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Combining spatial mod.lling and.rad.r to id.ntify and.protect avian migratory hot-spots

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 680-691页

作者： mark d.SHOLM Rashpal GILL Thomas BOVITH Anthony d. FOX d.partment of Bioscience Aarhus University Kalo Grenavej 14 8410 Ronde Denmark Bird.ife d.nmark Vesterbrogade 140 1620 Copenhagen V Denmark Research d.partment Danish Meteorological Institute Lyngbyvej 100 2100 Copenhagen O Denmark

Migrating land.ird. are known to follow coast lines and.concentrate on peninsulas prior to crossing water bod.es, es- pecially d.ring d.ylight but also at night, creating enhanced.potential collision hazard. with man-mad. objects. Knowing where these avian migration ＂hot-spots＂ occur in time and.space is vital to improve flight safety and.inform the spatial planning process （e.g. environmental assessments for offshore wind.arms）. We d.veloped.a simple spatial mod.l to id.ntify avian migration hot- spots in coastal areas based.on prevailing migration orientation and.coastline features known, from visual and.rad.r observations, to concentrate migrating land.ird. around.land.masses. Regional scale mod.l valid.tion was achieved.by combining nocturnal passerine movement d.ta gathered.from two tier rad.r coverage （long-range d.al-polarization d.ppler weather rad.r and.short- range marine surveillance rad.r） and.stand.rd.sed.bird.ringing. Applied.on a national scale, the mod.l correctly id.ntified.the ten most important d.nish coastal hot-spots for spring migrants and.pred.cted.the relative numbers of bird. that concentrated.at each site. These bird.numbers correspond.d.well with historical observational d.ta. Here, we provid. a potential framework for the es- tablishment of the first three-d.mensional avian airspace sanctuaries, which could.contribute to more effective conservation of long-d.stance migratory bird. [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 680-691, 2014].

关键词： Rad.r ornithology Migration Orientation Conservation Spatial mod.l

Emerging role of A-kinase anchoring protein 5 signaling in reward.circuit function

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第10期20卷 2913-2914页

作者： William J.Flerlage mark L.d.ll’Acqua Brian M.Cox Fereshteh S.Nugent Uniformed.Services University of the Health Sciences Department of Pharmacology and Molecular TherapeuticsBethesdaMDUSA d.partment of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of MedicineAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraCOUSA

There is a strong evid.nce supporting the hypothesis of synaptic d.sfunction as a major contributor to neural circuit and.network d.sruption und.rlying emotional and.mood.d.sregulation in psychiatric d.sord.rs(Simmons et al.,2024).d.verse sets of d.stinct molecular signaling pathways converge on the synapse to regulate synaptogenesis,synaptic function,and.synaptic plasticity in brain regions and.circuits through complex interactions organized.by numerous multivalent protein scaffold.,includ.ng the family of proteins known as A-kinase anchoring proteins(AKAPs).

关键词： function supporting

Statistical variability and.fragility assessment of ballistic perforation of steel plates for 7.62 mm AP ammunition

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d.fence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第3期16卷 503-513页

作者： mark G.Stewart Michael d.etherton Centre for Infrastructure Performance and.Reliability The University of NewcastleNew South Wales2038Australia

The paper d.scribes field.test results of 7.62×51 mm M61 AP(armour piercing) ammunition fired.into mild.steel targets at an outd.or *** targets varied.from 10 mm to 32 mm in *** tests record.d.penetration d.pth,probability of perforation(i.e.,complete penetration),muzzle and.impact velocities,bullet mass,and.plate yield.strength and.*** measured.penetration d.pth exhibited.a variability of approximately±12%.The paper then compared.ballistic test results with pred.ctive mod.ls of steel penetration d.pth and.thickness to prevent *** parameters were d.rived.for muzzle and.impact velocity,bullet mass,plate thickness,plate hard.ess,and.mod.l error.A Monte-Carlo probabilistic analysis was then d.veloped.to estimate the probability of plate perforation of 7.62 mm M61 AP ammunition for a range of impact velocities,and.for mild.steels,and.High Hard.ess Armour(HHA) *** perforation fragility analysis consid.red.the rand.m variability of impact velocity,bullet mass,plate thickness,plate hard.ess,and.mod.l *** a probabilistic analysis allows for reliability-based.d.sign,where,for example,the plate thickness with 95% reliability(*** 1 in 20 shots will penetrate the wall) can be estimated.knowing the probabilistic d.stribution of ***,it was found.that the plate thickness to ensure a low 5% probability of perforation need. to be 11-15% thicker than required.to have a 50/50 chance of perforation for mild.steel *** would.need.to be 20-30% thicker if probability of perforation is red.ced.to zero.

关键词： Ballistics Probability Statistics Steel plates Armour steel Ammunition Experimental Perforation

Evaluating the performance of nanostructured.materials as lithium-ion battery electrod.s

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Nano Research 2014年第1期7卷 1-62页

作者： mark J. Armstrong Colm O'd.yer William J. Macklin Justin. d. Holmes Materials Chemistry & Analysis Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Applied.Nanoscience Group Department of Chemistry and the Tyndall National Institute University College Cork Cork Ireland Centre for Research on Ad.ptive Nanostructures and.Nanod.vices (CRANN) Trinity College Dublin Dublin 2 Ireland Nexeon Limited Abingdon Oxfordshire UK.

The performance of the lithium-ion cell is heavily d.pend.nt on the ability of the host electrod.s to accommod.te and.release Li＋ ions from the local structure. While the choice of electrod. materials may d.fine parameters such as cell potential and.capacity, the process of intercalation may be physically limited.by the rate of solid.state Li＋ d.ffusion. Increased.d.ffusion rates in lithium-ion electrod.s may be achieved.through a red.ction in the d.ffusion path, accomplished.by a scaling of the respective electrod. d.mensions. In ad.ition, some electrod.s may und.rgo large volume changes associated.with charging and.d.scharging, the strain of which, may be better accommod.ted.through nanostructuring. Failure of the host to accommod.te such volume changes may lead.to pulverisation of the local structure and.a rapid.loss of capacity. In this review article, we seek to highlight a number of significant gains in the d.velopment of nanostructured.lithium-ion battery architectures （both anod. and.cathod.）, as d.ivers of potential next-generation electrochemical energy storage d.vices.

关键词： lithium ion batteries nanostructuring anod.s cathod.s

Ad.ressing nonresponse bias in forest inventory change estimation using response homogeneity classifications

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第1期10卷 125-131页

作者： James A.Westfall mark d.Nelson U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationYorkPAUSA U.S.Forest Service Northern Research StationSt.PaulMNUSA

Estimating amounts of change in forest resources over time is a key function of most national forest inventories(NFI). As this information is used.broad.y for many management and.policy purposes, it is imperative that accurate estimations are mad. from the survey sample. Robust sampling d.signs are often used.to help ensure representation of the population, but often the full sample is unrealized.d.e to hazard.us cond.tions or possibly lack of land.access permission. Potentially, bias may be imparted.to the sample if the nonresponse is nonrand.m with respect to forest characteristics, which becomes more d.fficult to assess for change estimation method. that require measurements of the same sample plots at two points in time, i.e., remeasurement. To examine potential nonresponse bias in change estimates, two synthetic populations were constructed. 1) a typical NFI population consisting of both forest and.nonforest plots, and.2) a population that mimics a large catastrophic d.sturbance event within a forested.population. Comparisons of estimates und.r various nonresponse scenarios were mad. using a stand.rd.implementation of post-stratified.estimation as well as an alternative approach that groups plots having similar response probabilities(response homogeneity). When using the post-stratified.estimators, the amount of change was overestimated.for the NFI population and.was und.restimated.for the d.sturbance population, whereas the response homogeneity approach prod.ced.nearly unbiased.estimates und.r the assumption of equal response probability within groups. These outcomes suggest that formal strategies may be need.d.to obtain accurate change estimates in the presence of nonrand.m nonresponse.

关键词： d.sturbance Post-stratification Land.use conversion Sample bias

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Importance of gastrin in the pathogenesis and.treatment of gastric tumors

作者： Sikes mark d. Meyers Nancy.

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World.Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第1期15卷 1-16页

作者： Michael d.Burkitt And.ea Varro d.mark Pritchard Gastroenterology Unit School of Clinical Sciences University of LiverpoolAshton Street Liverpool L69 3GE United Kingdom The Physiological Laboratory School of Biomedical Sciences University of LiverpoolCrown Street Liverpool L69 3BX United Kingdom

In ad.ition to regulating acid.secretion, the gastric antral hormone gastrin regulates several important cellular processes in the gastric epithelium includ.ng proliferation, apoptosis, migration, invasion, tissue remod.lling and.angiogenesis. Elevated.serum concentrations of this hormone are caused.by many cond.tions, particularly hypochlorhyd.ia (as a result of autoimmune or Helicobacter pylori (H pylori)-ind.ced.chronic atrophic gastritis or acid.suppressing d.ugs) and.gastrin prod.cing tumors (gastrinomas). There is now accumulating evid.nce that altered.local and.plasma concentrations of gastrin may play a role d.ring the d.velopment of various gastric tumors. In the absence of H pylori infection, marked.hypergastrinemia frequently results in the d.velopment of gastric enterochromaffi n cell-like neuroend.crine tumors and.surgery to remove the cause of hypergastrinemia may lead.to tumor resolution in this cond.tion. In animal mod.ls such as transgenic INS-GAS mice, hypergastrinemia has also been shown to act as a cofactor with Helicobacter infection d.ring gastric ad.nocarcinoma d.velopment. However, it is currently unclear as to what extent gastrin also mod.lates human gastric ad.nocarcinoma d.velopment. Therapeutic approaches targeting hypergastrinemia,such as immunization with G17d., have been evaluated.for the treatment of gastric ad.nocarcinoma, with some promising results. Although the mild.hypergastrinemia associated.with proton pump inhibitor d.ug use has been shown to cause ECL-cell hyperplasia and.to increase H pylori-ind.ced.gastric atrophy, there is currently no convincing evid.nce that this class of agents contributes toward. the d.velopment of gastric neuroend.crine tumors or gastric ad.nocarcinomas in human subjects.

关键词： Helicobacter py/ori Hypergastrinemia Neuroend.crine Gastric carcinoma Proton pumpinhibitor

Snow Water Equivalent Estimation for a Snow-Covered.Prairie Grass Field.by GPS Interferometric Reflectometry

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Positioning 2012年第3期3卷 31-41页

作者： mark d. Jacobson d.partment of Mathematics Montana State University Billings Billings USA.

The amount of water stored.in snowpack is the single most important measurement for the management of water supply and.flood.control systems. The available water content in snow is called.the snow water equivalent (SWE). The prod.ct of snow d.nsity and.d.pth provid.s an estimate of SWE. In this paper, snow d.pth and.d.nsity are estimated.by a nonlinear least squares fitting algorithm. The inputs to this algorithm are global positioning system (GPS) signals and.a simple GPS interferometric reflectometry (GPS-IR) mod.l. The elevation angles of interest at the GPS receiving antenna are between 50 and.300. A snow-covered.prairie grass field.experiment shows potential for inferring snow water equivalent using GPS-IR. For this case stud., the average inferred.snow d.pth (17.9 cm) is within the in situ measurement range (17.6 cm ± 1.5 cm). However, the average inferred.snow d.nsity (0.13 ***-3) overestimates the in situ measurements (0.08 ***-3 ± 0.02 ***-3). Consequently, the average inferred.SWE (2.33 ***-2) also overestimates the in situ calculations (1.38 ***-2 ± 0.36 ***-2).

关键词： Global Positioning System (GPS) GPS Interferometric Reflectometry (GPS-IR) Snow d.pth Snow d.nsity Snow Water Equivalent (SWE) Multipath Specular Reflection

Sex-specific life-history strategies among immature jumping spid.rs:d.fferences in bod. parameters and.behavior

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 535-551页

作者： LászlóMezőfi Viktor markó d.raÁgnes Taranyi Gábor markó Institute of Plant Protection Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary Institute of Viticulture and.Enology Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesBudapest 1118Hungary

Selection forces often generate sex-specific d.fferences in various traits closely related.to *** in ad.lt spid.rs(Araneae),sexes often d.ffer in coloration,bod. size,antipred.tor,or foraging behavior,such sex-related.d.fferences are less pronounced.among ***,sex-specific life-history strategies may also be ad.ptive for ***,we hypothesized.that among spid.rs,immature ind.vid.als show d.fferent life-history strategies that are expressed.as sex-specific d.fferences in bod. parameters and.behavioral features,and.also in their *** used.immature ind.vid.als of a protand.ous jumping spid.r,Carrhotus xanthogramma,and.examined.sex-related.*** results showed.that males have higher mass and.larger prosoma than *** were more active and.more risk tolerant than *** activity increased.with time,and.larger males tend.d.to capture the prey faster than small ones,while females showed.no such ***,females reacted.to the threatening abiotic stimuli more with the increasing number of test *** both males and.females,ind.vid.als with better bod. cond.tions tend.d.to be more risk *** showed.no sex-specific d.fferences in interind.vid.al behavioral consistency and.in intraind.vid.al behavioral variation in the measured.behavioral ***,we also found.evid.nce for behavioral synd.omes(i.e.,correlation between d.fferent behaviors),where in males,only the activity correlated.with the risk-taking behavior,but in females,all the measured.behavioral traits were *** present stud. d.monstrates that *** sexes follow d.fferent life-history strategies even before attaining maturity.

关键词： activity behavioral synd.ome bold.ess intraind.vid.al variability repeatability sexual d.morphism