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Comments by opponents on the British Medical Association’s guidance on non-therapeutic male circumcision of children seem one-sided and may undermine public health

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2023年第5期12卷 244-262页

作者： Stephen Moreton Guy Cox mark Sheldon Stefan A Bailis Jeffrey d Klausner Brian J Morris CircFacts Warrington WA51HYCheshireUnited Kingdom Australian Centre for Microscopy&Microanalysis and School of Aeronautical Mechanical and Mechatronic EngineeringUniversity of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia Medical Humanities and Bioethics Program Feinberg School of MedicineNorthwestern UniversityChicagoIL 60661United States Cornerstone Therapy&Recovery Center St.PaulMN 55101United States department of Medicine Population and Public Health SciencesKeck School of MedicineUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90089United States School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney 2006New South WalesAustralia

The British Medical Association(BMA)guidance on non-therapeutic circumcision(NTMC)of male children is limited to ethical,legal and religious *** we evaluate criticisms of the BMA’s guidance by Lempert et *** their arguments promoting autonomy and consent might be superficially appealing,their claim of high procedural risks and negligible benefits seem one-sided and contrast with high quality evidence of low risk and lifelong *** literature reviews by the American Academy of Pediatrics and the United States Centers for disease Control and Prevention in developing evidence-based policies,as well as risk-benefit analyses,have found that the medical benefits of infant NTMC greatly exceed the risks,and there is no reduction in sexual function and *** BMA’s failure to consider the medical benefits of early childhood NTMC may partly explain why this prophylactic intervention is discouraged in the United *** consequence is higher prevalence of preventable infections,adverse medical conditions,suffering and net costs to the UK’s National Health Service for treatment of *** of the issues and contradictions in the BMA guidance identified by Lempert et al stem from the BMA’s guidance not being sufficiently ***,that document called for a review by others of the medical issues surrounding *** societal factors apply,ultimately,NTMC can only be justified rationally on scientific,evidence-based *** are entitled to an accurate presentation of the medical evidence so that they can make an informed *** decision either for or against NTMC should then be respected.

关键词： Circumcision,Male Child Infections Risk Policy Public health

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Liver function tests and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease:Changes in upper normal limits,does it really matter?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 2104-2112页

作者： Roberta Forlano Benjamin H Mullish Ameet dhar Robert d Goldin mark Thursz Pinelopi Manousou Liver Unit/department of Metabolism Digestion and ReproductionFaculty of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom Centre for Pathology Department of MedicineImperial College LondonLondon W21NYUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUNd Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLd)is the commonest cause of abnormal liver function tests(LFTs).Current upper normal of limit(UNL)of LFTs was derived from a“healthy”population,where undiagnosed MAFLd and viral hepatitis might be *** To evaluated potential implications of changes in UNL of alanine aminotransferase(ALT)in *** We retrospectively assessed consecutive first referrals with a diagnosis of MAFLd from 2010 to *** conventional UNL of ALT was 45 IU/L for men and 34 IU/L for women,while a low UNL of ALT was 30 IU/L for men and 19 IU/L for *** UNL of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)was 40 IU/*** Total 436 patients were enrolled;of these,288 underwent liver *** a lower UNL reduced the percentage of those with significant disease despite normal ALT;specifically,patients with advanced fibrosis(F≥F3)or definite“metabolic-associated steato-hepatitis(MASH)”(NAS≥5)within normal ALT decreased from 10%to 1%and from 28%to 4%***,the proportion of those with elevated ALT and no evidence of advanced fibrosis or“definite MASH”increased from 39%to 47%and from 3%to 19%.Overall,LFTs performed poorly in distinguishing“definite MASH”from simple steatosis(receiver operating characteristic areas under the curves 0.59 for ALT and 0.55 for AST).CONCLUSION Liver function tests might both under-and overestimate MASH-related liver *** the UNL might not be beneficial and imply an increase in healthcare *** stratification in MAFLd should rely on a combination of risk factors,not on LFTs alone.

关键词： Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease Liver function tests Alanine aminotransferase Fibrosis Stiffness

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Towards informed metrics for examining the role of human-induced animal responses in tag studies on wild animals

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 17-29页

作者： Rory P.WILSON mark HOLTON Vianney LWILSON Richard GUNNER Brenda TYSSE Gwendoline IWILSON Flavio QUINTANA Carlos dUARTE d.Michael SCANTLEBURY Biosciences Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWalesUK department of Geography Swansea UniversitySingleton ParkSwanseaWalesUK Instituto de Biología de Organismos Marinos(IBIOMAR) CONICETPuerto MadrynChubutArgentina Red Sea Research Centre King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia School of Biological Sciences Institute for Global Food SecurityQueen’s University BelfastBelfastUK

Two prime issues can detrimentally affect animals that have been equipped with tags:(i)the effect of the cap-ture and restraint process;and(ii)the effect of the tag *** work examines some of the issues surround-ing quantification of tag effects on wild animals for both restrained and free-living animals.A new method to quantify stress effects based on monitoring ventilation rates in relation to activity is suggested for restrained an-imals which may help improve the practice of handling *** is also suggested that various metrics,many derived from accelerometers,can be examined in tagged wild animals to examine the change in behaviors over time with a view to having a better understanding of welfare issues,assuring the quality of recorded data and in-forming best practice.

关键词： behavior stress tags wild animals

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Predicting the distribution of the Asian tapir in Peninsular Malaysia using maximum entropy modeling

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Integrative Zoology 2012年第4期7卷 400-406页

作者： Gopalasamy Reuben CLEMENTS d.mark RAYAN Sheema Abdul AZIZ Kae KAWANISHI Carl TRAEHOLT david MAGINTAN Muhammad Fadlli Abdul YAZI Reid TINGLEY Center for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science and School of Marine and Tropical Biology James Cook UniversityCairnsAustralia Center for Malaysian Indigenous Studies University of MalayaKuala LumpurMalaysia WWF Malaysia Petaling JayaMalaysia durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology University of KentCanterburyUK Malaysian Conservation Alliance for Tigers(MYCAT)Secretariat's Office Petaling JayaMalaysia Copenhagen Zoo CopenhagenDenmark department of Wldife and National Parks Peninsular Malaysia Kuala LumpurMalaysia School of Biological Sciences University of SydneySydneyAustralia

In 2008,the IUCN threat status of the Asian tapir(Tapirus indicus)was reclasified from‘vulnerable'to‘en-dangered'.The latest distribution map from the IUCN Red List suggests that the tapirs'native range is becom-ing increasingly fragmented in Peninsular Malaysia,but distribution data collected by local researchers sug-gest a more extensive geographical ***,we compile a database of 1261 tapir occurrence records within Peninsular Malaysia,and demonstrate that this species,indeed,has a much broader geographical range than the IUCN range map ***,extreme spatial and temporal bias in these records limits their utility for conservation ***,we used maximum entropy(MaxEnt)modeling to elucidate the potential ex-tent of the Asian tapir's occurrence in Peninsular Malaysia while accounting for bias in existing distribution *** MaxEnt model predicted that the Asian tapir has a wider geographic range than our fine-scale data and the IUCN range map both *** 37%of Peninsular Malaysia contains potentially suit-able tapir *** results justify a revision to the Asian tapir's extent of occurrence in the IUCN Red ***,our modeling demonstrated that selectively logged forests encompass 45%of potentially suitable tapir habitats,underscoring the importance of these habitats for the conservation of this species in Peninsular Malaysia.

关键词： ecological niche IUCN Malayan tapir mammal MaxEnt species distribution model

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The Ornithodolite as a tool to quantify animal space use and habitat selection: a case study with birds diving in tidal waters

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第1期14卷 4-16页

作者： Emma-Louise COLE James J WAGGITT Anders HEdENSTROM Marco PIANO mark d.HOLTON Luca BÖRGER Emily L.C.SHEPARd department of Biosciences Swansea UniversitySwanseaUK School of Ocean Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK department of Biology Lund UniversityEcology BuildingSweden Centre for Applied Marine Sciences Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeUK

Animal-attached technologies can be powerful means to quantify space use and behavior;however,there are also ethical implications associated with capturing and instrumenting ***,tagging approaches are not necessarily well-suited for examining the movements of multiple individuals within specific,local areas of ***,we assess a method of quantifying animal space use based on a modified theodolite with an inbuilt laser *** a database of>4200 tracks of migrating birds,we show that detection distance in-creases with bird body mass(range 5 g to>10 kg).The maximum distance recorded to a bird was 5500 m and measurement error was≤5 m for targets within this distance range:a level comparable to methods such as GPS *** go on to present a case study where this method was used to assess habitat selection in seabirds operating in dynamic coastal waters close to a tidal *** positional data with outputs from a hydrographic model revealed that great cormorants(Phalacrocorax carbo)appeared to be highly selective of current characteristics in space and time,exploiting areas where mean current speeds wered diving at times when turbulent energy levels were *** birds also oriented into tidal currents during *** together,this suggests that collision risks are low for cormorants at this site,as the 2 conditions avoided by cormorants(high mean current speeds and turbulence levels)are associated with operational tidal ***-all,we suggest that this modified theodolite system is well-suited to the quantification of movement in small areas associated with particular development strategies,including sustainable energy devices.

关键词： GPS habitat use movement ecology seabird tidal turbine

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Effects of water-aging for 6 months on the durability of a novel antimicrobial and protein-repellent dental bonding agent

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International Journal of Oral Science 2018年第3期10卷 160-167页

作者： Ning Zhang Ke Zhang Michael d.Weir david J.Xu mark A.Reynolds Yuxing Bai Hockin H.K.Xu department of Orthodontics School of StomatologyCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Biomatexrials&Tissue Engineering division Department of EndodonticsPeriodontics and ProsthodonticsUniversity of Maryland Dental SchoolBaltimoreMDUSA Center for Stem Cell Biology&Regenerative Medicine University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA department of Mechanical Engineering University of MarylandBaltimore CountyMDUSA

Biofilms at the tooth-restoration bonded interface can produce acids and cause recurrent caries. Recurrent caries is a primary reason for restoration failures. The objectives of this study were to synthesize a novel bioactive dental bonding agent containing dimethylaminohexadecyl methacrylate(dMAHdM) and 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine(MPC) to inhibit biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin and to investigate the effects of water-aging for 6 months on the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial durability. A protein-repellent agent(MPC) and antibacterial agent(dMAHdM) were added to a Scotchbond multi-purpose(SBMP) primer and adhesive. Specimens were stored in water at 37 °C for 1, 30, 90, or 180 days(d).At the end of each time period, the dentin bond strength and protein-repellent and antibacterial properties were evaluated. Protein attachment onto resin specimens was measured by the micro-bicinchoninic acid approach. A dental plaque microcosm biofilm model was used to test the biofilm response. The SBMP + MPC + dMAHdM group showed no decline in dentin bond strength after water-aging for 6 months, which was significantly higher than that of the control(P dMAHdM group had protein adhesion that was only 1/20 of that of the SBMP control(P d dMAHdM into SBMP provided a synergistic effect on biofilm reduction. The antibacterial effect and resistance to protein adsorption exhibited no decrease from 1 to 180 d(P > 0.1). In conclusion, a bonding agent with MPC and dMAHdM achieved a durable dentin bond strength and long-term resistance to proteins and oral bacteria. The novel dental bonding agent is promising for applications in preventive and restorative dentistry to reduce biofilm formation at the tooth-restoration margin.

关键词： MPC Effects of water-aging for 6 months on the durability of a novel antimicrobial and protein-repellent dental bonding agent

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Canadian children’s and youth’s adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during the COVId-19 pandemic: A decision tree analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第4期9卷 313-321页

作者： Michelle d.Guerrero Leigh M.Vanderloo Ryan E.Rhodes Guy Faulkner Sarah A.Moore mark S.Tremblay Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute OttawaON K1H 8L1Canada ParticipACTION TorontoON M5S 1M2Canada Child Health and Evaluative Sciences Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoON M5G 0A4Canada Behavioral Medicine Laboratory School of Exercise SciencePhysical and Health EducationUniversity of VictoriaVictoriaBC V8W 2Y2Canada School of Kinesiology University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z1Canada department of Therapeutic Recreation Faculty of ChildFamilyand Community StudiesDouglas CollegeCoquitlamBC V3B 7X3Canada School of Health and Human Performance Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNS B3H 4R2Canada department of Pediatrics University of OttawaOttawaON K1H 8L1Canada

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to use decision tree modeling to generate profiles of children and youth who were more and less likely to meet the Canadian 24-h movement guidelines during the coronavirus disease-2019(COVId-19)***:data for this study were from a nationally representative sample of 1472 Canadian parents(Meanage=45.12,Sd=7.55)of children(511 years old)or youth(1217 years old).data were collected in April 2020 via an online *** items assessed demographic,behavioral,social,micro-environmental,and macro-environmental *** decision trees of adherence and non-adherence to all movement recommendations combined and each individual movement recommendation(physical activity(PA),screen time,and sleep)were ***:Results revealed specific combinations of adherence and non-adherence *** associated with adherence to the recommendation(s)included high parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,annual household income ofCAd 100,000,increases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVId-19 outbreak began,being a boy,having parents younger than 43 years old,and small increases in children’s and youth’s sleep duration since the COVId-19 outbreak *** associated with non-adherence to the recommendation(s)included low parental perceived capability to restrict screen time,youth aged 1217 years,decreases in children’s and youth’s outdoor PA/sport since the COVId-19 outbreak began,primary residences located in all provinces except Quebec,low parental perceived capability to support children’s and youth’s sleep and PA,and annual household income ofCAd 99,***:Our results show that specific characteristics interact to contribute to(non)adherence to the movement behavior *** highlight the importance of targeting parents’perceived capability for the promotion of children’s and youth’s movement behaviors during challengin

关键词： decision tree analysis Parental perceived capability Physical activity Screen time Sleep

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Comparison of sexual function and quality of life after pelvic trauma with and without Angioembolization

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Burns & Trauma 2015年第3期3卷 155-160页

作者： Naeem Goussous mark d.Sawyer Lisa-Ann Wuersmer Marianne Huebner Molly L.Osborn Martin d.Zielinski department of Surgery Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation RochesterMNUSA division of Biomedical Statistics&Informatics Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA division of Trauma Critical Care and General SurgeryMary Brigh 2-818Mayo Clinic1216 Second Street SWRochesterMN 55902USA.

Background:The aim is to study the safety of Angioembolization on long-term sexual function and quality of ***:IRB approval was gained to review the prospectively collected trauma database as well as prospective questionnaires of patients at least 1 year out from pelvic fractures that occurred between 1996 and *** included the SF36v2,Female Sexual Function Index and the International Index of Erectile *** for each domain were compared between patients treated with AE and 2:1 case-matched control patients as well as between the national *** are presented as percentages or means with 95%CI.Pdered statistically ***:Thirty Seven cases and 74 matched controls were identified.42 patients completed the *** were 13 cases(12 males),and 29 controls(22 males).There was a higher ISS(Injury Severity Score)(32 vs 27;p=0.048)in the cases,but no difference in pelvic AIS(Abbreviated Injury Severity Score)(3 vs 3).Both groups scored similarly in the SF36 in all domains,but the entire cohort scored lower than the national norms in the physical functioning(41.9(37.8–46.0)vs50),role physical(40.9(36.2–45.7)vs50),body pain 43.8(40.7–46.9)vs50),role emotional 46.3(42.8–49.8)vs50),and physical composite score(42.1(38.0–46.3)vs50).All domains of the sexual function in both questionnaires showed significant impairment in our cohort compared with *** cases had similar scores to the ***:Pelvic fractures portend a worse long-term QOL and sexual function than the general ***,however,does not have an additive affect to these indices.

关键词： Pelvic fracture Angioembolization Sexual function Quality of life

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Sorption and desorption Behavior of FTuoroquinolone Antibiotics in an Agricultural Soil

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 676-680页

作者： Luqman RIAZ Tariq MAHMOOd YANG Qingxiang Muhammad Wahab YASIR Audil RASHId mark S. COYNE Elisa d’ANGELO College of Life Sciences Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007 (China) department of Environmental Sciences Pit Mehr All Shah Arid Agriculture UniversityRawalpindi 46000 (Pakistan) department of Plant & Soil Sciences University of KentuckyLexington KY /05/6-0091 (USA)

dear Editor, Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin (CIP), enrofloxacin (ENR), and levofloxacin (LEV)) are an extensively used family of antibiotics prescribed for various infections;however, they are also increasingly used to promote livestock growth. After oral administTation, much of the parent compound is excreted via urine and feces and can enter the environment at a high concentration. These antibiotics are only partially removed in wastewater treatment plants and become a part of the environment through irrigation practices.

关键词： CIP parent compound wastewater treatment

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Baseline effects of lysophosphatidylcholine and nerve growth factor in a rat model of sciatic nerve regeneration after crush injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第5期13卷 846-853页

作者： Ryan L.Wood Keaton S.Karlinsey Austin d.Thompson mark N.Rigby Greggory d.Boatright William G.Pitt Beverly L.Roeder Scott C.Steffensen Alonzo d.Cook department of Chemical Engineering Brigham Young University Neuroscience Center Brigham Young University department of Biology Brigham Young University department of Psychology Brigham Young University

Schwann cells play a major role in helping heal injured nerves. They help clear debris, produce neurotrophins, upregulate neurotrophin receptors, and form bands of Büngner to guide the healing nerve. But nerves do not always produce enough neurotrophins and neurotrophin receptors to repair themselves. Nerve growth factor（NGF） is an important neurotrophin for promoting nerve healing and lysophosphatidylcholine（LPC） has been shown to stimulate NGF receptors（NGFR）. This study tested the administration of a single intraneural injection of LPC（1 mg/mL for single LPC injection and 10 mg/mL for multiple LPC injections） at day 0 and one（day 7）, two（days 5 and 7）, or three（days 5, 7, and 9） injections of NGF（160 ng/mL for single injections and 80 ng/mL for multiple injections） to determine baseline effects on crush ed sciatic nerves in rats. The rats were randomly divided into four groups： control, crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF. The healing of the nerves was measured weekly by monitoring gait; electrophysiological parameters： compound muscle action potential（CMAP） amplitudes; and morphological parameters： total fascicle areas, myelinated fiber counts, fiber densities, fiber packing, and mean g-ratio values at weeks 3 and 6. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups statistically differed from the control group for all six weeks for the electrophysiological parameters but only differed from the control group at week 3 for the morphological parameters. The crush, crush-NGF, and crush-LPC-NGF groups did not differ from each other over the course of the study. Single injections of LPC and NGF one week apart or multiple treatments of NGF at 5, 7 and 9 days post-injury did not alter the healing rate of the sciatic nerves during weeks 1-6 of the study. These findings are important to define the baseline effects of NGF and LPC injections, as part of a larger effort to determine the minimal dose regimen of NGF to regenerate peripheral nerves.

关键词： lysophosphatidylcholine neurotrophic factor growth factor sciatic nerve crush peripheral nerve regeneration

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