-production with intended users as essential to enabling sustainable ***,research that addresses sustainable development challenges brings an urgent need to reflect on the ways that partnerships are supported,and for the disaster risk management and resilience communities,efforts to support realization of the wider 2030 Agenda for sustainable development bring particular *** November 2019,the UK Disasters Research Group(DRG)brought together a number of key stakeholders focused on disaster risk,resilience,and sustainability research relevant to Official DevelopmeAssistance to consider how fit for purpose existing partnership models are for the pace of change required to deliver the priorities of the wider 2030 *** were invited to discuss how research partnerships across three levels(individual and project-based;national and institutional;and international)could be improved based on elements that facilitate robust partnerships and learning from aspects that hinder *** the discussions,participanls emphasized the importance of effective communication mechanisms in building partnerships,co-designing projects,and establishing shared *** approaches to addressing equitable partnerships and funding more substantive timelines will be key to responding to the challenges of the 2030 Agenda.

关键词： 2030 Agenda for sustainable development Disaster risk reduction DRG inter national development Partnerships Research fun ding

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The 3rd Global Summit of Research institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction:Expanding the Platform for Bridging Science and Policy Making

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international Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2017年第2期8卷 224-230页

作者： Andrew Collins Hirokazu Tatano Wilma James Chadia Wannous Kaoru Takara Virginia Murray Charles Scawthorn Jim Mori Sarah Aziz Khalid M.Mosalam Stefan Hochrainer-Stigler irasema Alcántara-Ayala Elisabeth Krausmann Wei-Sen Li Ana Maria Cruz Subhajyoti Samaddar Tom De Groeve Yuichi Ono Kelvin Berryman Koji Suzuki mark Ashley Parry Peter McGowran John G.rees Department of Geography/Disaster and Development Network (DDN) Northumbria University Disaster Prevention Research institute (DPRi) Kyoto University United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNiSDR) Public Health England United Nations Office for Disaster Reduction (UNiSDR) Scientific and Technical Advisory Group and integrated Research on Disaster Risk (iRDR) Scientific Committee Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) University of CaliforniaBerkeley Centre for Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research initiative (SEADPRi) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Pacific Earthquake Engineering CenterUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeley international institute for Applied Systems Analysis (iiASA) institute of Geography National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC) APEC Emergency Preparedness Capacity Building Center (EPCC) international Research institute of Disaster Science Tohoku University Natural Hazards Division GNS Science National Research institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NiED) British Geological Survey and Research Councils UK

The Global Alliance of Disaster Research institutes held its 3rd Global Summit of Research institutes for Disaster Risk Reduction at the Disaster Prevention Research institute,Kyoto University,Japan,19–21 March,*** Global Alliance seeks to contribute to enhancing disaster risk reduction(DRR) and disaster resilience through the collaboration of research organizations around the *** summit aim was to expand the platform for bridging science and policy making by evaluating the evidence base needed to meet the expected outcomes and actions of the Sendai Framework for Disaster RiskReduction 2015–2030 and its Science and Technology *** summit reflected the international nature of collaborative research and action.A pre-conference questionnaire filled out by Global Alliance members identified323 research projects that are indicative of current *** were categorized to support seven parallel discussion sessions related to the Sendai Framework priorities for *** discussion sessions focused on research that aims to deepen the understanding of disaster *** cross-cutting sessions focused on research that is aimed at the priorities for action on governance,resilience,and *** summaries were presentedin plenary sessions in support of outcomes for widely enhancing the science and policy of DRR.

关键词： Disaster risk reduction research GADRi global summit Policy Science

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肾功能和疾病规范命名:改善全球肾脏病预后(KDiGO)会议共识

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临床儿科杂志 2022年第8期40卷 627-633页

作者：王忍高春林夏正坤张沛(译) 东部战区总医院儿科江苏南京210002

为规范描述肾功能和疾病的专业术语,2019年6月改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDiGO)召开共识会议,对肾脏功能和疾病、肾衰竭、急性肾脏病和急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病及肾脏评估共5个部分的内容制定了相应的术语表,并就以下建议达成共识。①对于... 详细信息

为规范描述肾功能和疾病的专业术语,2019年6月改善全球肾脏病预后组织(KDiGO)召开共识会议,对肾脏功能和疾病、肾衰竭、急性肾脏病和急性肾损伤、慢性肾脏病及肾脏评估共5个部分的内容制定了相应的术语表,并就以下建议达成共识。①对于肾脏功能和疾病的一般描述,使用术语“kidney”,而不使用“renal”或前缀“nephro-”;②使用“肾衰竭(kidney failure)”并适当描述是否存在相应症状、体征和治疗,而不是“终末期肾脏疾病(end-stage kidney disease)”;③使用KDiGO对急性肾脏病(AKD)和急性肾损伤(AKi)进行定义和分类;④使用KDiGO对慢性肾脏病(CKD)进行定义和分类;⑤使用特定的肾脏检测指标,例如蛋白尿或肾小球滤过率(GFR)降低,而不是肾功能“异常(abnormal)”或“降低(reduced)”来描述肾脏结构和功能的改变。文章简要总结会议的主要讨论。

关键词：肾脏功能肾脏疾病术语

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