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Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport:Associations with Weight Stigma,and Psychological Distress in a Two-Wave Longitudinal Study

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International Journal of Mental Health Promotion 2024年第8期26卷 633-641页

作者： Saffari Mohsen Yi-Ching Lin Po-Ching Huang Yu-Ting Huang Ru-Yi Huang Chi Hsien Huang Jung-Sheng Chen Wai Chuen Poon mark D.Griffiths Chung-Ying Lin Health Research Center Life Style InstituteBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran***Iran Health education Department Faculty of HealthBaqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran***Iran Department of early Childhood and Family education National Taipei University of EducationTaipei106TaiwanChina School of Physical Therapy Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation ScienceCollege of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan333TaiwanChina Institute of Allied Health Sciences College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701TaiwanChina Division of Family Medicine Taipei Tzu Chi HospitalBuddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundationand School of MedicineTzu Chi UniversityHualienTaiwanChina Data Science Degree Program National Taiwan University and Academia SinicaTaipeiTaiwanChina Department of Family Medicine and Community Medicine E-Da HospitalI-Shou UniversityKaohsiung824TaiwanChina College of Medicine I-Shou UniversityKaohsiung840Taiwan Department of Medical Research E-Da HospitalI-Shou UniversityKaohsiung840TaiwanChina Sunway Business School Sunway UniversitySelangor47500Malaysia International Gaming Research Unit Psychology DepartmentNottingham Trent UniversityNottinghamNG14BUUK Department of Public Health College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701TaiwanChina Biostatistics Consulting Center National Cheng Kung University HospitalCollege of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan704TaiwanChina Department of Occupational Therapy College of MedicineNational Cheng Kung UniversityTainan701TaiwanChina

Background:Physical inactivity is a major public health problem worldwide that results in physical and mental health *** major issue for physical inactivity is weight stigma(WS),especially perceived WS,which could lead to a tendency to avoid physical activity(PA).To better understand the association between perceived WS and PA,knowledge of the likely mediators in this association such as weight bias internalization(WBI)and psychological distress were investigated in the present ***:Using a two-wave longitudinal study and convenient sampling,388 Taiwan residents participants(55%females;mean age=29.7 years[SD±6.3])completed two surveys six months *** mass index(BMI),Perceived Weight Stigma Scale(PWSS),Weight Bias Internalization Scale(WBIS),Depression,Anxiety,Stress Scale(DASS-21),and Tendency to Avoid Physical Activity and Sport Scale(TAPAS)were ***:A mediation model controlling for age,gender,and BMI with 5000 bootstrapping resamples was *** WS exerted significant direct effects on WBI(β=0.25;pess(β=0.15;p=0.003),and tendency to avoid PA(β=0.10;p=0.027);WBI exerted a significant direct effect on tendency to avoid PA(β=0.47;ped indirect effects of WBI and psychological distress on the association between perceived WS and tendency to avoid PA were 0.12 and 0.01,***:Given the direct association of perceived WS on the tendency to avoid PA and the mediating role of WBI in this association,interventions addressing perceived WS and WBI may contribute to promoting ***,health interventionists(both when planning and executing PA programs)need to consider weight stigmawhen encouraging physical activity.

关键词： Mediation model physical activity psychological distress weight stigma young adults

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Genomic variation,environmental adaptation,and feralization in ramie,an ancient fiber crop

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Plant Communications 2024年第8期5卷 189-207页

作者： Zeng-Yuan Wu mark A.Chapman Jie Liu Richard I.Milne Ying Zhao Ya-Huang Luo Guang-Fu Zhu Marc W.Cadotte Ming-Bao Luan Peng-Zhen Fan Alex K.Monro Zhi-Peng Li Richard T.Corlett De-Zhu Li Germplasm Bank of Wild Species&Yunnan Key Laboratory of Crop Wild Relatives Omics Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China School of Biological Sciences University of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJUK CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of east Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological SciencesUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH93JHUK Department of Biological Sciences University of Toronto-ScarboroughTorontoOntarioCanada Institute of Bast Fiber Crops Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangshaHunan 410205China Royal Botanic Gardens Kew RichmondSurrey TW93AEUK Center for Integrative Conservation and Yunnan Key Laboratory for the Conservation of Tropical Rainforests and Asian elephants Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesMenglunYunnan 666303China

Feralization is an important evolutionary process,but the mechanisms behind it remain poorly ***,we use the ancient fiber crop ramie(Boehmeria nivea(L.)Gaudich.)as a model to investigate genomic changes associated with both domestication and *** first produced a chromosome-scale de novo genome assembly of feral ramie and investigated structural variations between feral and domesticated ramie ***,we gathered 915 accessions from 23 countries,comprising cultivars,major landraces,feral populations,and the wild *** on whole-genome resequencing of these accessions,we constructed the most comprehensive ramie genomic variation map to ***,demographic,and admixture signal detection analyses indicated that feral ramie is of exoferal or exo-endo origin,i.e.,descended from hybridization between domesticated ramie and the wild progenitor or ancient *** ramie has higher genetic diversity than wild or domesticated ramie,and genomic regions affected by natural selection during feralization differ from those under selection during *** analyses showed that feral and domesticated ramie have similar ecological niches that differ substantially from the niche of the wild progenitor,and three environmental variables are associated with habitat-specific adaptation in feral *** findings advance our understanding of feralization,providing a scientific basis for the excavation of new crop germplasm resources and offering novel insights into the evolution of feralization in nature.

关键词： ramie fiber offering

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erroneous use of Statistics behind Claims of a Major Solar Role in Recent Warming

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第12期22卷 224-231页

作者： mark T.Richardson Rasmus e.Benestad Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCA 91109USA Department of Atmospheric Science Colorado State UniversityFt CollinsCO 90732USA Norwegian Meteorological Institute NO-0313 OsloNorway

In a study that attempted to relate solar and human activity to earth's recent temperature change,Connolly et *** a basic error in the choice of statistical methods and so overreported the effect of the Sun.A major theme of their study was that there are many data sets of past solar activity,and some of these allegedly provide statistical evidence of“most of the recent global warming being due to changes in solar activity.”We avoid methods that are known to give inaccurate results and show that for 1970–2005 Northern Hemisphere land the corrected solar attribution fraction is-7%to+5%,compared with values of up to 64%reported in Connolly et *** higher values are entirely due to mistaken application of ***,we cannot test truly“recent”global warming since most of their solar data sets end before 2015,and two finish in the 1990s,but all tested post-1970 periods show similarly small solar *** solar-climate linkage is an area of fascinating and ongoing research with rigorous technical *** argue that instead of repeating errors,they should be acknowledged and corrected so that the debate can focus on areas of legitimate scientific uncertainty.

关键词： earth (Sun:)solar-terrestrial relations Physical Data and Processes

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Quantifying cold front induced water transport of a bay with in situ observations using manned and unmanned boats

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2018年第11期37卷 1-7页

作者： WeeKS eddie ROBINSON mark e LI Chunyan Coastal Studies Institute Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences Louisiana State University Department of Geography and Anthropology Louisiana State University

The generation of high-resolution data is increasingly important in understanding the complexities of coastal ocean and developing sound management strategies, especially in view of the long-term impact of severe weather systems. The impact of severe weather systems, when integrated over time, can be significant when compared with tidal oscillations. This paper presents a study of water transport out of Vermilion Bay in response to a short, intense event associated with a passing atmospheric cold front, and reports the application of an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler （ADCP） mounted on an Automated Surface Craft （ASC）, known as the auto-boat or unmanned boat, developed in our lab at the Louisiana State University, to generate high resolution data accurately at a fraction of the cost of a manned boat. In our study, we used a manned boat and an unmanned boat, each for over 24 h to cover an entire diurnal tidal cycle, to measure flow velocity profiles to calculate the total transport. A stationary ADCP was deployed in the Southwest Pass of the Vermilion Bay from May 2009 to April 2012, providing data almost continuously （with only one major gap）, with a 717-day record of water transport between the northern Gulf of Mexico and Vermilion Bay, and demonstrates the importance of the pass in water transport.

关键词： cold fronts unmanned boat Vermillion Bay Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler surveys regression on transport

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Optimizing laser coupling,matter heating,and particle acceleration from solids using multiplexed ultraintense lasers

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第4期9卷 16-28页

作者： Weipeng Yao Motoaki Nakatsutsumi Sébastien Buffechoux Patrizio Antici Marco Borghesi Andrea Ciardi Sophia N.Chen emmanuel d’Humières Laurent Gremillet Robert Heathcote Vojtech Horny Paul McKenna mark N.Quinn Lorenzo Romagnani Ryan Royle Gianluca Sarri Yasuhiko Sentoku Hans-Peter Schlenvoigt Toma Toncian Olivier Tresca Laura Vassura Oswald Willi Julien Fuchs LULI-CNRS CEASorbonne UniversitéEcole PolytechniqueInstitut Polytechnique de ParisF-91128 Palaiseau CedexFrance Sorbonne Université Observatoire de ParisUniversité PSLCNRSLERMAF-75005 ParisFrance INRS-eMT 1650 BoulLionel-BouletVarennesQuebec J3X 1S2Canada Center for Plasma Physics School of Mathematics and PhysicsQueen’s University BelfastBelfast BT71NNUnited Kingdom “Horia Hulubei”National Institute for Physics and Nuclear engineering 30 Reactorului StreetRO-077125 Bucharest-MagureleRomania University of Bordeaux Centre Lasers Intenses et ApplicationsCNRSCEAUMR 5107F-33405 TalenceFrance CeA DAMDIFF-91297 ArpajonFrance Université Paris-Saclay CEALMCE91680 Bruyères-le-ChatelFrance Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUnited Kingdom SUPA Department of PhysicsUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgow G40NGUnited Kingdom Department of Physics University of NevadaRenoNevada 89557USA Institute of Laser engineering Osaka University2-6 YamadaokaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan Institut fur Laser und Plasmaphysik Heinrich Heine Universitat DusseldorfDusseldorfGermany

Realizing the full potential of ultrahigh-intensity lasers for particle and radiation generation will require multi-beam arrangements due to technology ***,we investigate how to optimize their coupling with solid ***,we show that overlapping two intense lasers in a mirror-like configuration onto a solid with a large preplasma can greatly improve the generation of hot electrons at the target front and ion acceleration at the target *** underlying mechanisms are analyzed through multidimensional particle-in-cell simulations,revealing that the self-induced magnetic fields driven by the two laser beams at the target front are susceptible to reconnection,which is one possible mechanism to boost electron *** addition,the resistive magnetic field generated during the transport of the hot electrons in the target bulk tends to improve their *** simulations also indicate that such effects can be further enhanced by overlapping more than two laser beams.

关键词： laser acceleration particle

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Dispersal behavior correlates with personality of a North American fish

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Current Zoology 2012年第2期58卷 260-270页

作者： Josh e. RASMUSSeN mark C. BeLK U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Klamath Falls OR 97603 USA Department of Biology Brigham Young University Provo UT 84602 USA

The process of dispersal is determined by the interaction of individual （intrinsic） traits and environmental （extrinsic） factors. Although many studies address and quantify dispersal, few evaluate both intrinsic and extrinsic factors jointly. We test the relative importance of intrinsic traits （exploration tendency and size） and extrinsic factors （population density and habitat quality） on dispersal of a medium-sized western United States minnow, southern leatherside chub Lepidomeda aliciae. A generalized linear model with a binomial response was used to determine the probability of individuals dispersing one year after tagging. Medium-sized individuals that were more prone to explore novel environments were 10.7 times more likely to be recaptured outside of their original capture area after a year （dispersal） compared to non-explorer individuals of the same size class. Differences be- tween explorer classifications within the small and large size classes were negligible. Open habitat within 50 m upstream also in- creased the probability of dispersal relative to controls. Relative location within the study reach, and population density were not significantly related to dispersal probabilities of individuals. Our results indicate that understanding of personality may illuminate patterns of dispersal within and among populations

关键词： Temperament Behavioral phenotype exploration Lepidomeda Personality-dependent

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Natural Resources Depletion in Hill Areas of Bangladesh:A Review

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Journal of Mountain Science 2012年第2期9卷 147-156页

作者： Shampa BISWAS mark e.SWANSON Harald VACIK School of environmental Sciences and Management Independent University School of the environment PO Box 646410Washington State University Institute of Silviculture Department of Forest and Soil SciencesUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences

Hilly or mountainous terrain occupies around 12% of the area of *** resources associated with Bangladesh's hill are forest resources,biodiversity,minerals,and agricultural *** resources have been exploited in the recent four decades due to excessive clearing of hill forest cover,resulting in loss of species richness, impacts related to increased water flow variability, increased hill slope erosion and flooding intensity, and a gradual decrease in the extent of hill area in *** review explores the major causes and effects of depletion of natural resources by linking drivers,pressures and the related impacts.A review has been conducted to structure the effects on the hilly areas and describe the responses to minimize them in the associated DPSIR *** growth has been identified as a major driver contributing to high deforestation *** may negatively effect agricultural productivity and increase the frequency of serious *** and burn cultivation also impacts the regeneration of evergreen forests,which may accelerate soil erosion. Due to this and other factors,local people are facing a deficits of natural resources(food,fodder,fuel wood and water),which exacerbates the effects of poverty. Future research should try to facilitate decision making for sustainable utilization of natural resources management in the hilly areas of Bangladesh. Additional conservation measures should be developed to increase the resilience of ecosystems at national and regional levels.

关键词： Hill environment Deforestation Land degradation Hill restoration and conservation DPSIR

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Negative consequences of positive feedbacks in US wild-fire management

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Forest ecosystems 2015年第2期2卷 57-66页

作者： David e Calkin Matthew P Thompson mark A Finney Forestry Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Fire Sciences Laboratory US Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station

Over the last two decades wildfire activity, damage, and management cost within the US have increased substantially. These increases have been associated with a number of factors including climate change and fuel accumulation due to a century of active fire suppression. The increased fire activity has occurred during a time of significant ex-urban development of the Wildland Urban Interface （WUI） along with increased demand on water resources originating on forested landscapes. These increased demands have put substantial pressure on federal agencies charged with wildfire management to continue and expand the century old policy of aggressive wildfire suppression. However, aggressive wildfire suppression is one of the major factors that drive the increased extent, intensity, and damage associated with the small number of large wildfires that are unable to be suppressed. In this paper we discuss the positive feedback loops that lead to demands for increasing suppression response while simultaneously increasing wildfire risk in the future. Despite a wealth of scientific research that demonstrates the limitations of the current management paradigm pressure to maintain the existing system are well entrenched and driven by the existing social systems that have evolved under our current management practice. Interestingly, US federal wildland fire policy provides considerable discretion for managers to pursue a range of management objectives however, societal expectations and existing management incentive structures result in policy implementation that is straining the resilience of fire adapted ecosystems and the communities that reside in and adjacent to them.

关键词： Wildfire suppression Wildfire paradox Wildland urban interface Resilience

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Investigation of the excluded stomach after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: The role of percutaneous endoscopy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1946-1948页

作者： Kanwar RS Gill J mark McKinney mark e Stark ernest P Bouras Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Florida 32224 United States

Accessing the bypassed portion of the stomach via conventional endoscopy is difficult following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. However, endoscopic examination of the stomach and small bowel is possible through percutaneous access into the bypassed stomach (BS) with a combined radiologic and endoscopic technique. We present a case of obscure overt gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding where the source of bleeding was thought to be from the BS. After conventional endoscopic methods failed to examine the BS, percutaneous endoscopy (Pe) was used as an alternative to surgical exploration.

关键词： Percutaneous endoscopy Roux-en-Y gastricbypass Gastrointestinal bleeding, Obesity, Bypassedstomach

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Developmental ecology of the American horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus

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Current Zoology 2010年第5期56卷 550-562页

作者： mark L.BOTTON Richard A.TANKeRSLeY Robert e.LOVeLAND Department of Natural Sciences Fordham University Department of Biological Sciences Florida Institute of Technology Department of ecology Evolution and Natural Resources Rutgers University

During spawning events, horseshoe crab eggs are released from the female＇s oviducts, and fertilized by one or more males. eggs are shaped by the female into discrete clutches deposited in nests at depths of 10-20 cm on intertidal estuarine beaches. Distinguishing between fxesh eggs and the early developmental stages is obfuscated by the large amount of dense, opaque yolk. The first unambiguous confirmation of development is the formation of the rudimentary prosomatie appendages at the ＂limb bud＂ stage. Several days thereafter, the outer chorion is shed and the developing embryo expands and undergoes a series of molts within the clear inner egg membrane. The trilobite （first iustar） stage thus attained may remain within the beach sedi- ments for several more weeks, until hatching is facilitated by environmental factors such as hydration, agitation, and osmotic shock that accompany the infiltration of seawater into the nests. Trilobites exhibit endogenous eirgatidal swimming rhythms that are entrained by mechanical agitation, suggesting that peaks in larval swimming are timed to coincide with periods of high water and the inundation of the nests. Larval swimming is limited and does not appear to result in long-distance dispersal. The limited dispersal of the larvae has important implications for the population dynamics of relatively isolated populations. The rate of larval development is highly plastic and is influenced by temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and the presence of pollutants. The broad environmental tolerances of horseshoe crab embryos and larvae are important in understanding their current geographic distribution and their evolutionary persistence

关键词： Horseshoe crab Limulus Development embryo Larval dispersal

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