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Prefrontal cortex and sensory cortices during working memory: quantity and quality

Neuroscience Bulletin 2015年第2期31卷 175-182页

作者： Yixuan Ku mark bodner Yong-Di Zhou Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Ministry of Education Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience School of Psychology and Cognitive Science East China Normal University MIND Research Institute Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins University NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science at NYU Shanghai

The activity in sensory cortices and the prefrontal cortex （PFC） throughout the delay interval of working memory （WM） tasks reflect two aspects of WM-quality and quantity, respectively. The delay activity in sensory cortices is fine-tuned to sensory information and forms the neural basis of the precision of WM storage, while the delay activity in the PFC appears to represent behavioral goals and filters out irrelevant distractions, forming the neural basis of the quantity of task-relevant information in WM. The PFC and sensory cortices interact through different frequency bands of neuronal oscillation （theta, alpha, and gamma） to fulfill goal-directed behaviors.

关键词： working memory prefrontal cortex capacity limit memory precision neuronal oscillations

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Neural correlates underlying incubation effects in divergent creative thinking:An EEC alpha oscillation study

Neural correlates underlying incubation effects in divergent...

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： mark bodner MIND Research Institute Santa AnaCAUSA

The phenomenon that new better solutions pop into one’s mind after putting an unsolved problem aside for a period of time is called the incubation *** the present study,we tried to investigate neural correlates underlying this effect in divergent creative *** performed Alternative Uses Tasks(AUTs) under the control condition(continuous task performance) and the incubation condition(an incubation period,interpolated task,added) respectively while EEG signals were *** results showed that after an incubation period the subjects provided more creative ideas,and the upper alpha(10-12 Hz) oscillations in the control condition increased at left frontal-central and right parietal-occipital recording sites but such increase was not observed in the incubation *** event related synchronization(ERS) has recently been hypothesized to be a sign of active cognitive processes,reflecting a positive functional correlate of top-down control in relevant neuronal ***,the incubation effect seems to restrain the growth of top-down control and keep the brain sensitive to competing and irrelevant information,which results in more unique ideas in AUT performance.

关键词： Incubation effect divergent creative thinking alternative uses task EEG alpha oscillation

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Cortical representaion of haptic working memory

Cortical representaion of haptic working memory

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中国神经科学学会第九届全国学术会议暨第五次会员代表大会

作者： Steven S.Hsiao mark bodner Fred Lenz Krieger Mind/Brain Institute Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD Department of Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD

＜正＞The neuronal activity in SI cortex was collected when monkeys performed a haptic unimodal working memory *** found that in trials with correct task performance a substantial number of cells showed significant differential neural activity only when the monkeys had to make a choice between two different haptic *** of incorrect trials showed that such a difference in neural activity was significantly ***,the choice differential neural activity was barely observed in monkeys who performed a control task that was identical to the haptic unimodal working memory task but did not require the animal to either actively memorize the sample,or make a choice between the two objects at the end of the *** data also suggested the top-down influence on decisionmaking neural activity in SI cortex when the animal performed a haptic crossmodal working memory *** all the above results together,we believe that the differential activity may be a neural correlate of decision making, and thus conclude that some SI cells function particularly in the process of decision making when the animal has to make a haptic *** findings indicate for the first time that primary sensory cortex may play an important role in decision-making.

关键词： monkey working memory haptic decision-making

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Study of neural substrate of working memory:neuronal activity of SI cortex of untrained monkeys in tactile working memory tasks

Study of neural substrate of working memory:neuronal activit...

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中国神经科学学会第四次会员代表大会暨第八届全国学术会议

作者： Steven S.Hsiao mark bodner Fred Lenz Joaquin Fuster Krieger Mind / Brain Institute Department of Neuroscience Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMD

＜正＞Previous studies have shown that somatosensory cortical neurons in well-trained monkeys participate in both haptic-haptic（HH） unimodal and visuo-haptic（VH） cross-modal delayed matching-to-sample *** the present study, we recorded from single units in SI cortex of monkeys "na（i|¨）ve" to those *** unit recording,the na（i|¨）ve animals performed tasks identical to those for trained monkeys but without the requirement（untrained） to discriminate and memorize sensory *** the HH trials,the na（i|¨）ve animal had to touch（"sample"） an object and after a delay,grasp and pull another object that was the same or different from the first（the animal was given the same reward in either case）.In the VH trials,the animal was first given a visual stimulus（presented at the animal’s eye level）,and after a delay,the animal was required to grasp and pull an object as it did in the second part of the HH task to get a *** the HH task,the majority of cells showed significant firing rate change when the monkey touched the first tactile object in the sample period;some of those touch-responsive cells showed the differential activity depending on which object was *** percentage of touch-related cells was similar to that from well-trained monkeys in the sample period,suggesting a similar neuronal process of perception in the trained and the na（i|¨）ve *** the delay period,a substantial number of cells also significantly changed their firing rate compared with the baseline,and some of them showed the differential delay activity. However,the percentage of delay-activated cells was significantly lower in na（i|¨）ve monkeys than that in well-trained monkeys,indicating the impact of training in working memory on the activity of SI *** addition,significantly lower percentages of active cells—in both sample and delay periods in the VH task—were found in na（i|¨）ve than in trained *** data,in conclusion,indicate that a population of SI neurons in

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Neural correlates of visuo-tactile crossmodal paired association learning and memory in humans

Neural correlates of visuo-tactile crossmodal paired associa...

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中国神经科学学会第十届全国学术会议

作者： Peng GUI Yixuan KU Lei LI Xiaojin LI mark bodner Yong-Di ZHOU Liping WANG Key laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics MOE & STCSMInstitute of Cognitive NeuroscienceEast China Normal University Department of Electronic Engineering East China Normal University Krieger Mind/Brain Institute Johns Hopkins University

Studies have indicated that distinct cortical sensory systems are able to process information from different sensory ***,it still remains largely unknown when and how these cortical systems integrate and retain information across sensory modalities during *** the present study,we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying visuo-tactile crossmodal associations and memory by using a delayed paired association（PA） learning paradigm and electroencephalographic（EEG） *** the PA task,subjects were required to identify predefined visuo-tactile（crossmodal） or visuo-visual（unimodal） pairs through a process of trial and *** was provided during learning phases,but not during learned *** of different event-related potentials（ERPs） were compared between the learning and learned phases（referred to as learning effects） and between the crossmodal and unimodal tasks（referred to as modal effects）.The N400 ERP component obtained from frontal recording sites between 300-600 ms after the onset of the first stimulus showed learning（but not modal） effects,suggesting the activation of networks that represent the initial stimulus *** contrast,the P400 component in central sites showed both learning and modal effects,indicating that P400 is related to the process of association ***,a late posterior negative slow wave（LPN） was observed from 500-700 ms in posterior sites,which showed learning effects only in the crossmodal *** component may reflect the neural process of the crossmodal association ***,the crossmodal association held in the working memory was represented by alpha-band responses（8-12 Hz） in both the frontal and posterior sites from 800-1500 ms during the late delay *** together,these results provide insights into the temporal dynamics of neural networks that mediate crossmodal association and memory formation.

关键词： cross-modal paired-association learning visuo-tactile LPN working memory

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子宫平滑肌瘤患者p16蛋白的表达:一项免疫组织化学分析

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（妇产科学分册） 2005年第5期1卷 40-41页

作者： bodner-Adler B bodner K Czerwenka K 朱国栋

The loss of cell cycle control is a critical step in the development of neopla sia. The p16 protein has been identified as a tumor suppressor protein, which bi nds specifically to the cyclin-de-pendent kinase CDK-4, inhibiting the cataly tic activity of the CDK4-cyclin D complex, and thereby acts as a negative cell cycle regulator. In the present study, we compared the expression of p16 protein in cases with leiomyoma, uterine smooth muscle tumor of uncertain malignant pot ential (STUMP), and leiomyosarcoma (LMS). P16 expression was investigated by imm unohistochemistry from paraffin-embedded tissue in 26 patients with leiomyoma, in 24 patients with STUMP, and in 21 patients with LMS. P16 was expressed in 12 %of leiomyomas, in 21%of STUMP, and in 57%of LMS. A statistically significant difference regarding the frequency of p16 protein expression was observed betwe en LMS and STUMP (P 0.05). Likewise, the staining intensity did significantly differ between LMS and leiomyoma and between LMS and STUMP (P 0.05). No statistically significant correlation between p16 express ion and clinical stage, age, vascular space involvement, and recurrence disease could be found in patients with LMS (P >0.05). Additionally, the overall surviva l did not significantly differ between p16-positive and p16-neg-ative cases ( P >0.05). We found that p16 was more frequently and more strongly expressed in L MS compared to STUMP and leiomyoma. We therefore concluded that p16 might play a n important role in sarcomagenesis. Furthermore, p16 might be a useful immunohistochemical mark er, which could help to distinguish cases of smooth muscle tumors in which histo logic features are ambiguous or borderline, but the use of p16 in a diagnostic s etting should await further clinical studies and clarification

关键词：子宫平滑肌瘤 p16蛋白免疫组织化学石蜡包埋标本细胞周期交界性平滑肌瘤组织学诊断恶性度负性调控因子统计学显著性

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