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Inter-annual variation of streamflow,precipitation and evaporation in a small humid watershed(Chengcun Basin,China)

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2014年第2期32卷 455-468页

作者： mark AMO-BOATENG 李致家管仪庆 College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University

For sustainable water resource management,it is important to determine the relationship between streamfl ow and other variables that infl uence availability of water ***,many catchments do not have suffi cient data to allow for a more detailed study of these *** faced a similar challenge in the Chengcun Basin(limited historical data: from 1986–1999); and therefore we used a new approach to overcome *** found that,using nonparametric trend methods in conjunction with the climate elasticity analyses and the 2d visualization of hydrologic data,it is possible to assess the relationships between streamfl ow and other hydro-climatic *** the past,streamfl ow trends in the basin were more correlated with precipitation than with potential evapotranspiration(PET).In addition,there is a gradual shift in the hydrological regime of the catchment,which may affect the occurrence of available water resources and activities that depend on *** addition,based on our climate sensitivity analyses,the streamfl ow is dependent and more sensitive to variations in precipitation than to PET(δQ=0.79δP+0.42δE; precipitation elasticity,ε P=1.32; PET elasticity,ε E=-2.10).Therefore pending more detailed studies,the use of our approach will provide a rapid means to assess the variation of water resources(streamfl ow)in a *** the future,we hope to carry out related research in other watersheds and also perform a more detailed studies to improve upon the results of this study.

关键词： trend Mann-Kendall test climate elasticity Sen's slope streamflow 2d visualization hydrologic data

基于参数相关的Bayes估计及在黄土边坡可靠度分析中的应用

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西北地质 2020年第4期53卷 186-193页

作者：董鸾花李萍夏增选李同录 griffiths d V 侯晓坤长安大学地测学院陕西西安710054 department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Colorado School of MinesColorado Golden USA Colorado80401 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029

黄土强度参数具有一定的相关性。在传统的边坡稳定性计算中,常把黄土强度参数c、φ值视为独立的2个参数,忽略了其相关性,导致计算结果存在一定的偏差。笔者采用二维联合正态分布拟合黄土强度参数的概率密度函数,应用Bayes公式对函数参... 详细信息

黄土强度参数具有一定的相关性。在传统的边坡稳定性计算中,常把黄土强度参数c、φ值视为独立的2个参数,忽略了其相关性,导致计算结果存在一定的偏差。笔者采用二维联合正态分布拟合黄土强度参数的概率密度函数,应用Bayes公式对函数参数的取值进行优化。以西安咸阳机场排污口潜在滑坡为例,计算该边坡可靠性指标。研究结果表明,利用Bayes考虑了工程经验,估计结果的方差减小,使得黄土强度参数估计结果更为稳健,同时也减小因样本数量太少而产生的误差。相关系数对稳定系数几乎没有影响,对可靠度指标和失效概率的影响较大。当利用可靠度理论评价边坡稳定性时,不考虑c、φ值正相关系数,边坡的稳定性则会被高估;不考虑c、φ负相关性时,将严重低估边坡的稳定性。采用二维联合正态分布的Bayes估计强度参数,可对黄土边坡稳定性进行更为准确的评价。

关键词：黄土边坡 Bayes理论可靠度相关性

Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 244-262页

作者： Stephen Moreton Guy Cox mark Sheldon Stefan A Bailis Jeffrey d Klausner Brian J Morris CircFacts Warrington WA51HYCheshireUnited Kingdom Australian Centre for Microscopy&Microanalysis and School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60661United States Cornerstone Therapy&Recovery Center St.PaulMN 55101United States department of Medicine Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

The British Medical Association(BMA)guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision(NTMC)of male children is limited to ethical,legal and religious *** we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et *** their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing,their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong *** literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies,as well as risk-benefit analyses,have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks,and there is no reduction in sexual function and *** BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United *** consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections,adverse medical conditions,suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health Service for treatment of *** of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently ***,that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding *** societal factors apply,ultimately,NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific,evidence-based *** are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed *** decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.

关键词： Circumcision,Male Child Infections Risk Policy Public health

Heme oxygenase-1 overexpression increases liver injury after bile duct ligation in rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第25期13卷 3478-3486页

作者： Matthias Froh Lars Conzelmann Peter Walbrun Susanne Netter Reiner Wiest Michael d Wheeler mark Lehnert Takehiko Uesugi Jurgen Scholmerich Ronald G Thurman department of Internal Medicine University of Regensburg Germany department of Urology University of Mainz Germany department of Pharmacology University of North Carolina United States

AIM： To investigate the effects of heme oxygenase-1 （HO-1） against oxidant-induced injury caused by bile duct ligation （BdL）.METHOdS： Either cobalt protoporphyrin （CoPP）, a HO-1 inducer, or saline were injected intraperitoneally in male Sd-rats. Three days later, BdL or sham-operations were performed. Rats were sacrificed 3 wk after BdL and livers were harvested for histology. Fibrosis was evaluated by sirius red staining and image analysis. Alpha-smooth muscular actin, which indicates activation of stellate cells, was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and q/tokine and collagen- Iα （Col- I α） mRNA expression was detected using RNase protection assays.RESULTS： Serum alanine transaminase increased 8-fold above normal levels one day after BdL. Surprisingly, enzyme release was not reduced in rats receiving CoPP. Liver fibrosis was evaluated 3 wk after BdL and the sirius red-positive area was found to be increased to about 7.8%. However, in CoPP pretreated rats sirius redpositive areas were increased to about 11.7% after BdL. Collagen-1 α and TGF-β mRNA increased significantly by BdL. Again, this effect was increased by HO-1 overexpression.CONCLUSION： Hepatic fibrosis due to BdL is not reduced by the HO-1 inducer CoPP. In contrast, HO-1 overexpression increases liver injury in rats under conditions of experimental chronic cholestasis.

关键词： Heme oxygenase-1 Bile duct ligation Chronic cholestasis Liver fibrosis Serum alaninetransaminase Transforming growth factor-13 Tumornecrosis factor- I ~ Type I collagen

Liver function tests and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease:Changes in upper normal limits,does it really matter?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 2104-2112页

作者： Roberta Forlano Benjamin H Mullish Ameet dhar Robert d Goldin mark Thursz Pinelopi Manousou Liver Unit/department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom Centre for Pathology Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLd)is the commonest cause of abnormal liver function tests(LFTs).Current upper normal of limit(UNL)of LFTs was derived from a“healthy”population,where undiagnosed MAFLd and viral hepatitis might be *** To evaluated potential implications of changes in UNL of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in *** We retrospectively assessed consecutive first referrals with a diagnosis of MAFLd from 2010 to *** conventional UNL of ALT was 45 IU/L for men and 34 IU/L for women,while a low UNL of ALT was 30 IU/L for men and 19 IU/L for *** UNL of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)was 40 IU/*** Total 436 patients were enrolled;of these,288 underwent liver *** a lower UNL reduced the percentage of those with significant disease despite normal ALT;specifically,patients with advanced fibrosis(F≥F3)or definite“metabolic-associated steato-hepatitis(MASH)”(NAS≥5)within normal ALT decreased from 10%to 1%and from 28%to 4%***,the proportion of those with elevated ALT and no evidence of advanced fibrosis or“definite MASH”increased from 39%to 47%and from 3%to 19%.Overall,LFTs performed poorly in distinguishing“definite MASH”from simple steatosis(receiver operating characteristic areas under the curves 0.59 for ALT and 0.55 for AST).CONCLUSION Liver function tests might both under-and overestimate MASH-related liver *** the UNL might not be beneficial and imply an increase in healthcare *** stratification in MAFLd should rely on a combination of risk factors,not on LFTs alone.

关键词： Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Liver function tests Alanine aminotransferase Fibrosis Stiffness

Towards informed metrics for examining the role of human-induced animal responses in tag studies on wild animals

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 17-29页

作者： Rory P.WILSON mark HOLTON Vianney LWILSON Richard GUNNER Brenda TYSSE Gwendoline IWILSON Flavio QUINTANA Carlos dUARTE d.Michael SCANTLEBURY Biosciences Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWalesUK department of Geography Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWalesUK Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos(IBIOMAR) CONICETPuerto MadrynChubutArgentina Red Sea Research Centre King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen’s University BelfastBelfastUK

Two prime issues can detrimentally affect animals that have been equipped with tags:(i)the effect of the cap-ture and restraint process;and(ii)the effect of the tag *** work examines some of the issues surround-ing quantification of tag effects on wild animals for both restrained and free-living animals.A new method to quantify stress effects based on monitoring ventilation rates in relation to activity is suggested for restrained an-imals which may help improve the practice of handling *** is also suggested that various metrics,many derived from accelerometers,can be examined in tagged wild animals to examine the change in behaviors over time with a view to having a better understanding of welfare issues,assuring the quality of recorded data and in-forming best practice.

关键词： behavior stress tags wild animals

Predicting the distribution of the Asian tapir in Peninsular Malaysia using maximum entropy modeling

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 400-406页

作者： Gopalasamy Reuben CLEMENTS d.mark RAYAN Sheema Abdul AZIZ Kae KAWANISHI Carl TRAEHOLT david MAGINTAN Muhammad Fadlli Abdul YAZI Reid TINGLEY Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia Center for Malaysian Indigenous Studies University of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia WWF Malaysia Petaling JayaMalaysia durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology University of KentCanterburyUK Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers(MYCAT)Secretariat's Office Petaling JayaMalaysia Copenhagen Zoo CopenhagenDenmark department of Wldife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia Kuala LumpurMalaysia School of Biological Sciences University of SydneySydneyAustralia

In 2008,the IUCN threat status of the Asian tapir(Tapirus indicus)was reclasified from‘vulnerable'to‘en-dangered'.The latest distribution map from the IUCN Red List suggests that the tapirs'native range is becom-ing increasingly fragmented in Peninsular Malaysia,but distribution data collected by local researchers sug-gest a more extensive geographical ***,we compile a database of 1261 tapir occurrence records within Peninsular Malaysia,and demonstrate that this species,indeed,has a much broader geographical range than the IUCN range map ***,extreme spatial and temporal bias in these records limits their utility for conservation ***,we used maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to elucidate the potential ex-tent of the Asian tapir's occurrence in Peninsular Malaysia while accounting for bias in existing distribution *** MaxEnt model predicted that the Asian tapir has a wider geographic range than our fine-scale data and the IUCN range map both *** 37%of Peninsular Malaysia contains potentially suit-able tapir *** results justify a revision to the Asian tapir's extent of occurrence in the IUCN Red ***,our modeling demonstrated that selectively logged forests encompass 45%of potentially suitable tapir habitats,underscoring the importance of these habitats for the conservation of this species in Peninsular Malaysia.

关键词： ecological niche IUCN Malayan tapir mammal MaxEnt species distribution model

The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 4-16页

作者： Emma-Louise COLE James J WAGGITT Anders HEdENSTROM Marco PIANO mark d.HOLTON Luca BÖRGER Emily L.C.SHEPARd department of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK department of Biology Lund UniversityEcology BuildingSweden Centre for Applied Marine Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK

Animal-attached technologies can be powerful means to quantify space use and behavior;however,there are also ethical implications associated with capturing and instrumenting ***,tagging approaches are not necessarily well-suited for examining the movements of multiple individuals within specific,local areas of ***,we assess a method of quantifying animal space use based on a modified theodolite with an inbuilt laser *** a database of>4200 tracks of migrating birds,we show that detection distance in-creases with bird body mass(range 5 g to>10 kg).The maximum distance recorded to a bird was 5500 m and measurement error was≤5 m for targets within this distance range:a level comparable to methods such as GPS *** go on to present a case study where this method was used to assess habitat selection in seabirds operating in dynamic coastal waters close to a tidal *** positional data with outputs from a hydrographic model revealed that great cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo)appeared to be highly selective of current characteristics in space and time,exploiting areas where mean current speeds wered diving at times when turbulent energy levels were *** birds also oriented into tidal currents during *** together,this suggests that collision risks are low for cormorants at this site,as the 2 conditions avoided by cormorants(high mean current speeds and turbulence levels)are associated with operational tidal ***-all,we suggest that this modified theodolite system is well-suited to the quantification of movement in small areas associated with particular development strategies,including sustainable energy devices.

关键词： GPS habitat use movement ecology seabird tidal turbine

Effects of water-aging for 6 months on the durability of a novel antimicrobial and protein-repellent dental bonding agent

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第3期10卷 160-167页

作者： Ning Zhang Ke Zhang Michael d.Weir david J.Xu mark A.Reynolds Yuxing Bai Hockin H.K.Xu department of Orthodontics School of StomatologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Biomatexrials&Tissue Engineering division Department of EndodonticsPeriodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMDUSA Center for Stem Cell Biology&Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandBaltimore CountyMDUSA

Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel bioactive dental bonding agent containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate(dMAHdM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC) to inhibit biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial durability. A protein-repellent agent(MPC) and antibacterial agent(dMAHdM) were added to a Scotchbond multi-purpose(SBMP) primer and adhesive. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, or 180 days(d).At the end of each time period, the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial properties were evaluated. Protein attachment onto resin specimens was measured by the micro-bicinchoninic acid approach. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the biofilm response. The SBMP + MPC + dMAHdM group showed no decline in dentin bond strength after water-aging for 6 months, which was significantly higher than that of the control(P dMAHdM group had protein adhesion that was only 1/20 of that of the SBMP control(P d dMAHdM into SBMP provided a synergistic effect on biofilm reduction. The antibacterial effect and resistance to protein adsorption exhibited no decrease from 1 to 180 d(P > 0.1). In conclusion, a bonding agent with MPC and dMAHdM achieved a durable dentin bond strength and long-term resistance to proteins and oral bacteria. The novel dental bonding agent is promising for applications in preventive and restorative dentistry to reduce biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin.

关键词： MPC Effects of water-aging for 6 months on the durability of a novel antimicrobial and protein-repellent dental bonding agent